你对印度的种姓制度有什么看法?

Louis Stevens
The caste system in India is a social hierarchy that has been in place for centuries.
It is based on the principle of birth, and people are born into a certain caste and are expected to follow the rules and rituals associated with that caste.
The system is deeply entrenched in Indian society, and it can be difficult to break out of one's assigned caste.
I believe that the caste system should be abolished, as it creates division and inequality among people.
It is outdated and does not reflect the modern world we live in.

种姓制度在印度是一种社会等级制度，已经存在了几个世纪。
它基于出生的原则，人们出生在一个特定的种姓，并被期望遵守与该种姓相关的规则和仪式。
在印度社会,这个体系根深蒂固， 人们很难摆脱自己被分配的种姓。我认为种姓制度应该被废除，因为它在人们之间制造了分裂和不平等。它已经过时，不能反映我们所生活的现代世界。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Nikhil Anand
Casteism is a boon in Indian society and only reason why our country has not developed even after so many years of Independence. These days some people have started saying that “I belong to general category and I don't believe in casteism”. What rubbish is this!! If you seriously don't believe in casteism then remove your caste based surname (Sharma, Mishra , Gupta, Srivastava etc..) The truth is that casteism is in the veins of Indian people. Same caste people supporting each other and insulting people from lower castes. Even Brahmins have subcastes.. They also have hierarchy.. Here people shamelessly ask for your caste and if you tell them that you belong to some lower caste, they make bad faces and then distant themselves from you (I am telling you this based on my own experiences). Situation is worse in government departments. A forth grade employee will not greet you after knowing your lower caste.. even if you are a class one officer. Some people say that “Reservation is the reason of casteism” .. I want to ask them “ if reservation is removed, then.. will every Brahmin stop saying that he is a Brahmin??” Same applies for every people from higher caste. These people boast about their castes and think that they are superior just because they took birth as a Brahmin, Kshatriya etc. Reservation means some seats are reserved for deprived people. Generally in exams, people from depressed community are provided with lower marks in interview no matter they have scored well in written examination” if there were no reservation they will cast out all the people from SC/ST/OBC community giving them less marks in interview. People from certain community become “Pujaris” .. They earn money in the name of Shaadi, pooja, mundan etc.. they earn money even from a person's death .. asking for performing Pooja otherwise the deceased soul will not get peace!!!! What rubbish is this??? Such a huge reservation for such people in temples and other Hindu rituals. These thugs scare many illiterate people saying that “Grih Dasha” is not perfect and Rob them in the name of performing Pooja for pacifying “Grih Dasha”. If casteism has to be removed from our country, then caste based surnames and asking for caste should be criminalized.. if there is God somewhere, he/she didn't make caste system. God can't discriminate people. Only certain people have created this evil and tortured many people for thousand years. I am not “only” against caste based discrimination… I am against “caste system”.. why are you Brahmin.. Kshatriya.. Vaishya.. Shudra.. ?? Why even after so many years of technological development and now.. when we live in this age of science.. why people say that I am Sharma…Mishra.. etc.. even educated people do that.. I hope one day.. people will understand.. that categorising people is not a correct thing.. we all are humans.. we all are same.. we all deserve the same respect as a person.. and any barrier that creates difference is not good..

种姓制度是印度社会的福音，也是我们国家在独立这么多年后仍然没有发展的唯一原因。如今有些人开始说“我属于普通人，我不信仰种姓主义”。这是多么荒谬的言论！如果你真的不信仰种姓主义，那就请去掉你基于种姓的姓氏（如夏尔马、米什拉、古普塔、斯里瓦斯塔瓦等）。事实上，种姓主义已经深入印度人的骨髓。同种姓的人相互支持，却侮辱低种姓的人。即使是婆罗门也有自己的亚种姓，他们之间也有等级制度。在这里，人们会毫不羞耻地询问你的种姓，如果你告诉他们你属于某个低种姓，他们会露出不悦的表情，然后与你保持距离（我是基于自己的亲身经历这么说的）。在政府部门，情况更糟。一个四等职员在得知你的低种姓后，甚至不会向你打招呼——哪怕你是一位一级官员。有些人说“预留制是种姓制度产生的原因”。我想问他们，“如果取消了预留制度，那么每个婆罗门都会停止自称婆罗门吗？”这同样适用于其他高种姓的人。这些人夸耀自己的种姓，认为自己高人一等，仅仅因为他们生来就是婆罗门、刹帝利等。预留制度意味着为弱势群体保留一些席位。通常在考试中，来自被压迫社区的人在面试时，无论他们笔试成绩如何，都会被给予较低的分数。如果没有预留制度，他们在面试中会给所有预定种姓/预定部落/其他落后阶层群体的人打低分，将他们排除在外。某些社群的人担任起了“祭司”的角色。他们以婚礼、祈祷仪式、儿童剃头礼（Mundan）等宗教活动为名来赚钱。他们甚至在人们去世时也赚钱，要求家属为他们进行的祈祷仪式付费，声称如果不这样做，逝者的灵魂将无法得到安息。这是多么的荒谬！在寺庙和其他印度教仪式中为这些人预留了如此巨大的空间。这些恶棍通过声称“家庭运势”不佳来吓唬许多不识字的人，并以举行祈祷仪式来安抚“家庭运势”为借口，从而骗取他们的钱财。如果种姓主义要从我们国家消除，那么基于种姓的姓氏和询问种姓的行为应该被定为犯罪。如果真有上帝存在，他/她是不会创造种姓制度的。上帝不会歧视人。只是某些人创造了这种邪恶制度，并在数千年来折磨了许多人。我不仅反对基于种姓的歧视，我还反对“种姓制度”本身。为什么你是婆罗门、刹帝利、吠舍、首陀罗？即使在技术发展多年后的今天，当我们生活在科学的时代，为什么人们仍然说我是夏尔马、米什拉等，即使是受过教育的人也这样做？我希望有一天，人们会明白，将人们分类是不正确的做法。我们都是人类，我们都是一样的，我们都应得到同样的尊重，任何创造差异的障碍都是不受欢迎的。

