第零次世界大战：1904-1905年日俄战争
World War Zero - The Russo Japanese War 1904-1905 (Documentary)
译文简介
日俄战争被称为第零次世界大战：这是两个世界大国之间的冲突，预示着10年后再次发生的工业规模的战争。像奉天战役这样的大规模陆战显示了现代军队冲突时人力和物资的真实成本，战争的海军方面显示了现代海军的战略重要性。
正文翻译
The Russo-Japanese War is nicknamed World War Zero - it was a clash between two world powers that foreshadowed war on an industrial scale as seen just 10 years later again. Gigantic land battles like the Battle of Mukden showed the true cost in manpower and materiel when modern armies clashed and the naval side of the war showed the strategic importance of modern navies.
日俄战争被称为第零次世界大战：这是两个世界大国之间的冲突，预示着10年后再次发生的工业规模的战争。像奉天战役这样的大规模陆战显示了现代军队冲突时人力和物资的真实成本，战争的海军方面显示了现代海军的战略重要性。
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One of the reasons Japan was able to develop into a strong country in the 30 years since it started modernization was the high literacy rate in Japan during the Edo period. In the 1700s and 1800s, Japan had the highest literacy rate in the world, and both the rural samurai and the urban common people were highly educated. No wonder they understood Western technology so quickly that they became brilliant engineers and workers.
日本在开始近代化的30年里能够发展成为强大国家的原因之一是江户时代日本的高识字率。在18世纪和19世纪，日本是世界上识字率最高的国家，农村武士和城市平民都受过高等教育。难怪他们这么快就理解了西方的技术，成为了杰出的工程师和工人。
Even in its isolation some Japanese scholars studied Western sciences through contact with Dutch traders for hundreds of years. Called Rangaku, or 'Dutch Learning'. While not widespread until the late 18th century, Japanese had much more extensive knowledge of subjects like chemistry, biology, physics, and engineering than many foreign contemporaries suspected.
即使在与世隔绝的情况下，一些日本学者也通过与荷兰商人的接触研究了数百年的西方科学。叫做“兰学”。虽然直到18世纪末才普及，但日本人在化学、生物、物理和工程等学科上的知识比许多同时代的外国人所猜测的要广泛得多。
When the Portuguese first discovered Japan, they reasoned not to subjugate the country because, as their artwork was so refined, they couldn't be considered heathens. However they did leave guns and Christianity...
当葡萄牙人首次发现日本时，他们不征服这个国家的理由是，其艺术如此精致，不能被视为异教徒。无论如何，他们确实留下了枪支和基督教…
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@onylra6265
Yes Sakamoto Ryoma and his pioneer were struggling to learn from the westerner. at beginning they want to have western medical knowledge then they break the Dymio Rules to go abroad. Japanese went to Europe, Malaya, Dutch East India (Now Indonesia) and United State to learn that the world is not small. Japanese been living under pressure of Samurai System for century and the kasta system really unpleasant to tell. No one talk about the farmer force to be foot soldier when the warlord decide go for War. The beautiful castle in Japan was made by farmer force labor. The samurai keep pressing the lower class and they got no where to go other die working for land lord. I think Japan pay a heavy price to free themselves and 2 atomic bombs was a mark of the end of arrogant and ignorant of themselves.
是的，坂本龙马和他的先驱努力向西方人学习。一开始他们想要掌握西方医学知识，然后他们打破大名的统治去国外。日本人去了欧洲、马来半岛、荷属东印度(现在的印度尼西亚)和美国，了解世界并不小。几个世纪以来，日本人一直生活在武士制度的压力下，日本的武士制度实在令人不快。当军阀决定发动战争时，没人谈论农民被迫成为步兵。日本美丽的城堡是由农民强迫劳动建造的。武士一直在压迫下层阶级，他们无处可去，只能为地主卖命。我认为日本为解放自己付出了沉重的代价，2颗原子弹标志着傲慢和无知的终结。
@MalaiischeIntelligez
Generally, sengoku daimyo (feudal lordand) and farmers had an employment relationship, and farmers who participated in wars or built castles were paid. Then, after Oda Nobunaga appeared, each feudal lord established a permanent army and farmers were able to concentrate on agriculture. Rather, the farmers volunteered to participate in the war for the spoils possessed by the fallen samurai. At the Battle of Sekigahara, the biggest war in Japan, many farmers watched the war from the hills near the battlefield with lunch boxes and stole the spoils from samurai who died after the battle ended. Also, from the 1600s, Japan became a peaceful society, and farmers were rarely involved in war or castle construction.
The misconception that foreigners like you tend to have is that the samurai class, as the overwhelming rulers, used to enslave and utterly suppress farmers, artisans and merchants. During the Edo period, commerce developed, and some rather wealthy merchant classes lived better than many samurai class people, while ordinary people in urban areas enjoyed popular culture. The common people enjoyed sushi, soba, ukiyoe, sumo and gardening.
Japan in the feudal era had the same system as other countries in the world, and it was not particularly ignorant or arrogant. It is totally inappropriate and ridiculous for you to refer to a war of aggression and two atomic bombs in the early 1900s while referring to long feudal Japan.
