QA问答：我如何移民到美国?

Geoff Leigh
How can I immigrate to the USA from Egypt?
1. Have a relative that is a US citizen and qualify for family re-unification immigrant status - Might have to wait for 10 years for the application to be completed.
2. Marry a US citizen, with love, commitment and survive at least 2 years and pass the immigration test that it is not a marriage of convenience.
3. Study at a US college, get an advanced degree (Masters) and find a job where the employer will apply for HI-B, continue for 4 years and then apply for permanent resident green card.
4. Emigrate to Canada ( with a high-scoring skill), wait 4 years, become a Canadian citizen, get a Job as a specific professional category in the USA under treaty NAFTA, get TN-1 work visa and apply for a green card permanent resident status.

从埃及移民到美国的方法有以下几种：
亲属移民：如果你有一个亲属是美国公民，并且符合家庭团聚的移民条件，可能需要等待10年才能完成申请。
婚姻移民：如果你与美国公民结婚，并且婚姻是出于真爱和承诺，至少维持2年，并通过移民测试证明这不是一场权宜婚姻。
留学转工作：在美国大学获得高级学位（如硕士），找到工作后，雇主可能为你申请H1-B工作签证，工作4年后可申请永久居民绿卡。
通过加拿大：先移民到加拿大，成为公民后，根据北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）在美国获得特定专业工作，获得TN-1工作签证，然后申请绿卡。

5. Have $500,000 to a $ 1 Million as an Investor, with the view to set up a company in the USA, employ at least 10 US citizens for at least 2 years ( so you probably need to have at least $5million USD available to make that work. )Apply to be made a permanent resident before the end of the 2 years.
6. Apply for and win a slot of the US Diversity Permanent Resident Green Card Lottery.
5. Come as a person of international renown - like a famous actor, singer, musician, Sports person especially in an Olympic sport or for an American Professional Sport club (Basketball, Baseball, American Football), Nobel Prize winner or innovative inventor, as America likes 'winners' and famous people.
6. Try for the small amount of Professional H1-B work visas if you have an employer that would sponsor that, wait 4 years and apply for Permanent Resident/Green Card. (upxe: as of June 24, 2020 this option is suspended until.the end of 2020, after a partial freeze started earlier related to the COVID-19 economic impact to the US economy, except in a few categories such as food supply, health and pharmaceutical specialist occupations.)

投资移民：作为投资者，如果你有50万到100万美元的话，计划在美国设立公司并至少雇佣10名美国公民2年，可能需要至少500万美元来实现这一目标，并在2年结束前申请成为永久居民。
绿卡抽签：申请并赢得美国多元化永久居民绿卡抽签的一个名额。
特殊人才：作为国际知名人士，如著名演员、歌手、音乐家、体育运动员、诺贝尔奖获得者或创新发明家，因为美国喜欢"赢家"和名人。
H1-B工作签证：如果你的雇主愿意担保，可以尝试申请少量的H1-B工作签证，等待4年后申请绿卡。但自2020年6月24日起，由于COVID-19疫情对美国经济的影响，这一选项已被暂停，不过食品供应、健康和制药专业等少数类别还是可以。

That is all depending on the current Government, congress, and President not barring you because of Country of Origin, Religion - and you have some specific ability or talent. Additionally, the Immigration Law is one of the things that may get overhauled completely as President Trump has it on his to-do list.
There may be a re-instatement of all visa applications being denied, revoked or halted from many countries including primarily Muslim Countries and terrorist supporting regimes.
Also, if you do get to the USA somehow, you must not use any public funds (grants, unemployment or social security welfare) or commit any crime or be arrested or convicted of any violation of sometimes archaic and biased laws, where ignorance of the law is not a defense. It could be a pattern that some biased and bigoted law enforcement agencies may as well as harass you find some way to arrest and charge you for being not from the USA. The Statue of Liberty and the 'Bring your poor and tired masses' welcoming immigration to the USA is long gone, and if the Statue of Liberty could move I am sure that she would stomp north of the border and settle down off of Newfoundland, Canada!

