英国有多腐败?

Alan Higgins
Undoubtedly there is corruption in the UK, but it is hard to find.
The common people do not appreciably suffer from corruption, police don’t run protection rackets, pay as you go roadblocks, or ‘negotiable’ traffic stops.
Banks, landlords and employers honour contracts. And the courts don’t operate ‘payola’.
Customs and border control officers do not have a till on their head.
But as always one man’s ‘keeping it amongst trusted friends’, is another man’s corruption.
The company ‘buyer’ tends to keep the free pens.

英国无疑存在腐败现象，但往往难以察觉。
普通人没有明显的腐败之苦，警察不会收取保护费，也不会设置路障或“可协商”的交通停靠点。
银行、房东和雇主都遵守合同，法院也没有贿赂行为。海关和边境管控人员不会索贿。但正如人们常说的，一个人所谓的"只在信任的朋友之间进行交易"，对另一个人来说可能就是腐败。
公司采购人员往往会把免费赠品据为己有。

Desmond Last
The U.K probably has the most sophisticated and developed endemic corruption in the World.
So much of the Government work has been contracted out to third parties and intermediaries that it no longer has any control of the integrity of its systems both at the system level and at the interaction of both financial management and financial transfer platforms.
Note: This also includes the transparency in the auditing and tracking of financial transactions within the U.K Financial and Banking Systems.
Unfortunately the Government and the Civil Service are managed by people who are not only technically incompetent but also intellectually challenged by the level and complexity of the fraud.
The U.K Police are too starved of resources to investigate corruption that is part of the system rather than apart from it.
Chief Constables have become figure-heads for the Government rather than meaningful managers. They do not seem able to understand the interaction of the fraud by group(s) who have taken over the secondary systems of U.K Government both National and Local.
The inability of the U.K Chief Constables to stop U.K cyber-crime is a good example of their ineptitude.
You only have to spend some time within the NHS to realise the waste and inefficiency at the Public Sector Level which compounds the widespread fraud and assists it.
The U.K is a gold mine for sophisticated modern financial fraud and it is costing the people of the UK billions in lost tax revenue both received and spent.
However in apathetic Britain it is eyes to the ground and do as you are told.
The People seem unaware of how much fraud there is and it will continue to increase unless the Law is applied equally to everybody.

英国可能拥有世界上最为成熟和根深蒂固的腐败体系。大量政府工作已外包给第三方和中介机构，导致政府无法有效监管其系统在结构层面以及在财务管理和资金转移平台上的诚信。这同样涉及到英国金融和银行系统中财务交易的透明度和审计追踪。不幸的是，管理政府和公务员队伍的人不仅在技术上不称职，而且在智力上也受到欺诈的程度和复杂性的挑战。英国警方因资源不足而无法深入调查系统内的腐败问题。警察局长更多地成为了政府的象征，而非有效的管理者，他们似乎无法理解那些已经接管了英国国家和地方政府次级系统的团体之间的欺诈行为是如何相互勾结的。英国警察局长在阻止英国网络犯罪方面的无能就是他们无能的一个很好的例子。只要在国家卫生服务系统（NHS）内部稍作观察，就能感受到公共部门的浪费和低效率，这不仅加剧了普遍存在的欺诈行为，并助长了这种行为。英国已成为现代金融欺诈的沃土，导致英国人民损失了数十亿的税收收入。然而，在英国这个冷漠的社会，人们只是低头走路，听从命令。人们似乎没有意识到欺诈行为的普遍性，除非法律对所有人都一视同仁，否则这种情况将持续恶化。

Paul Davies
I used to believe that the UK was pretty free of corruption and having worked in some interesting places in the world, I was well aware of how venal and destructive corruption is.
Then I became aware of how procurement works at the highest levels of UK society, especially the most senior civil servants who just cannot be held to account. There is no independent complaints procedure, so senior civil servants adjudicate on their friends who are senior civil servants. We do have a so-called independent Ombudsman, who, in my experience runs a mile if there is any idea that there might be a senior civil servant involved and just closes down any investigation. (In one case, without even mentioning what the complaint was about!) That’s it - no accountability, no scrutiny and no sanctions against any of them.
But if you knew that a so-called independent appeals service was run by people who actually made money if they turned down appeals - all this with the blessing of the Permanent Secretary in the Department for Transport, who appears to have a cosy relationship with one of the rail companies that provides this service for the government, and that the Cabinet Secretary rejected any suspicion of professional wrong doing in order to protect him - again without once mentioning what the complaint was about - then you might start to wonder. Of course no-one is suggesting that this is done for money for those senior civil servants. This is, however, highly corrupt.