Bongo Bani
We are the middle castes.
We neither have that caste pride like the Brahmins or kshatriyas because we don't have anything great to boast nor are we constantly opposing the caste system and the Upper caste “oppression “ like the so called lower castes or Dalits.
We fall in general category but I have got a seat in a satisfactory college so I don't have much to complain either.
It doesn't really “exist” for us because it is not influencing us and we aren't even trying to keep it in front of us like the upper and lower castes.
The lower castes cry about oppression and the upper castes cry about reservation. We do too but I empathise with the lower castes and sympathise for the upper castes. I fall in middle ground.(emphasise on the words “sympathise" and “empathise" and the difference)
There are so called dalits who are very anti Hindu and call Hinduism “evil" because of caste system.They also tease the savarnas. I obxt to this hate because I cannot leave Hinduism nor my lord Krishna. Yet I also see how “dalit “,”chamar “ are literally considered slangs and people condemn if somebody calls them so. They say they are oppressed because of the unjust constitution yet many of them own ancestral properties in different parts of India while most tribes and dalits don't.
It doesn't exist for me because it is not influencing me yet it is something which does really influence the system or at least appears to for many.

我们是中等种姓的人。
我们没有像婆罗门或刹帝利那样的种姓自豪感，因为我们没有什么值得夸耀的，也不会像所谓的低种姓或达利特那样不断反对种姓制度和高种姓的“压迫”。
我们被归为普通类别，但我在一所令人满意的大学获得了一席之地，所以我没有什么可抱怨的。
对我们来说，种姓制度并不真正“存在”，因为它并没有影响我们的生活，我们也不像上层和下层种姓那样总是把它放在面前。
低种姓的人抱怨受到压迫，而高种姓的人抱怨预留制度。我们也有同样的感觉，但我对低种姓的人表示同情，对高种姓的人表示理解，我处于中间立场。（请注意“同情”和“理解”这两个词及其含义上的差异）
有所谓的达利特，他们非常反印度教，因为种姓制度而称印度教为“邪恶”，他们也嘲笑婆罗门。我反对这种仇恨，因为我不能放弃印度教，也不能放弃我的主克里希纳。然而，我也看到“达利特”、“查马尔”实际上被视为侮辱性的词汇，如果有人这样称呼他们，人们会感到愤怒。他们声称自己因为不公正的宪法而受到压迫，然而他们中的许多人在印度各地拥有祖传的财产，而大多数部落和达利特却没有祖传的财产。
对我来说，种姓制度并不存在，因为它并不影响我，但它确实影响了整个体制，至少对很多人来说是这样。

Sampada
My opinion on caste system is based on the type of experiences I had in 20 years of my life.
This also means that my answer is not based on Hindu scxtures but modern day Hindus and their approach to caste system.
There have been several incidents of caste discrimination in my life which hits my conscience very hard.
I feel suffocated and helpless when my own family mocks the dialect, way of draping Saarees , way of cooking certain traditional dishes and so many other things practiced by non-brahmin communities.
It tears my heart when I think of the maid who was stopped by my mother from serving food to the Hindu priests who had come to do annual Pooja in our house.
My 13 year old self in secondary school was asked the “surname" before even asking my name to confirm that I belonged to a certain caste.
I realised that despite having a better rank in Goa talent search exam than all my classmates I am not eligible for scholarship.
I knew there is something about our surnames which is totally f*cking us all at times.