移民美国的这些可能性都取决于当前的政府、国会和总统，他们不会因为你的原籍国或宗教信仰而阻挠你，同时你还需要具备一些特殊的能力或才能。此外，移民法可能会经历一次彻底的改革，因为这是特朗普总统在其待办事项清单上的一项。
所有被拒绝、撤销或暂停的签证申请可能会被恢复，这些申请主要来自包括穆斯林国家和支持恐怖主义的政权在内的许多国家。
如果你设法到达美国，你不能使用任何公共资金，比如补助、失业金或社会保障福利，也不能犯下任何罪行或被逮捕或被定罪，有时是因为一些古老和有偏见的法律，而不了解法律并不是辩护的理由。这可能是一些有偏见和偏执的执法机构的模式，他们可能会骚扰你，找到逮捕和指控你的理由，因为你不是来自美国。自由女神像和“将你那些疲惫的、贫穷的、渴望自由呼吸的拥挤的群众交给我”的移民精神已经不复存在，如果自由女神像能移动，我相信她会越过边境向北，定居在加拿大纽芬兰附近。

Some example of Obscure laws still valid in some states include :
Do not cut down a Cactus in Arizona, otherwise 25 years in jail is the maximum penalty;
Do not sell your eyeballs in Texas.
Do not go fishing without checking and obtaining a fishing permit, particularly in Federal,State, County or City owned land or sea shore. (A Chinese couple, a customer of my wife for real estate, were deported for not obeying this law and lost their 'green cards'.)
Do not sell a toothbrush as well as toothpaste to the same customer on a Sunday in Rhode Island.
So the American Dream may only be a mirage, my friend, unless you have great luck and skill and patience !

这些让人费解的法律仍然于某些州有效，包括：
不要在亚利桑那州砍仙人掌，否则可能面临最高25年的监禁；
不要在德克萨斯州出售你的眼球；
钓鱼前一定要检查并获取钓鱼许可证，特别是在联邦、州、县或市拥有的土地或海岸线上钓鱼（有一对中国夫妇，因未遵守这一法律而被驱逐出境，失去了他们的绿卡）；
在罗德岛州，不要于星期天向同一位顾客同时出售牙刷和牙膏。
因此，美国梦可能只是一个幻象，除非你拥有极大的运气、技能和耐心。

Astor G. Mandalor
There are 3 major pathways to immigration to the U.S.: (1) family, (2) job, (3) refugee.
Most people are not refugees, and don't have relatives in the U.S., so options (1) and (3) are out of reach.
Option (2), the job / employment-based immigration, is the only viable pathway for the vast majority of people on this Earth.
Under US law, a company applies for your visa. In general, you need to get a job offer first from a company that loves you so much that they'll apply for a visa for you, and are willing to wait the average 6 months it takes for the visa to get processed. It is hard to find such a company, but it certainly is not impossible.
The best US work visa right now is the H-1B. It lets you change jobs to any company (as long as the job is related to your major/focus in college), and provided that company is willing to do a small amount of work to "transfer" the H1B visa.

美国的移民途径主要有三大类：（1）家庭移民，（2）职业移民，（3）难民。大多数人既不是难民，也没有亲属在美国，因此第一和第三条途径对他们来说难以触及。
第二条途径，即基于职业的移民，对地球上绝大多数人来说，是唯一可行的方式。
根据美国法律，通常由公司为你申请签证。一般来说，你首先需要从一家非常喜欢你的公司获得一份工作，他们会为你申请签证，并且愿意等待平均6个月的签证处理时间。虽然找到这样的公司不易，但绝非不可能。
目前美国最好的工作签证是H-1B签证。它允许你更换工作，只要新工作与你在大学学习的专业相关，并且新公司愿意为你“转移”H-1B签证。
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There's another visa called the L-1 visa for intra-company transfer, but it sucks. It locks you down to the company. You can't change jobs, and you get kicked out if you ever get let go from that company.
You've asked your question at a good time. Every year, companies apply for the H1B visa on April 1. There is a limit of 85,000 visas per year, and if the gov receives more than 85,000 H1B applications on April 1, they perform a computer randomized lottery and randomly sext 85,000.
If you want to move to the US, this is the time. First, you need to get a tourist (B-2 visa). If you are the citizen of a rich country, you might be able to visit the US without a visa, and stay for up to 3 months through the Visa Waiver Program (VWP).
Ideally, fly in on Jan 1, and stay for the full 3 months. You could sublet an apartment for 3 months on craigslist. Then apply for jobs diligently. Apply, apply, apply.