一般来说，封建领主和农民有雇佣关系，参加战争或建造城堡的农民会得到报酬。然后，织田信长出现后，每个封建领主都建立了一支常备军，农民们能够专注于农业。相反，农民们自愿参加战争是为了得到阵亡武士的战利品。在日本最大规模的战争——关原战役中，很多农民拿着饭盒在战场附近的山上观看战争，并从战斗结束后死去的武士那里偷走了战利品。此外，从17世纪开始，日本成为一个和平的社会，农民很少参与战争或城堡建设。
像你这样的外国人往往会有一个误解，那就是武士阶级，作为压倒性的统治者，曾经奴役和彻底镇压农民、工匠和商人。在江户时代，商业发达，一些相当富有的商人阶层比许多武士阶层的人生活得更好，而城市地区的普通人则享受着流行文化。老百姓喜欢吃寿司、荞麦面、浮世绘、相扑和园艺。
封建时代的日本和世界上其他国家的制度是一样的，它并不是特别的无知和傲慢。你提到20世纪初的侵略战争和两颗原子弹，同时提到长期封建的日本，这是完全不合适和荒谬的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
While European Colonizers such as Britain and Russia have already Colonized half of Asia, stretching from Australia/New Zealand, to Siberia/Far-East, all in the Asia-Pacific region; Native Asians themselves are fighting for a few tiny islands left out there in the South China Sea. Obviously something is not right here.
As a matter of fact, here in Singapore, a tiny island with 6 million souls lives like sardines in a can, whereas in nearby vast bountiful Australia which is ten thousand times 10,000 bigger with a mere 27 million inhabitants.
Similar situation in tiny and packed Japan, which is running out of space and land. Do you know that their living room and bedroom are the same place, and that most Japanese people sleep in their living room?
而欧洲殖民者，如英国和俄罗斯，已经殖民了半个亚洲，从澳大利亚/新西兰延伸到西伯利亚/远东，都在亚太地区；亚洲原住民自己也在为南中国海剩下的几个小岛而战。很明显有些地方不对劲。
事实上，在新加坡这个拥有600万人口的小岛上，人们的生活就像罐头里的沙丁鱼一样，而在邻近的广阔富饶的澳大利亚，它比新加坡大一万倍，却只有2700万居民。
类似的情况也出现在国土面积狭小的日本。你知道他们的客厅和卧室是同一个地方吗?而且大多数日本人都睡在客厅里。
Another reason is that Japan had own mathematics and science.
另一个原因是日本有自己的数学和科学。
She was also an imperialist power. We tend to ignore how imperialism siphons surpluses from its peripheries to the mother country. Often, we naively explain the prosperity of these imperialists countries in terms of their economics ingenuity.
她也是一个帝国主义大国。我们往往忽略了帝国主义是如何把盈余从外围吸到母国的。我们常常天真地把这些帝国主义国家的繁荣解释为它们在经济上的聪明才智。
@MalaiischeIntelligez
Oh.. Also if you gonna say that people are forced to do work to build castles slavery was abolished officially in Japan around mid 1500s, while yes some type of servitude are still practiced few decades afterwards it is not that different from other country. The official abolishment it self is way quicker than western slavery even! There was also a document discovered on how vassals should conduct themselves in and during a castle construction.
哦，此外，如果你要说人们被迫去做建造城堡的工作，奴隶制在16世纪中期左右在日本被正式废除，尽管某些形式的奴役在几十年后仍然存在，但它与其他国家并没有什么不同。官方废除奴隶制本身甚至比西方奴隶制还要快!还发现了一份关于封臣在城堡建造过程中应该如何行事的文件。
@nomastersnogods9303
The Japanese have a problem with low fertility. Cities outside of the big metro areas such as Tokyo and Osaka are shrinking. The countryside is full of deserted houses.
日本人有低生育率的问题。东京和大阪等大城市以外的城市正在萎缩。乡下到处都是废弃的房子。
@mmathrills7190
Portuguese could never "subjugate" Japan. Like a single clan from that period would slaughter any Portuguese invasion let alone if all clans united.
葡萄牙人永远无法“征服”日本。就像那个时期的一个部落可以屠杀任何葡萄牙入侵者，更不用说所有部落联合起来了。
@psycrofice
My grandfather joined this war for the Japanese because at that time it was Manchukuo and the land was dominated by Japan. He crossed the Heilongjiang(Amur River) and was wounded in the battle, when he woke up from the coma he knew he was rescued by a Russian family. He lived with that family for a while and get recovered, although the grandma did not want him to leave he still managed to back to his homeland. It's a pity that I did not have a chance to talk with my grandfather face to face since he left long before I was born. When I was watching this video there was only one thing in mind: My grandfather was there.