我曾经认为英国没有腐败，在世界上一些有趣的地方工作过，我很清楚腐败是多么的腐败和破坏性。
但当我了解到英国社会高层，尤其是那些无法被问责的最高级公务员的采购操作后，我的看法发生了改变。这里没有独立的投诉机制，高级公务员可以对他们的同僚进行裁决。我们虽然有一个所谓的独立申诉专员，但据我的经验，一旦涉及高级公务员，他就会避而不谈，甚至在不说明投诉内容的情况下直接终止调查。
但你是否知道所谓的独立上诉服务是由那些拒绝上诉的人经营的，他们实际上是在赚钱——这一切都得到了运输部常任秘书长的支持，他似乎与一家为政府提供这项服务的铁路公司关系密切，为了保护他，内阁大臣否认了任何职业上的不当行为，同样不提投诉的具体内容，你可能会开始怀疑。当然，没有人说这些高级公务员是出于金钱动机而如此行事。然而，这种行为无疑是极其腐败的。

Steve Lambert
Generally not very. But we have a government at present with a particularly high level of corruption. Whether that's taking money and gifts for lobbying or setting up friends and family with government contracts. Started around the time Johnson took office. For a more detailed answer buy a copy of Private Eye. It's scary. But outside the politicians society works well without backhanders. Unfortunately the penalties, if they can be bothered to prosecute are overly lenient. Not really a deterrent.
It's also notable that I could not say that on the BBC website - the comment would be removed. So you have to question whether an independent news source has been compromised.

一般来说，情况并不乐观。但目前我们面对的是一个腐败程度极高的政府。无论是因为游说而接受金钱和礼物，还是为亲朋好友安排政府合同，这些问题大约始于约翰逊上台。想要深入了解，可以购买《Private Eye》杂志。它揭示的内容令人不寒而栗。但在政治圈外，社会没有暗中交易也能正常运作。遗憾的是，即使提起诉讼，处罚也过于宽容，缺乏足够的威慑力。此外，我在BBC网站上无法发表这样的言论——评论会被删除，这让人不得不怀疑，一个本应独立的新闻来源是否已经受到了影响。

Anonymous
I used to work for the food and environment research agency. We provided scientific advice on a.o. the safety of neonicotinoids for bees. All evidence is either inconclusive or suggests that they are not safe. However, we were under intense pressure to deliver the lip service ordered by the conservatives’ corporate sponsors. And Defra spun our already biased reports further. The lead scientist responsible for the work got a top job at anaagrochemical company shortly after having released the report.
Foreign environmental scientists know that they can't use British government reports for anything. For now, EU regulations assure that UK is governed partly based on evidence based policies.

我曾在食品与环境研究机构任职。我们提供关于新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂安全性的科学建议。所有证据都不足以下定论，或者表明这些杀虫剂并不安全。然而，我们受到了保守党企业赞助商的巨大压力，要求我们做出符合他们意愿的表态。环境、食品和农村事务部进一步曲解了我们已经有偏见的报告。负责这项研究的首席科学家在报告发布后不久，就获得了一家农化公司的高级职位。
国际上的环境科学家明白，他们不能依赖英国政府的报告。目前，欧盟的法规确保了英国在一定程度上依据基于证据的政策进行治理。
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Simon Bradbury
The UK is actually very corrupt indeed, but it is done in such a sophisticated way that most people don’t realise it is actually corruption…
I know someone who works at Transparency International and I’ve discussed with them why the UK comes so far down their index. They actually ended up agreeing with me that it should probably be much higher up the list, but the measures they use to make their index do not cover the sophisticated kinds of corruption seen in the UK.

英国实际上非常腐败，但它的腐败手段非常巧妙，以至于大多数人甚至没有意识到这实际上是腐败行为.
我认识一个在透明国际组织工作的人，我们讨论了为什么英国在他们的腐败指数中排名如此靠后。他们最终同意我的观点，英国的排名可能应该更高，但他们用来编制指数的衡量标准并没有涵盖英国所特有的那些复杂腐败形式。

