Despite being a huge manufacturing country – the biggest in the world, in fact – until recently, China has not been on the radar when it comes to car manufacturing. Chinese automakers have never gained global attention for their high-quality petrol or diesel cars, with other U.S., European or Asian automakers proving more popular. However, as China takes the lead on renewable energy operations, the country is heavily focused on electric vehicles (EVs), with the government and private firms pumping billions into research and development.

尽管中国是制造业大国，事实上是世界上最大的制造业国家，但直到最近，中国在汽车制造方面一直都没有受到关注。中国汽车制造商从未因高质量的汽油或柴油汽车而获得全球关注，相比来说美国、欧洲或亚洲的其他汽车制造商更受欢迎。然而，随着中国在可再生能源运营方面处于领先地位，该国高度关注电动汽车，政府和私营企业投入数十亿美元进行研发。

China accounts for around 28.7 percent of the global manufacturing output, followed by the U.S., at 16.8 percent. And yet, most people worldwide are far more aware of American car brands, with the U.S. earning $47.6 billion in car exports in 2020. But China is no longer focused on expanding its internal combustion engine (ICE) car market, as it directs its attention to EVs. Long before many other cities, in 2017, Beijing announced plans to ban the use of new ICE taxis, instead requiring any new taxi to be run on an electric battery, at an expected cost of $1.3 billion for the total conversion. This is not surprising considering that China has led the way in several types of green energy and related technologies, despite its continual reliance on fossil fuels for its domestic energy demand. And this is just one of the hundreds of initiatives that have given way to the rise of EVs.

中国约占全球制造业产出的28.7%，其次是美国，占16.8%。然而，世界上大多数人对美国汽车品牌的了解程度要高得多，2020年美国汽车出口收入为476亿美元。但中国不再专注于扩大内燃机汽车市场，而是将注意力转向电动汽车。早在许多城市之前，北京在2017年就宣布计划禁止使用新内燃机出租车，要求所有新出租车使用电动电池，预计总转换成本为13亿美元。尽管中国能源需求持续依赖化石燃料，但是考虑到中国在几种绿色能源和相关技术方面处于领先地位，这么做并不奇怪。这只是中国采取的许多举措之一，而这些举措带动了中国电动汽车制造业的崛起。

Several EV manufacturers have boomed in China in recent years, with around 450 EV makers registered. By mid-2022, the four biggest included BYD, valued at $149 billion, with a 27.9 percent market share, SGMW with a 10.1 percent share, Chery at 4.9 percent, and GAC with a share of 4.2 percent. The EV and hybrid manufacturer BYD has attracted greater attention in recent years, as the world’s biggest EV producer, overtaking Tesla to claim the title in July 2022. Warren Buffet is among its famous investors. BYD now plans to launch three new EV models in Europe in competition with some of Europe’s most prominent automakers’ offerings.

近年来，几家电动汽车制造商在中国蓬勃发展，注册成立的电动汽车制造商约有450家。到2022年年中，中国四家最大的汽车制造商分别是市值1490亿美元的比亚迪，市场份额为27.9%；市场份额10.1%的上汽通用五菱，市场份额4.9%的奇瑞，以及市场份额4.2%的广汽。电动汽车和混合动力汽车制造商比亚迪近年来吸引了更多的关注，2022年7月比亚迪超过特斯拉，夺得世界最大电动汽车制造商的头衔。沃伦·巴菲特是该公司著名的投资者之一。比亚迪目前计划在欧洲推出三款新的电动汽车车型，与欧洲一些最知名的汽车制造商展开竞争。

Despite the lack of global awareness of Chinese car brands, China overtook Germany to become the world’s second-largest car exporter in 2022, shipping 2.6 million vehicles in the first 10 months of the year. This has been supported by investments from the major automakers in their own ships, to transport their cars from China to other markets. BYD ordered six ships in October at a cost of $710 million, with a capacity for 7,700 cars. Meanwhile, state-owned SAIC Motor Corp. intends to purchase seven new ships to transport 8.900 vehicles.

