今天学习到的知识：中国明朝的弘治皇帝一生只有一个妻子
TIL China’s Hongzhi Emperor of the Ming Dynasty only had 1 wife and refused to have concubines after his mother was murdered by one of his father’s consorts.
译文简介
妃子们确实有很多心机
正文翻译
TIL China’s Hongzhi Emperor of the Ming Dynasty only had 1 wife and refused to have concubines after his mother was murdered by one of his father’s consorts.
中国明朝的弘治皇帝只有一个妻子，在他的母亲被父亲的一个妃子杀害后，他拒绝像父亲那样纳妾。
中国明朝的弘治皇帝只有一个妻子，在他的母亲被父亲的一个妃子杀害后，他拒绝像父亲那样纳妾。
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The concubines do be schemin
妃子们确实有很多心机
That was their agency and way into power. It relied on scheming deals with officials, emperors, and the royal family. Having your child as the official heir and being the mother of the emperor gave you a lot of sway. Also note that concubines usually came from entrenched noble families so they were also on the political battlefield for their family.
这就是她们的代理和掌权之路。这依赖于与官员、皇帝和皇室之间的交易。你的孩子是正式的继承人，你是皇帝的母亲，这就给了你很大的影响力。还要注意的是，嫔妃通常来自根深蒂固的贵族家庭，因此她们也是在为自己的家族征战政治战场。
Unless your were in some of those early northern dynasties. Can't remember exactly which ones, but I remember learning that during one of china's periods of fracture some of the northern dynasties made it a point to kill the heirs mother as soon as they were elevated to the position. I again can't remember if it was out of religious principal or as a way to stop the creation of powerful empress dowagers, who often would bring their own clans into power with them. Which could damage the influence of the imperial clan.
除非你身处早期的北朝。我不记得具体是哪个朝代了，但我记得我了解到，在中国的一个分裂时期，一些北方朝代规定，一旦继承人被确立，他的母亲就得死。我也记不清这是出于宗教信仰，还是为了防止出现有权势的皇太后，因为她们往往会让自己的宗族掌权。这可能会损害皇室的影响力。
Northern Wei Dynasty. Ironically, after the implementation of this system, the emperor's wet nurses or other concubines of previous emperors gained greater political influence. The Northern Wei Dynasty had the most powerful empress dowagers during the Northern and Southern Dynasties period. After concubines, out of fear, took abortion pills which nearly led to the extinction of the royal lineage, this regulation was abolished.
是北魏时期。讽刺的是，在这一制度实施后，皇帝的乳母或前朝皇帝的其他妃嫔获得了更大的政治影响力。北魏拥有南北朝时期权力最大的皇太后。后妃们出于恐惧服用堕胎药，险些导致皇室血统灭绝，这一规定就被废除了。
What was their form of abortion pill? Must’ve been pretty effective!
什么堕胎药？这么有效！
It was probably a low consistent dose of straight-up poison.
可能是低剂量的毒药。
i want a game of thrones type show set in ancient Chinese dynasty now
我现在就想要一部以中国古代王朝为背景的《权力的游戏》类型的电视剧
You're in luck. It's a very popular genre.
你很幸运。这是一种非常流行的类型。
Here to recommend the "New" Romance of the Three Kingdoms series I think the whole thing is on youtube.
这里推荐《新三国演义》系列，我记得youtube上有全集。
I will say that as a 3K enjoyer these shows are definitely a little "campy"(?), especially if you are younger. Even the 2010 one on YT. I kind of grew up with these kinds of shows so I don't really mind, but Chinese TV of the 90s-mid 2010s definitely has kind of a vibe that can feel pretty strange to modern sensibilities in the West.
I guess the problem with 3K as a story is the format is basically begging to be serialized, which isn't a popular format for TV now. I think a modern iteration of the story could really be popular, with a more early GoT vibe, higher production value, and better cinematography. Honestly I think we're kind of in a resurgence era of 3K popularity as a setting, with stuff like Dynasty Warriors getting traction again as well as Total War releasing their 3K game and Paripi Koumei being super popular 2 years ago. The only thing we're missing is a TV-format of the show that caters more to a Western crowd who might not be as knowledgeable and is used to the way shows are done here.