我对种姓制度的看法是基于我20年的人生经历。这也意味着我的答案不是基于印度教经文，而是基于现代印度教徒和他们对种姓制度的态度。我生活中多次遭遇种姓歧视，这些经历深深触动了我的内心。
当家人嘲笑社群的方言、穿着莎丽的方式、烹饪某些传统菜肴的方法和非婆罗门社区很多其它习俗时，我感到窒息和无助。每当我想起那个女仆，她被我母亲拦住，不让她给每年来我们家做普祭的印度祭司上菜，我的心就会流泪。
在我13岁的中学时期，人们甚至在问我的名字之前，就会先问我的“姓氏”，以此来确认我属于哪个种姓。我意识到，尽管我在果阿邦的人才选拔考试中排名比我所有的同学都高，但我却因为姓氏的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。我明白了，有时候正是我们的姓氏在某些时刻给我们带来了极大的困扰。

“Bhayle lok"( in konkani) which translates to “outside people" is a degenerate term used by people of my community to describe the non- Brahmin communities of Goa.
I have witnessed dramatic events wherein my several of cousins were disowned after their marriage to someone out of community.
Even though there is no physical violence due to such marraiges , the emotional trauma is enough to traumatize one's soul.
The girl of my age who hailed from forested area came to work in fields near our house.
I heard she was forcefully married to the someone of her tribe caste as she dared to fall in love with non-tribal person.

“Bhayle lok”（在孔卡尼语中意为“外来者”）是我家所在社区用来贬低果阿州非婆罗门群体的贬义词。
我亲眼目睹了多起戏剧性的事件，我的几位表亲在与社区外的人结婚后被家族除名。尽管这种婚姻没有遭受身体上的暴力，但情感上的伤害足以给人留下深刻的创伤。我听说，一位和我年龄相仿的女孩，因为爱上了一个非部落成员，而被强行嫁给了自己部落种姓的某人，她从森林地区来到我们家附近的田地里工作。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

I got to know that there are two types of catholic feasts occuring in my region at the same holy occasion —
One for “bamon" catholics and other high caste catholics.
Other for for lower catholic castes.
There have been several instants on quora where scholarly people have tried to explain to me that how caste system is a systematic distribution of people in various classes based on their karma without discrimination.
But my point is that the caste system has lost its original purpose, it has led to a deeply dividing ideology in our veins unfavourable for today's society.
Also pardon me, if this appears to be a rant coz quora is the only place I can speak about such topics..

我还了解到，在我所在地区，甚至在同一宗教节日，也会有两种天主教的庆祝活动——一种是为“白人”天主教徒和高种姓天主教徒举办的，另一种是为低种姓天主教徒举办的。
在Quora上，有多位学者试图向我解释，种姓制度是如何根据人们的业力，将人们系统地分配到不同的阶级中，而不涉及歧视。但我的看法是，种姓制度已经失去了它最初的意义，它已经成为了我们社会中一种根深蒂固的分裂性意识形态，对我们今天的社会是不利的。如果我的也请原谅我，如果这看起来像是在咆哮，因为quora是我唯一可以谈论这些话题的地方。

Ankit Anand
The caste system in India sucks all those belongs to Hindu society irrespective of their caste. I am writing this view according to the present modern society. Mostly innocent couples are crushed by this in case both are from a different caste. From my perspective is completely a hypothetical thing and also have no importance in modern society. Politicians want to keep the caste system alive as they are benefited by this because they get tonnes of votes by doing nothing.
For upper caste or general, it effects by the pain of reservation. I mean caste system is the creator of the reservation. think if there are no castes in Hinduism. Will, it leads to the caste-based reservation? Not!

在我看来，印度的种姓制度对印度教社会的所有成员都是有害的，无论他们属于哪个种姓。我根据现代社会的现状来表达我的观点。大多数无辜的夫妇因为种姓不同而受到打击。在我看来，这完全是虚构的，在现代社会没有任何意义。政治家们希望维持种姓制度，因为他们能通过这种方式获得大量选票，而他们实际上并没有做出任何实质性的贡献。
对于上层种姓或普通种姓的人来说，他们受到的影响是预留制度带来的痛苦。我的意思是，种姓制度是预留制度的根源。试想一下，如果印度教中没有种姓之分，还会有基于种姓的预留制度吗？不会！

For OBC people, it effects by lowering their status in front of upper caste people by doing nothing wrong. Yeah! It might surprise you if you are reading this answer from the USA or the UK.
For SC/ST it effects most. Because they have been tortured and humiliated for 5000 years because of this. It might happen in like you are not allowed to take water from well. You may not be allowed to eat with upper caste people.
There are tonnes of things that I can bring in this answer. But I worried it might feel tired to read such a big answer like me.
Lastly, I can say the caste system is Poisonous having nothing good.
Some people may ask me then what is the solution to this problem. The answer is Inter-Caste marriage.