我祖父为日本人参加了这场战争，因为当时是满洲国，土地被日本统治。他渡过黑龙江(阿穆尔河)，在战斗中受伤，当他从昏迷中醒来时，他知道自己被一个俄罗斯家庭搭救了。他和那户人家住了一段时间，后来康复了，虽然（这家人中的）奶奶不想让他离开，但他还是设法回到了家乡。很遗憾，我没有机会和祖父面对面地交谈，因为他在我出生前就离世了。当我看这个视频的时候，脑子里只想着一件事:我祖父在那里。
OMG, this is my Grandpa's war. When the Russo-Japan War happened, he was a sailor of the Japanese Navy under Admiral Togo, specialized in decoding the Morse code of the enemy force caught in their transmission. That how he caught up and decoded the Russian Navy ships' communications for movements, and Japanese Navy won in the Battle of Port Arthur. Later he was given honorable medal and gifted a travel around Europe. It was his memorable story long long tome ago, even way before I was born. (I’m one of those Baby Boomers.)
天哪，这是我爷爷参与过的战争。日俄战争爆发时，他是日本海军的一名水兵，在Togo海军上将手下，专门破译敌军的莫尔斯电码。这就是他如何捕捉并破译俄罗斯海军船只的通信活动，从而帮助日本海军在亚瑟港战役中获胜。后来，他被授予荣誉勋章，并有幸环游欧洲。这是很久很久以前，甚至在我出生之前，他那令人难忘的故事。(我是婴儿潮一代中的一员。)
I learnt about the war briefly in history class, but we only really discussed the impact that it had on Russia and how it led to the 1905 revolution. Very interesting to see it explained in such detail.
我在历史课上简要地了解了这场战争，但我们只讨论了它对俄国的影响，以及它是如何导致1905年革命的。看到如此详细的解释非常有趣。
@michaelsinger4638
Japan managing to modernize and become a major world power in such a short amount of time, is truly impressive.
Also the parallels between the attacks on Port Arthur and Pearl Harbor later on, are pretty obvious.
日本能够在如此短的时间内实现现代化并成为世界主要强国，确实令人印象深刻。
亚瑟港袭击和后来的珍珠港袭击之间的相似之处也很明显。
@Aegor1998
The legal, official declaration of war came after the attack. Intercepting their coded communications does not count as getting an official declaration of war.
袭击发生后，美国正式合法宣战。拦截他们的加密通信并不意味着正式宣战。
More of a significant regional power than a world power
它更像是一个重要的地区大国，而不是世界大国
@user-ek3tn1mp4g
Japanese atrocities, war crimes and massacres are well engraved in the annals of world history! Conservative estimates still are as high 15 million dead victims of Imperial Japan. In Nanking alone, 300,000 were butchered by the Imperial Japanese Army
日本人的暴行、战争罪行和屠杀早已铭刻在世界历史的史册上!保守估计，日本帝国的受害者死亡人数仍高达1500万。仅在南京，就有30万人被日本帝国军队屠杀
@armandotalampas4800
So, Where is there sources ? lix or something please.
那么，信息源在哪里?链接什么的。
@RolfHartmann
Wish I could upvote Rolf more: Japan was the greatest power in its region, but it was nowhere near a world power, and Japan confusing the two is how it proved completely incapable of holding the territory it took.
希望我能多给Rolf点赞：日本是该地区最强大的国家，但它离世界强国还差得远，日本混淆了这两者，证明了它完全无法守住自己占领的领土。
@clvrswine4700
Stop crying. Japan and Germany are great nations with rich history and high culture.
别哭了。日本和德国都是伟大的国家，有着丰富的历史和高尚的文化。
@ChezJamesy
Interesting fact: like during WW1, the majority of Russian soldiers were not only conscxts, but conscxted from remote villages that consisted of countless former serfs.
This same demography of its army would lead to rapid politicisation of, not only the soldiers, but of the villages they came from; leading to what some argue as a third Russian Revolution (relating to landowners and agriculture) in 1917
有趣的事实：如同一战期间，大多数俄国士兵不仅是应征入伍的，而且是从由无数前农奴组成的偏远村庄征召来的。
同样的军队人口结构将导致迅速的政治化，不仅是士兵，还有他们来自的村庄；导致了1917年的第三次俄国革命(与地主和农业有关)。
Interesting parallel with Japan's 'sneak attack' on Russia's fleet in the east and Japan's sneak attack on US naval base in Honolulu, Hawaii in western Pacific. Some nations like the stealthy attack when you least expect it.
有趣的是，这与日本在东部对俄罗斯舰队的“偷袭”和日本在西太平洋对夏威夷檀香山的美国海军基地的偷袭相似。有些国家喜欢在你最意想不到的时候偷袭。
Great presentation of a rarely discussed or considered war.
这是一场很少被讨论或考虑的战争。
The thing I think you’re not addressing in this video is the fact that while Japan wasn’t fully industrialised they did have access to western science for the duration of the Tokugawa Shogunate through two ports Hakodate on Hokkaido, and Dejima just outside Nagasaki where the Dutch traded thus allowing some level of nominal influence for westerners
我想你在这个视频中没有提到的是，虽然日本还没有完全工业化，但在德川幕府时期，他们确实通过北海道的两个港口，以及长崎外的两个港口，获得了西方科学的知识，荷兰人在那里进行贸易，从而容许西方人在某种程度上产生名义上的影响