还有另一种L-1签证，适用于公司内部调动，但它有限制。它将你绑定在特定公司，你不能换工作，一旦被解雇，你将被迫离开。
你提问的时机很好。每年4月1日，公司会提交H1B签证申请。每年签证限额为85,000个，如果政府在4月1日收到的申请超过这个数量，他们会通过电脑随机抽签，从中选出85,000个。
如果你想搬到美国，现在是时候了。首先，你需要获得旅游签证（B-2签证）。如果你来自富裕国家，你或许可以通过免签计划（VWP）——无需签证就能访问美国，最长停留3个月。
理想情况下，你可以在1月1日抵达，停留整个3个月。你可以在Craigslist上短期租一个公寓。然后积极地申请工作，不断申请。

Also, while traveling on VWP or on a B-2 visa, do not say you're going to apply for jobs, as this is a legal grey area, and the interpretation of the law is subjective and varies on whether looking for a future H-1B sponsor is considered "immigrant intent" (as the H-1B is after all a non-immigrant visa).
I've read of people who in their B visa interview said that they were going to the U.S. to interview for a future potential H-1B sponsor, and were approved for the visa, and restated that as the purpose of their travel at the border as well. So this is definitely seen as legal by at least a large number of immigration and consular officers. However, there is still a possibility that you could get denied entry at the U.S. airport you arrived in under Immigration and Nationality Act Section 214(b) for having "immigrant intent", get sent back, and receive an automatic 5-year ban as a result.
If you are a good software developer, you should have no problem finding a company willing to apply for you. Once a company says they'll apply for you, you just need to go back to the UK and wait for the results of the lottery.
You'll know if you won the lottery by June/July. Last year, they got 233,000 application, and they chose 85,000 out of that randomly. You could say your odds of winning are 1 in 3. There might be even more applications this year.

此外，在持免签证或B-2签证旅行时，不要说你要申请工作，因为这是一个法律的灰色地带，对于寻找未来的H-1B担保人是否被认为是“移民意图”(因为H-1B毕竟是一种非移民签证)，法律的解释因主观判断而异。
我了解到一些人在他们的B签证面试中说，他们去美国是为了面试一个未来可能的H-1B担保人，并获得了签证，他们在边境处也重申了这一旅行目的。所以这至少被许多移民和领事官员视为合法。然而，你仍有可能根据《移民和国籍法》第214(b)条，因具有“移民意图”而被拒绝入境，被遣返，并因此自动受到5年禁令。
如果你是一名优秀的软件开发者，你应该不难找到愿意为你申请的公司。一旦公司表示愿意为你申请，你只需返回英国等待抽签结果。
你将在6月或7月得知是否中签。去年，他们收到了233,000份申请，随机选择了85,000份。中奖几率大约是1/3。今年的申请数量可能更多。

If you don't win the lottery, there's two options:
Re-attempt this whole process, and try the lottery every year. You'd have to move to the US for at least a month or two, ideally in January, February or March.
You could get a job at a US company in the UK, and ask for a transfer to the US. If it works out, you'll be in the US on a L-1 visa. This visa doesn't allow you to change jobs, and requires you to leave the country if you ever leave the company. But if your job is with a large stable company, that shouldn't be too much to worry about. Now there's two routes you can go down from here:
Ask your company (i.e. the sponsor of your L-1 transfer visa) to apply for an employment-based green card. The green card process can last anywhere from 1 year to 6 or 7 years (or more), depending on what category you were put in, and what country you were born in. You are, again, locked to your company during this period.