对于其他落后阶层（OBC）的人来说，他们的影响是，在没有做错任何事的情况下，他们在上层种姓的人面前的地位被降低了。这可能会让你感到惊讶，尤其是如果你正在美国或英国阅读这个答案的话。
对于预定种姓/预定部落的人来说，他们受到的影响最大。因为他们已经因为这个制度被折磨和羞辱了5000年。你可能不被允许从井里取水，可能不被允许和上层种姓的人一起吃饭。
我可以举出很多这样的例子，但我担心这么长的答案可能会让读者感到疲倦。
最后，我想说的是，种姓制度是有害的，没有任何好处。有些人可能会问我，那么解决这个问题的办法是什么，答案是跨种姓婚姻。

Achyuth Hegde
Greetings. Since the question demands my opinion about the Caste System, I want to clear it out that the answer that I have is purely based on my experience and analysis, which is open for criticism, acceptance, appreciation and disagreement.
The way I have looked/look upon the rigidities and complexities of our Hindu culture, I don’t probably think or believe anyone would have any sort of unacceptance regarding it, mainly because of the ‘reasoning’ that convinces the significance of every act and thought of our great culture. We have always been told that the ancient India was far more ahead of times in terms of every aspect. The Indus valley civilization during centuries before Christ, Highly intricate and sophisticated architecture, Philosophies, Texts, etc. indicates that there existed brilliant, rational, and wise people, who were far ahead of their time. If it is so, then obviously there would not be any sort of inequalities prevailing in the society that would hinder the coexistence of diverse set of people and their community.
A lot of ancient texts and scxtures does mention about the inequalities and discrimination taking place during contemporary times then, however the reference or the origin from which the practices started matters more when we talk about the negative inferences of the caste system. The thought I consider more or follow more is from Bhagavad Geeta, which says

大家好,鉴于问题要求我谈谈对种姓制度的看法，我想先说明，我的回答完全基于我个人的经验和分析，我欢迎任何形式的批评、接受、赞赏或不同意。
我对印度教文化中的严格规定和复杂性有着自己的看法，我并不认为有人会对它持有不接受的态度。这主要是因为我们伟大的文化中每一个行为和思想背后都有其“合理性”。我们总是被告知，古代印度在各个领域都远远领先于时代。在公元前的几个世纪，印度河流域文明就展现了高度复杂和精细的建筑艺术、哲学思想和文献记载，这些都表明了古代印度有着智慧、理性且思想超前的人。如果真是这样，那么社会上显然不应该存在任何不平等的现象，阻碍不同群体和他们社区的和谐共存。
许多古代文献确实记录了当时存在的不平等和歧视，但当我们讨论种姓制度的负面影响时，更应关注的是这些做法的起源。我个人更倾向于《薄伽梵歌》中的观点，其中提到：

चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः ।
तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्धयकर्तारमव्ययम् ॥
and it translates to
“According to the three modes of material nature and the work ascribed to them, the four divisions of human society were created by Me. And, although I am the creator of this system, you should know that I am yet the non-doer, being unchangeable.”
Thus the Supreme being himself has mentioned in his verse that the divisions of social order were created based on the work and not on the birth. Brahmanas, having intellectual traits, being wise, calm, knowledgeable having the societal obligation of spreading knowledge; Kshatriyas, Those who fought for the their territories or were the guards of royal families or kings; Vaishyas, being the mercantile class mainly involved in trade, business, etc; And Shudras, as peasants, artisans, ‘Givers of grain’ as they are called in ancient texts.
Hence the notable thing in this piece of information is that; Your varna comes from Guna and Karma. Apart from the work assigned, the individual behavior with the involved thought process in them also was considered in categorizing people in different social orders.

“根据物质世界的三种性质和相应的职责，我创造了人类社会的四个阶层。尽管我是这个体系的创立者，但你应当知道，我本身是不参与其中的，因为我是永恒不变的。”
这段话的意思是，社会阶层的划分是基于工作属性，而非基于出生。婆罗门拥有智慧，他们冷静、有知识，肩负着传播知识的社会责任；刹帝利是战士，他们保卫领土或担任王室的护卫；吠舍属于商人阶层，主要参与贸易和商业活动；而首陀罗则是农民和工匠，他们在古代文献中被称为“粮食的给予者”。
因此，这段信息的核心要点在于：一个人的种姓是由其天生的品质和个人的行为决定的。在划分人们所属的不同社会阶层时，不仅考虑了分配给他们的工作，还包括了个人的行为和他们的思维过程。