我想说，作为一名三国爱好者，这些节目肯定有点“做作”（？），尤其是如果你比较年轻的话。即使是油管上的 2010 版也是如此。我是看着这类节目长大的，所以我并不介意，但 20 世纪 90 年代到 2010 年代中期的中国电视确实有一种让西方现代人感觉很奇怪的氛围。
我想三国作为一个故事的问题在于，它的表现形式过于琐碎，这不是现在电视流行的形式。我认为这个故事的现代版本确实会很受欢迎，因为它具有更早期的《权力的游戏》氛围、更高的制作价值和更好的摄影。老实说，我认为我们正处于三国流行背景的复兴时代，像真三国无双这样的东西再次受到关注，全面战争发布了他们的三国游戏，而《派对咖孔明》在两年前非常受欢迎。我们唯一缺少的是电视剧的形式，一种更多地迎合西方观众的需求，内容可能不那么深刻，但符合这里的节目制作习惯的电视剧。
There’s a ton of them. You can watch Chinese TV shows, you know.
有很多这样的节目。你可以看中国电视节目，你知道的。
why not recommend some
为什么不推荐一些
2010 tv series adaptation of romance of the three kingdoms. action scenes are a little cheesy but the acting is great and the sets/costumes are awesome
2010 年改编自《三国演义》的电视连续剧。动作场面有点俗气，但演技很好，布景/服装也很棒
Yeah but, going through life without even having one concubine? What a sacrifice. I couldn't imagine.
虽然但是，一辈子连一个妾都没有？这是多么大的牺牲啊。我无法想象。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Life of a prince or princess in imperial China must be stressful as fuck cuz due to several dozens of step moms and half siblings all wanting to kill you at all times
在中华帝国，王子或公主的生活一定压力很大，因为几十个继母和同父异母的兄弟姐妹随时都想杀了你
And also 90% of your councilors, magistrates, and military officers.
还有 90% 的朝廷大臣、地方官和军官。
Which meant that every single servant was of questionable loyalty. Any one of them could be paid for by pretty much anyone at the palace.
What an awful way to live.
这意味着每个仆人的忠诚度都值得怀疑。他们中的任何一个人都可能被宫里的任何人收买。
这是多么可怕的生活方式啊
And yet people wanted the job. Weirdos.
然而人们还是想要这份工作。怪人。
Seems like they usually wanted it more when they were the ones doing the scheming.
看起来，他们通常更想要的是自己是搞阴谋诡计的那一方。
The sacrifices some will make just so they can inflict cruelty on others explains a lot of today's world too.
有些人为了能残忍地对待他人而做出牺牲，这也说明了当今世界的许多问题。
Yeah. Being a bureaucrat was a good life back then. You could take bribes to look the other way on things in your purview and get your salary at the same time.
是的。那时候当官真是好日子。你可以收受贿赂，对你职权范围内的事情睁一只眼闭一只眼，同时还能拿到薪水。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Crazy enough all that and it were the eunuchs that were the most dangerous
这一切已经足够疯狂了，而太监才是最危险的
This depends heavily on the time period and dynasty. China had nearly 3000 years of dynasties and anarchic war in between. The practice of eunuchs as civil servants were recorded in the second century CE under the Han dynasty, but it started primarily as a form of punishment (notably recorded as one of the five punishments of the ancient Chinese legal system). They didn’t have the power to assassinate and determine who the successive emperors were until around the 9th century CE under the Tang dynasty.
这在很大程度上取决于时代和朝代。中国经历了近 3000 年的朝代更迭和无政府战争。宦官作为文官的做法在公元二世纪的汉朝就有记载，但一开始主要是作为一种惩罚形式（特别是作为中国古代法律制度的五刑之一）。直到公元 9 世纪左右的唐朝，宦官才有权力刺杀和决定谁是历代皇帝。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I'll put Ottoman royalty on top, they had no problem with infanticide. Even the husbands of princesses got executed once the new Sultan was appointed.
我认为奥斯曼帝国的皇室更胜一筹，他们在杀害婴儿方面没有任何心理负担。一旦新苏丹即位，甚至公主的丈夫也会被处死。
Better than being an Ottoman Prince though!