如果没有中签，你有两个选择：
重新尝试整个过程，每年都参加抽签。你可能需要至少在1月、2月或3月搬到美国，住上一个月或两个月。
你可以在英国的美国公司找到工作，并请求调到美国。如果成功，你将以L-1签证在美国工作。这种签证不允许你换工作，如果你离开公司，你必须离开美国。但如果你的工作是在一家大型且稳定的公司，这应该不会太令人担忧。这有两条路线让你选择：
要求你的公司（即L-1签证的担保人）为你申请基于就业的绿卡。绿卡过程可能持续1到7年或更久，取决于你的类别和出生地。在此期间，你将被绑定在公司。

You can look for jobs in January-February-March period while you're in the US on the L-1 visa. The company will have to apply for an H1B visa for you. If you win the lottery, they switch you over from your old L1 to your new H1B. Once you're approved for the H1B, you can switch to other jobs fairly freely. (There's still paperwork to change jobs on the H1B, but 70% of tech companies in the US are willing to do it.)
If you've successfully navigated this obstacle course, and are now in the U.S. with a wonderful job, make sure to ask your employer to start the employment-based green card application process for you, before too long. The L-1B is limited to 5 years, and the L-1A to 7 years.
Similarly, the H-1B visa is limited 6 year visa, and at the end of the 6 years, you are automatically banned from the U.S. for one year, as part of a "foreign residency requirement". You do not wait until the 5th or even 4th to ask your employer to apply for your green card. Ideally, ask before you hit your third year.
Alright then, good luck to you!

你可以在1月至3月期间在美国寻找工作，当时你持L-1签证。新公司将不得不为你申请H1B签证。如果你中签，他们将把你从旧的L1签证转为新的H1B签证。一旦你获得H1B签证，你可以相对自由地换工作（尽管换工作时仍需办理一些手续，但70%的美国科技公司愿意这样做）。
如果你成功地通过了这些障碍，并且现在在美国有了一份好工作，请确保让你的雇主尽快开始为你申请基于就业的绿卡程序，不要等到L-1B的5年或L-1A的7年限制快到时才申请。
好吧，祝你好运！

Andrew Ekleberry
What is the best way to move to the United States?
Make sure you actually want to move here first. I know this isn’t the answer you are looking for, but coming to the US is not great for most people. Many people come here and regret it.
Be sure you are coming here for the right reasons, and that it will be what you want to do.
If you have no family here, you are going to be lonely. If you are of a different religion, there is going to be a culture shock.
We have a number of foreign people where I work. Just last week, a bunch wanted to go celebrate some foreign festival. Well the boss said, we don’t do that here. You leave, don’t come back. Your job will be terminated.
They spent the night everyone else was celebrating, in the warehouse working.

搬到美国最好的方式是什么?
首先，确保你真的想要移民到这里。我知道这不是你想要的答案，但对大多数人来说，来美国并不是件好事。很多人来到这里后都后悔了。
在决定来美国之前，请确保你出于正确的理由，并且这确实是你想要的生活方式。
如果你在这里没有家人，你可能会感到很孤单。如果你信仰的宗教与这里主流不同，你可能会经历文化冲击。
在我工作的地方有一些外国人。就在上周，一些人想庆祝他们国家的某个节日。但老板说，我们这里不庆祝那个节日。如果你们离开，就不用回来了，你们的工作会被终止。
他们不得不在其他人庆祝的时候，在仓库里工作了一整晚。

Had another guy, think he could go pray in the corner for 20 minutes. He would walk off. Come back, spend 30 minutes working, then take a break. Then he’d come back, spend 15 minutes work, and wonder off to pray. Then come back, work 30 minutes, and go to lunch.
No. We pay you to work. Not pray. If you pray, then you don’t get breaks. Prayer time, is your break time. And your break time is 15 minutes, not 30 minutes or however long you want to pray.
He doesn’t work there anymore.
I have a guy from Bangladesh. He wants to play cricket. We don’t play cricket. He has all his cricket stuff, and he hasn’t played a single game since he’s been here.
We had a company party, and we ordered pizza. Well some people were ticked off that we ordered pepperoni. Well… this is America. We eat pigs here.

