Moscow’s economic growth has defied Western sanctions

莫斯科的经济增长无视西方的制裁

The World Bank’s annual national income rankings, released on Monday, showed that Russia has advanced from “upper middle” to “high” category on the strength of its economic growth.

世界银行周一发布的年度国民收入排名显示,由于经济增长强劲,俄罗斯已从“中上”升至“高”。

The bank measures gross national income (GNI) based on a method dating back to 1989, and upxes its classifications every July 1, based on the previous calendar year’s GNI per capita. The income is measured in the equivalent of US dollars.

世界银行根据1989年的方法计算国民总收入(GNI),并在每年7月1日根据上一个日历年的人均GNI更新其分类。收入是以美元的等价物来计算的。
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“Economic activity in Russia was influenced by a large increase in military related activity in 2023, while growth was also boosted by a rebound in trade (6.8%), the financial sector (8.7%), and construction (6.6%),” said a post on the World Bank blog.

世界银行博客上的一篇文章称:“俄罗斯的经济活动受到2023年军事相关活动大幅增加的影响,同时贸易(6.8%)、金融业(8.7%)和建筑业(6.6%)的反弹也推动了经济增长。”

“These factors led to increases in both real (3.6%) and nominal (10.9%) GDP, and Russia’s Atlas GNI per capita grew by 11.2%,” the bank added.

“这些因素导致了实际GDP(3.6%)和名义GDP(10.9%)的增长,俄罗斯的阿特拉斯人均国民总收入增长了11.2%,”该银行补充说。

This economic growth happened even after the US and its allies levied thousands of sanctions against Russia over the Ukraine conflict, openly stating that their goal was to destroy the Russian economy and provoke regime change in Moscow.

即使在美国及其盟友因乌克兰冲突对俄罗斯实施了数千项制裁之后,这种经济增长仍在发生。美国及其盟友公开表示,他们的目标是摧毁俄罗斯经济,并在莫斯科引发政权更迭。

To be considered high-income, a country has to have a GNI of over $14,005, adjusted up from $13,845 for the previous fiscal year. The adjustment relies on a weighted average of GDP deflators of China, Japan, the UK, the US, and the Eurozone.

要被认为是高收入国家,一个国家的国民总收入必须超过14005美元,高于上一财年的13845美元。这种调整依赖于中国、日本、英国、美国和欧元区GDP平减指数的加权平均值。

The income classification is supposed to reflect a country’s level of development, using the GNI as “broadly available indicator of economic capacity.”

收入分类采用国民总收入作为“广泛可用的经济能力指标”,应该反映一个国家的发展水平。

World Bank figures also showed a trend towards development in South Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean, while the Middle East and North Africa were worse off in 2023 than in 1987. By contrast, Europe and Central Asia went from having 71% of high-income countries in 1987 to 69% in the past fiscal year.

世界银行的数据还显示出南亚、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的发展趋势,而中东和北非在2023年的情况比1987年还要糟糕。相比之下,欧洲和中亚的高收入国家比例从1987年的71%上升到上一财年的69%。