Steve Prozor
Very.
Not so much, or at all, in the workings of the day-to-day state.
You'll not see many police, Council officials, environmental health officers etc. taking bribes. Indeed if you try to bribe them you may be on a lot of trouble. Magistrates and judges will tell anyone attempting to bribe tbem to fuck off.
In business? Well…. From within construction I can tell you of scam after scam, with those managers/supervisors in a position to do something about it bribed to look away. Example: civils contractor hires 5 or 6 lighting towers, at 10% over cost as admin fee. They only need 1. Come the longer Summer days they're still on site, unused. Much other kit is on hire and hidden aroundcthe site. Site manager who signs off on this has a nice little 5 star holiday in September, golfing in the Algarve. Paid for by civils guys.
At contract time for say a ￡150m build with the local authority as customer, the EPC is fairly sexted. However- their supply chain is appointed with an elastic approach to whatever thd ISO9001 management system says about procurement. Several individuals are very happy.
Is politicians taking lobbyist hospitality, or directorships, corruption?

非常腐败。
在日常生活和国家的日常运作中，情况并非如此。
你不会看到很多警察、市政官员、环境卫生检查员等收受贿赂。实际上，如果你试图贿赂他们，可能会陷入很大的麻烦。地方法官和法官会严厉拒绝任何试图贿赂他们的人。
在商业领域呢？嗯...以我所在的建筑行业为例，我可以告诉你有很多骗局，那些有权力采取行动的经理和监督员被贿赂而变得视而不见。例如：一个土木工程承包商租用了5到6个照明塔，按成本的10%收取管理费，而他们实际上只需要1个。随着夏天变长，这些多余的照明塔仍然闲置在工地上。许多其他设备也被租用并隐藏在工地周围。批准这种行为的工地经理在9月份享受了一个豪华的五星级假期，在阿尔加维打高尔夫，费用由平民支付。
在与地方政府签订的大约1.5亿英镑的建筑合同中，EPC（能耗证书）是经过公正选择的。然而，他们的供应链却对ISO9001管理体系关于采购的规定采取了灵活的态度，这让一些人非常满意。
政治家接受游说团体的款待或担任董事职位，这算是腐败吗？

Alfred Dominic Vella
How corrupt is the United Kingdom?
It will depend on what your definition of corruption is!
In the UK we make a big distinction between tax avoidance (legal) and evasion (illegal). However governments are beginning to understand that ‘aggressive avoidance’ whilst legal perhaps should be illegal. However this is mainly due to public pressure rather than any desire for fairness.
Only today do we here that the chancellor wants corporation tax to be lower, thus moving the tax burden away from the PLC and onto the citizens.
So it is with corruption, we perhaps have less clear corruption in terms of brown envelopes of cash finding their way into the pockets of the influential, but we do have lots of corruption that one might get away with in a court of law - if your solicitors are clever enough.
I came across an example of this only last week when a planning panel allowed permission for a cottage that was built in a different place from the permission originally given allowed. Not only did the ‘case officer’ omit relevant facts, make convenient mistakes and give false answers to the panel, she even brought planning consultants around unannounced to the house of an obxtor! One of the speakers was a policeman’s wife who was economical with the truth!
Our MPs have been found to cheat on their expense claims, a problem easy to solve by just giving them more money in the first place.
They are allowed to lie on their manifestos.
They are not held to account in their advertising during their campaigns.
I have seen forms of corruption in British universities.
My conclusion is that we have reduced corruption to a minimum by changing the rules so that much of it is legal, by turning a blind eye, and by having our ruling classes so tied up with each other that the distinction between doing your friend a favour and normal business is very blurred.

英国有多腐败？
这取决于你对腐败的定义是什么！
在英国，我们对税收规避（合法）和逃税（非法）进行了严格区分。然而，政府开始意识到，尽管“激进避税”在法律上可能是合法的，但也许应该是非法的。这主要是由于公众压力，而不是出于对公平的追求。
就在今天，我们听说财政大臣希望降低公司税，从而将税收负担从上市公司转移到公民身上。
对于腐败，我们可能没有明显的现金贿赂，但我们在法庭上确实存在很多可能被认定为合法的腐败行为——如果你的律师足够聪明的话。
我上周就遇到了一个这样的例子，一个规划小组批准了一个小屋的建设许可，而这个小屋的建造位置与最初批准的位置不同。不仅“案件官员”遗漏了相关事实，犯了适当的错误，并向小组提供了错误的答案，她甚至在没有通知的情况下带规划顾问去了一个反对者的家中！其中一位发言者是一位警察的妻子，她对真相有所保留。
我们的下议院议员被发现在报销申请上作假，这个问题其实很简单，一开始就给他们足够的钱就能避免了。
他们被允许在竞选宣言上撒谎。
他们在竞选期间的广告没有受到问责。
我在英国大学也看到了腐败的形式。
我的结论是，我们通过改变规则将腐败降到最低，使其中的许多行为变得合法，通过故作视而不见，以及由于我们的统治阶级彼此关系密切，以至于帮助你的朋友和正常事务之间的区别变得非常模糊。