还有一个人，他以为他可以去角落里祈祷20分钟。他离开岗位，回来后再工作30分钟，然后休息。接着他又离开去祷告15分钟，回来后再工作一会儿，然后去吃午饭。
但我们付钱是让你工作的，不是让你祷告的。如果你要祷告，那就意味着你不能休息了。你的祷告时间应该算作你的休息时间。而你的休息时间只有15分钟，不是你想祷告多久就祷告多久的。
他已经没在这里工作了。
我还有一个来自孟加拉国的同事，他想打板球。但我们这里不打板球。他带来了所有的板球装备，但自从来到这里后，他一次比赛也没打过。
我们公司有一次聚会，我们订了披萨。有些人对我们订了意大利辣香肠披萨感到不满。但这就是美国，我们这里吃猪肉。

This is how it works in this country.
Lastly, you need to know something about how the economy works.
If you have a really awesome skill, you can make some great money here. But you need that really awesome skill.
If you don’t have a degree, and be really skilled…. LIFE WILL BE HARD.
We have people that come here, and all they can do is work in a warehouse.
You are going to be moving heavy boxes. You are going to be paid $13/hour. That’s $500 a week. Your rent is going to be $800 a month, and that’s for a 600 sq ft 1 bedroom apartment. Food is going to run you $300 a month. Heating, electricity, phone, easily $300 a month.
Starting to get the picture? Things are not cheap here. If you don’t have a really good job, with really good pay, your life will not be easy.
I’m not trying to talk you out of it, but you need to think realistically. The US streets are made of concrete, not gold. And people work for living.

这个国家的运作方式就是这样。
最后，你需要了解一些经济运作的常识。
如果你拥有一项非常出色的技能，你在这里可以赚很多钱。但你需要的是一项真正杰出的技能。
如果你没有学位，又不是非常擅长某项技能……生活将会非常艰难。
有些人来到这里，他们能做的只在仓库里从事体力活。
你可能需要搬运沉重的箱子，你的时薪可能是13美元。这意味着你一周能赚大约500美元。而你的租金可能就要800美元一个月，那还只是一个600平方英尺的一居室公寓。每月的食物可能要花费你300美元，暖气、电费、电话费，至少又是300美元一个月。
开始有点概念了吗？这里的生活成本并不低。如果你没有一份收入丰厚的好工作，你的生活将不会轻松。
我不是想劝你放弃，但你得现实一点。美国的街道由混凝土铺成，而不是由金子铺成。在这里，人们为了生计而工作。

Arnie Williamson
What are the options in migrating to US?
why on earth would you want to. Look at the UK, New Zealand, Australia and Canada. All have better quality of life, far lower crime, comprehensive social safety nets and tax funded health care.

移民美国有哪些选择?
你到底为什么要移民到美国。看看英国、新西兰、澳大利亚和加拿大。这些国家的生活质量更高，犯罪率低得多，拥有全面的社会安全网和税收资助的医疗保健。

James Lacey
How can I immigrate to America?
US masters in engineering or computer science, then optional practical training, then H1B visa, then Green Card (permanent residency). No guarantees, of course, but this is a common path.
Or marry an American.

我怎样才能移民到美国?
获得美国工程或计算机科学硕士学位，然后是可选的实践培训，然后是申请H1B签证，接着申请绿卡(永久居留权)。当然，不能保证，但这是一条常见的道路。
或者与一个美国人结婚。

原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处