还是比当奥斯曼帝国王子强！
How is it like being an Ottoman Prince? What kind of schemes were there?
成为一名奥斯曼王子是怎样的体验？会有什么样的流程？
The Ottomans practiced a succession policy where when the Sultan died, all of his sons would fight each other for the throne. Whoever won would then have all of his other brothers put to death. Since Sultans had harems there tended to be a lot of sons and therefore a lot of deaths. Also if you happen to be a child when your father died, well sucks for you cause your brother is going to kill you.
奥斯曼人实行的继承政策是，苏丹死后，他的所有儿子将为王位而互相争斗。无论谁赢了，他的其他兄弟都会被处死。由于苏丹都有后宫，往往会有很多儿子，因此也会有很多人死亡。此外，如果你父亲去世时你还是个孩子，那你就惨了，因为你的兄弟会杀了你。
Only for about 150 years, from Mehmed II to Ahmed I. Mehmed did it out of necessity, and then legalized it after the fact, and Ahmed stopped it out of love for his little brother (and his executed uncle). Emperoring be a strange profession.
这一制度只从穆罕默德二世到艾哈迈德一世，持续了大约 150 年。穆罕默德这样做是出于必要，然后事后将其合法化，而艾哈迈德则出于对他弟弟（和他被处决的叔叔）的爱而停止了这种做法。皇帝是一个奇怪的职业。
It starts earlier than Mehmed II. The first big Ottoman Interregnum Civil War between four different brothers was after Bayezid was captured by Timur was a good 50 years before Mehmed II. But yes it wasn’t the whole time of the Ottoman Empire.
它开始于穆罕默德二世之前。巴耶济德被帖木儿俘虏后，奥斯曼帝国的四个不同兄弟之间爆发了第一次大规模的内战，比穆罕默德二世还要早 50 年。但是的，这并没有覆盖奥斯曼帝国的全部时期。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
There were even a few times when Sultans would kill their own children if they were a threat.
甚至有几次，如果自己的孩子构成威胁，苏丹就会杀死他们。
Sultan Suleiman killed his first son, Mustafa
Magnificent Century tells the story of Suleiman and Hurrem Sultana - it's free on YouTube with decent English subtitles, has gorgeous costumes, and tons of scheming for anyone interested!
苏丹苏莱曼杀死了他的长子穆斯塔法
《壮丽的世纪》讲述了苏莱曼和胡雷姆·苏丹娜的故事 - 它在 YouTube 上免费，有不错的英文字幕，有华丽的服装，还有大量的阴谋，感兴趣的朋友可以去看看！
I remember you don't even need to wait for the previous sultan to resign/die. The moment the prince was appointed Royal heir succession (Mehmet I believe), he would go on a killing-spree under his dad, the current sultan.
我记得你甚至不需要等待前任苏丹辞职/去世。一旦王子被任命为王室继承人（我相信是穆罕默德），他就会在他的父亲，也就是现任苏丹手下大开杀戒。
Common practice to kill your brothers, uncles, etc. There was no clearly established succession laws in the Ottoman Empire and so killing your rival family members was one of the only ways to protect your succession.
杀死你的兄弟、叔叔等是常见做法。奥斯曼帝国没有明确的继承法，因此杀死你的敌对家族成员是保护你继承权的唯一方法之一。
Interesting when this practice backfires as well. One of the Emperors of Trebizond killed 2 of his brothers but the one that got away came back to kill his son (since the brother already died of the plague). That didn't last long though since he was also then possibly poisoned by his wife so she could become empress.
有趣的是，这种做法也适得其反。特拉比松的一位皇帝杀死了他的两个兄弟，但逃脱了一个，后来回来杀死了他的儿子（因为他的兄弟已经死于瘟疫）。但这并没有持续多久，因为他当时也可能被他的妻子毒死了，这样她就可以成为女皇。
Very very common in Achaemenid Persia as well… come to think of it, quite common all throughout history and cultures
这在阿契美尼德波斯也非常非常常见……想想看，在整个世界历史和文化中都很常见
There was no clearly established succession laws
Killing your brothers literally was the law. It latter changed to eldest and wisest
“没有明确规定的继承法”
杀死你的兄弟确实是一条法律。后来变成了选择最年长和最聪明的
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Suleiman the Magnificent killed his own son, and his father killed his uncle.