Dominic Johnson
“How corrupt is the UK?”
Its complicated
The sort of, brown envelope with ￡50 in it, attached to forms, is unheard of, it just doesn’t happen
But, at a higher level, its endemic, in my local area, a significant number of the local elected officials, are employed by a local property group, which always seems to get its planning permissions waved through.
A neighbouring borough cancelled over a million pounds of land sales, and then auctioned the plots, at an in person auction, at the other end of the country, for ￡1,000, to family members of elected officials.
The UK has a serious problem with child trafficking and forced prostitution, there is a report on it, which the government refuses to release, because police and social workers were procuring the girls, trafficking them around the country, and arresting people who reported it.

“英国的腐败有多严重？”
这个问题很复杂。
把装有50英镑现金的棕色信封附在文件上这种事情，在英国是极为罕见的，实际上几乎不会发生。
但是，在更高层次上，腐败现象却很普遍。在我所在地区，许多地方选举出的官员都被一家本地的房地产集团雇佣，而这个集团似乎总能轻易获得规划许可。
邻近的一个自治市镇取消了100多万英镑的土地销售，然后在英国另一端的现场拍卖中，以1000英镑的价格将这些地块拍卖给了当选官员的家庭成员。
英国在儿童拐卖和强迫卖淫问题上存在严重问题，有一份被政府拒绝公开相关报告，因为警察和社会工作者在全国范围内参与拐卖女孩的业务，并逮捕报案的人。

Tony Bartlett
Does Britain have corruption?
The Attorney General is a political appointee who is supposed to give good legal advice to the Government. So he is accountable in the first instance to the government and then Parliament.
Judges are accountable to the Chancellor’s Department but they are largley autonomous. In their courts they are HM Queens representative and have free rein within the constraints of the law.
As has been said there will always be corruption wherever humans exist. I don’t think it’s as widespread as in some countries.

英国存在腐败问题吗？
司法部长是一个政治任命的人，他应该向政府提供良好的法律建议。所以他首先对政府负责，然后对议会负责。
法官们对财政部门负责，但他们在很大程度上是独立的。在法庭上，他们是女王陛下的代表，并且在法律允许的范围内拥有相当大的自主权。
正如人们所说，只要有人的地方，就会有腐败。我不认为英国的腐败问题像其他国家那样普遍。

Huw Jenkins
Contrary to many of the ridiculous comments below, corruption in the UK is pretty low by both international standards and judged by everyday experience.
I know many people living in the UK who come from other European countries and when I have asked them what they like about living here, the lack of corruption and general honestly of most people is something they - unprompted - generally mention.

与下面许多荒谬的评论相反，无论是按照国际标准还是根据日常经验来看，英国的腐败程度都相当低。
我认识许多来自其他欧洲国家、居住在英国的人，当我问他们喜欢这里的原因时，他们通常会主动提到这里腐败较少，人们普遍诚实。
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Ian Ryan
I think it rather depends on how you define corruption.
I work in the automotive industry in Europe and whilst I have only once been offered a substantial bribe (by a German supplier), some companies would shame the KGB with their tactics.

我认为这取决于你对腐败的定义是什么。
我在欧洲的汽车行业工作，虽然我只接受过一次大笔贿赂(来自一家德国供应商)，但一些公司的策略会让克格勃感到羞耻。
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Gregory Marthews
On the one hand we have a regular democratic vote for those in power. And on the other hand we have the tax havens as a remnent of Empire, which still brings in a stack of money.
At the same time my experience is a lack of local level corruption, so is the implication that corruption has been shifted upwards?
The tax havens provide a money laundering system to enable the free movement of money/capital which empowers those with the resources to pay, the opportunity to avoid the higher tax areas.

一方面，我们通过定期的民主投票来选举掌权者。另一方面，作为帝国遗留下来的避税天堂，仍然在不断地吸引大量资金。
同时，我的经验是，地方层面的腐败现象较少，这是否意味着腐败已经转移到了更高层次？
避税天堂提供了洗钱系统，使得资金/资本可以自由流动，这为那些有能力支付的人提供了逃避高税收区域的机会。