尽管中国汽车品牌缺乏全球知名度，但中国在2022年超过德国成为世界第二大汽车出口国，今年前10个月的汽车出货量为260万辆。主要汽车制造商都在投资建造自己的船，将汽车从中国运往其他市场。比亚迪去年10月斥资7.1亿美元订购了6艘船，这些船可以装载7700辆汽车。与此同时，国有企业上汽集团计划购买7艘新船运输8,900辆汽车。

China’s biggest car export markets in the past have been concentrated in Africa and the Middle East. However, thanks to the rise of its EVs, it is beginning to develop export markets in North America and Europe, offering higher-end options than previously available from the Chinese market. In the first half of 2022, Western Europe accounted for around 34 percent of China’s passenger vehicle exports, with Belgium as the biggest importer. This is a trend that is set to continue as the global EV market continues to expand – with Europe leading this growth.

过去，中国最大的汽车出口市场集中在非洲和中东。而现在由于电动汽车的崛起，中国汽车开始开拓北美和欧洲市场，为中国提供了更加高端的市场选择。2022年上半年，西欧市场占中国乘用车出口的34%左右，比利时是最大的进口国。随着全球电动汽车市场的不断扩大，这一趋势将继续下去——而欧洲将引领这一增长。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


With Chinese automakers having risen to compete with the likes of Tesla in recent years in China, many of these manufacturers believe they can compete with other major car makers such as Volkswagen and BMW, which have only just begun their foray into EV development. Most European automakers continue to manufacture ICE vehicles, with strong demand for fossil fuel-powered cars expected to continue until city and country bans come into place, starting in 2030. This means that very few car makers are focusing solely on the development of their EV models and markets. By comparison, heavy subsidies from the Chinese government have made it possible for Chinese EV manufacturers to emerge quickly and become highly competitive with foreign rivals.

近年来，随着中国汽车制造商崛起，并与特斯拉等公司展开竞争，许多中国汽车制造商相信，他们可以与大众和宝马等大型汽车制造商一争高下。而这两家车企刚刚开始涉足电动汽车。大多数欧洲汽车制造商将继续生产内燃机汽车，预计在城市和国家从2030年开始实施禁令前，化石燃料汽车的强劲需求仍将持续。这意味着，很少有汽车制造商只专注于电动汽车车型和市场的开发。相比之下，中国政府的大量补贴使中国电动汽车制造商得以迅速崛起，并与外国对手展开强有力的竞争。

And while European manufacturers have the advantage of close access to the European market, as does Tesla thanks to its first European factory in Berlin, China is a manufacturing giant when it comes to electric batteries – providing around 75 percent of the world’s total – and other EV components. It is also the biggest lithium producer in the world, offering around 60 percent of the world’s lithium – a vital component in electric battery manufacturing.

尽管欧洲制造商在欧洲市场近水楼台，就像特斯拉在柏林的第一家欧洲工厂一样，但在电池和其他电动汽车零部件方面，中国仍旧是制造巨头(占世界总量的75%左右)。中国也是世界最大的锂生产国，提供了世界上大约60%的锂，锂是电动电池制造的重要组成部分。

Recent estimates from Fitch Solutions suggest that the share of Europe’s EV market from Chinese automakers could increase to 15 percent in 2025, from around 5 percent in 2022. This is largely thanks to their low-price offerings, which many European manufacturers simply cannot compete with. But can this boom last? Ana Nicholls, director of industry analysis at the Economist Intelligence Unit, explains: “It's hard to see how the EV market can carry on expanding at quite this rate in the future.” And other Asian, European, and North American automakers are rapidly rising to compete with major EV makers, with plans to release several new EV models in the coming years. As demand rises, so will supply, and competition will become fiercer. But, for now, China looks likely to lead the way in the EV market in the coming years.

惠誉解决方案最近的估计显示，中国汽车制造商在欧洲电动汽车市场的份额可能从2022年的5%左右增加到2025年的15%。这在很大程度上要归功于中国的低价产品，许多欧洲制造商根本无法与之竞争。但这种繁荣能持续下去吗?经济学人智库行业分析主管安娜·尼科尔斯解释说:“很难想象未来电动汽车市场如何以这样的速度继续扩张。”其他亚洲、欧洲和北美的汽车制造商正也迅速崛起，与主要的电动汽车制造商竞争，并计划在未来几年推出几款新的电动汽车车型。随着需求的增加，供给也会增加，竞争也会变得更加激烈。但就目前而言，中国很可能在未来几年引领电动汽车市场。