苏莱曼大帝杀了自己的儿子，他的父亲杀了他的叔叔。
The Tang Dynasty Emperors were similar; Li Shimin (Tang Taizong) killed his brothers for the position of Crown Prince and his father (the founding Emperor of Tang, Li Yuan) abdicated to let Li Shimin take the throne.
The Ming Emperors also had situations where the uncles of the Emperors decided to revolt, but only Zhu Di was successful in claiming the throne.
The struggle for Imperial Power is always going to end up problematic.
唐朝的皇帝也有类似的情况：李世民（唐太宗）为了太子之位杀死了自己的兄弟，他的父亲（唐高祖李渊）退位让李世民登上皇位。
明朝皇帝也出现过皇帝的叔叔们决定造反的情况，但只有朱棣成功称帝。
皇权的争夺，最终总会出现问题。
It's super stressful.
Even if you "make it", the first test of the new emperor is usually escaping the fate of being a puppet. Usually you inherit the throne but not loyalty of your ministers.
压力超级大啊
即使你“成功”了，新皇帝面临的第一个考验通常是摆脱傀儡的命运。通常你继承了皇位，却无法继承大臣们的忠诚。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
That's why Palace dramas are so fun to watch
这就是为什么宫廷剧这么好看
Hence why there have been so many Chinese/Cantonese TV dramas based on imperial inner court politics. It makes for some juicy scheming drama!
因此，才会有这么多以宫廷内廷政治为题材的中文/粤语电视剧。这产生了一些有趣的阴谋戏剧！
Life of a monarch in ANY country where they rule via absolute power is one of constant fear of assassination or imprisonment, from children, friends, ANYONE - which makes it disgustingly hilarious that there are still people in the world who long for that sort of power.
Castles are prisons meant to keep people OUT.
在任何一个通过绝对权力进行统治的国家，君主的生活都充满了对暗杀或监禁的恐惧，无论是来自子女、朋友还是任何人--这让人感到恶心和可笑的是，世界上竟然还有人渴望这种权力。
城堡是监狱，目的是把人关在外面。
Imagine how many step moms and step sis being stuck somewhere and asks their stepbro to or stepson to help them get out. That’s wild!
想象一下有多少继母和继姐妹被困在了某个地方，并要求他们的继兄弟或继子帮助她们“出去”。太疯狂了！
I assume real life isn’t as dramatic as the shows. And the princesses weren’t that important
我认为现实生活并不像节目中那么戏剧化。公主并没有那么重要
The background of his birth mother was extremely tragic, she was a servant girl originally from the minority Yao tribes that were conquerd by Ming, and she was captured as a slave, and sent to work as servant girl to the Imperial palace. She's probably very clever, and quickly rose up the ranks and is trusted enough to work in the emperors private treasury. That was where she met Chenghua emperor, and was impregnated. As the article said, she's probably murdered by lady Wan to remove her as a threat as Hongzhi grew up and is likely to be the emperor.
Hongzhi's father Chenghua is widely regarded as a very bad emperor, and that can be attributed to his non existent education, when he was largely neglected as his father, the disastrous Tianshun emperor was captured by the Mongolians after very bad decision makings.
But when Chenghua was largely ignored as at a point it seems that he had no chance of ascending the throne, his servant Wan (future lady Wan), who is 15 years older than him, became the only person who genuinely cared for him. So lady Wan naturally became some kind of a mother figure to him, and he took her as a concubine when his crown prince status was restored - following his father's miraculous return from Mongolia (his father's story, i.e. hongzhi's grandfather life is also very dramatic).
So there's something very Freudian running in Hongzhi's father and lady Wan, which makes this a very interesting piece of history, but due to the lack of primary sources, it's really up to psychologists imagination and projections.
And Hongzhi turned out to be one of the best emperors in Ming dynasty. I'd rate him after Yongle. Hard to compare with Zhu Yuanzhang because he was so unique and different, but he's generally regarded to be a good emperor coming from a bad place.
他生母的身世极其悲惨，原是被明朝征服的瑶族少数民族的婢女，被抓去当奴隶，后被送到皇宫当丫鬟。她可能很聪明，很快就升了官，并得到了皇帝的信任，在皇帝的私人库房工作。在那里，她遇到了成化皇帝，并受孕。正如文章所说，她很可能是被万夫人杀害的，目的是消除她的威胁，因为弘治长大后很可能会成为皇帝。
弘治的父亲成化被普遍认为是一个非常糟糕的皇帝，这可以归咎于他没有受过教育，因为他的父亲，灾难性的天顺皇帝在做出非常错误的决策后被蒙古人俘虏，他在很大程度上被忽视了。
但是，当成化似乎没有机会登上王位而被忽视时，比他大 15 岁的仆人万氏（未来的万夫人）成了唯一真正关心他的人。因此，万氏自然而然地成为了他某种关于母亲的形象，当他的父亲奇迹般地从蒙古归来（他父亲的故事，也就是弘治的祖父的一生也非常具有戏剧性），他的太子身份得以恢复，便纳了万氏为妾。
因此，弘治的父亲和万氏夫人身上有一些非常弗洛伊德式的东西，这使得这段历史非常有趣，但由于缺乏原始资料，这确实取决于心理学家的想象和推测。
弘治是明朝最好的皇帝之一。我认为他仅次于永乐。很难将他与朱元璋相提并论，因为他太独特、太与众不同了，但人们普遍认为他是一个出身不好的好皇帝。
This story has it all.
Tragic background
Underdog
Dramatic father's return
Marrying mother figure
Becoming the Emperor
He's HIM. Literally the main character
这个故事拥有一切：
悲剧的背景
被看扁的弱者
父亲戏剧性的回归
与具有母亲形象的人结婚
成为皇帝
他就是字面意义上的主角
Wait till you read about Archmage Liu xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Eastern Han who won a battle of 10,000 vs 420,000 almost purely due to meteorological events
等到你读到东汉光武帝大法师刘秀几乎纯粹因为气象事件而赢得了10000人对420000人的战斗的时候...
The 420k number is almost an exaggeration although it's still around a range of 30k to 100k so a huge disparity nonetheless.
The Han army were performing very well before the events and were beating the crap out of the xin army due to their blunders. So it's not purely due to the meteorological events. Although the weather did help in cutting off their escape allowing them to be wiped out.
42 万这个数字几乎是夸大其词，尽管它仍在 3 万到 10 万之间，但差距还是很大。
在事件发生之前，汉军的表现非常出色，而且新军由于失误，已经被打得落花流水。因此，这并不纯粹是气象事件造成的。虽然天气确实有助于切断他们的逃路，使他们全军覆没。
That man is pretty upstanding for his time… at least in this regards … born from trauma unfortunately
那个男人在他的时代是相当正直的……至少在这方面……不幸的是，这是从创伤中诞生的
Unfortunately, his only son turned out to be a slacker and incompetent, and it led to the fall of the Ming Dynasty
不幸的是，他唯一的儿子却是一个懒惰无能的人，导致了明朝的灭亡。
you can't really say his reign led to the fall especially since the Dynasty lasted at least 150 years after that, with 6 more Ming emperors proceeding his reign.
Although he was a very terrible emperor compared to his father
你不能说他的统治导致了明朝的灭亡，尤其是在他统治之后，明朝至少延续了 150 年，在他统治之前还有 6 位明朝皇帝。
虽然与他的父亲相比，他是一个非常糟糕的皇帝
That's so sweet
好温馨
But it made no political sense for the time. Your children can easily be “accidentally” killed at anytime and now you have no heir and the dynasty would end with you. That’s how civil wars start. I mean, civil wars can erupt at a drop of a hat anyway but at least you can say you try to prevent bickering in your time.
但这在当时没有任何政治意义。你的孩子很容易随时被“意外”杀死，然后你就没有继承人了，王朝也会随着你的离去而终结。内战也因此爆发。我的意思是，虽然内战会因为各种理由突然爆发，但多生孩子至少可以说你在你的时代努力防止过。