美国全年有24小时的水电供应吗?
Does the USA have 24 hour electricity and water supply throughout the year?
译文简介
网友：在美国，我们认为这是理所当然的。我住的地方距离怀俄明州的一个小镇12英里（约20公里），大多数人认为那里是一个未开发或接近荒野的地区。然而，我们仍然拥有不间断的电力。我们有一口井来取水......
正文翻译
Does the USA have 24 hour electricity and water supply throughout the year?
美国全年有24小时的水电供应吗?
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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Here in the United States we take this for granted. I live 12 miles (roughly 20km) from a small town in Wyomng, in what most people would consider an undeveloped or near wilderness area. Yet we still have uninterrupted power. We have a well for our water.
It really surprised me that when I got out of Beijing in China into a smaller city, we only had hot water certain hours each day.
Then when I went to India, I was surprised how often the power was off.
I never experienced these outages in Europe and did not expect them in Asia but apparently, not every in enjoys uninterrupted power and water services.
在美国，我们认为这是理所当然的。我住的地方距离怀俄明州的一个小镇12英里（约20公里），大多数人认为那里是一个未开发或接近荒野的地区。然而，我们仍然拥有不间断的电力。我们有一口井来取水。
当我离开了中国的北京，来到了一个更小的城市，我们每天只有几个小时有热水，这真的让我很惊讶。
然后当我去印度时，我很惊讶停电的频率。
我从未在欧洲经历过这些停电问题，也没想到会在亚洲发生，但显然，并不是每个国家都能享受不间断的电力和供水服务。
In the US, is there a constant electricity supply for 24 hours throughout the year?
The United States is a very large place. I can only answer for myself in general. My power has only blxed off for a few seconds a time or two in the past year or so. A two hour outage happened a few years ago. It is not unheard of for power to be off for days and even weeks if the storms are bad enough. These range from hurricanes along the coast, tornadoes, wind, lightning and even snow storms have all made life difficult at times for the rest of us. An occasional reckless driver has interrupted power for some people in the past as well.
在美国，一年中是否有24小时的恒定电力供应？
美国很大，我只能为我自己回答。在过去的一年左右，我的电源只闪烁了一两秒钟。几年前发生过一次两小时的停电。如果风暴足够严重，断电几天甚至几周的情况也不是没有发生过。从沿海的飓风、龙卷风、风、闪电，甚至暴风雪，这些都让我们其他人的生活有时变得困难。过去，偶尔一个鲁莽的司机也曾中断过一些人的电力。
Yes. Nearly 100% of the US (and by that, I mean well over 99%) has access to electricity and water 24/7/365. There are isolated areas of the country that do not, but generally speaking, if you live anywhere near a city, town, or rural community, you have both.
The electric and water grids for the country are also very reliable. Barring a natural disaster, such as a hurricane or tornado, or damage to the wires leading to one's home, electricity is almost never unavailable, and even then, outages typically last a few minutes. As just an example, I have experienced one electrical outage this year (as of September 2014), and it lasted roughly 30 seconds during a heavy rainstorm. Water is even more reliable--the only time I've ever had a loss of water access was due to pipe repair, and that's usually not done on an emergency basis (i.e., people get plenty of advance notice to plan for a few hours of inconvenience).
对，几乎100%的美国人(我指的是超过99%的美国人)一年四季都能用上水和电。这个国家有一些孤立的地区没有通水电，但一般来说，如果你住在城市、城镇或农村社区附近的任何地方，水电会都有。
该国的电网和供水网也非常可靠。除非发生自然灾害，如飓风或龙卷风，或通往家中的电线受损，否则电力几乎永远不会中断，即使如此，停电通常也会持续几分钟。作为一个例子，我今年（截至2014年9月）经历了一次停电，在一场大暴雨期间，停电持续了大约30秒。水甚至更可靠——我唯一一次失去供水渠道是因为管道维修，而这通常不是在紧急情况下进行的（即，人们会提前得到足够的通知，以为几个小时的不便做好计划）。
Yes, almost universally.
Any disruption in the supply of electric power or running water is most likely due to local failures in the distribution network, rather than supply limitations. These failures are most often caused by damage from weather (high wind, ice storms, etc.) or other unpredictable damage (trees falling, car crashes).
For a typical suburban or urban residential electrical supply in the USA, I would estimate it is between 99.999% and 99.99% reliable (between 5.26 and 52.6 minutes per year of downtime). Water supply is probably even more reliable, because the supply pipes are better protected underground, and there are fewer catastrophic failure modes. Of course, a brief interruption in water supply would likely go unnoticed by anyone not immediately using the water; electric lighting and computers, etc. make electrical failures more noticeable.
是的，几乎是普遍的。
电力或自来水供应的任何中断都很可能是由于配电网的局部故障，而不是供应限制。这些故障通常是由天气（大风、冰暴等）或其他不可预测的损坏（树木坠落、车祸）造成的。
对于美国典型的郊区或城市住宅供电，我估计其可靠性在99.999%至99.99%之间（每年停供时间在5.26至52.6分钟之间）。供水可能更可靠，因为在地下的供水管道得到了更好的保护，灾难性故障模式也更少。当然，供水的短暂中断可能不会被没有立即用水的人注意到;电气照明和计算机等使电气故障更加明显。
In China, is there constant electricity supply for 24 hours throughout the year?
I turned to my Chinese friend and asked. This is the conversation.
Me: When was the last time you lost electricity
Her: Lost electricity? I don’t understand.
Me: When was the last time that the government stop supplying electricity.
Her: When?
Me: yes.
Her: The last time they need to fix something. They cut the electricity. Fix it.
Me: When was that?
在中国，全年有24小时不间断的电力供应吗?
我转向我的中国朋友问道，这就是对话：
我：你上次停电是什么时候
她：停电了？我不明白。
我：政府上次停止供电是什么时候。
她：什么时候？
我：是的。
她：他们最后一次需要修理东西，切断了电源，修复它。
我：那是什么时候？
Me: Burnt? …
Her: [looks up on phone] short circuit. But this is very rare. Did you forget to pay the electricity? forget to pay for your light at home so now the lights don’t turn on.
Me: No. Nothing like that.
Her: Then why you ask.
Me: No reason.
Her: I think the last time was in 2005. do you know why? Too many people turn on their Air-Con and there is not enough electrcity. So the government build more power plants. Do you know __________. It is very famous.
Me: (doesn’t reply. too busy typing up this answer)
Her: Three gorges hydro electric…
Me: Three gorges dam. In English it is just called “three gorges dam”
她：越来越少发生这情况了。最后一次发生是什么东西烧焦了。
我：烧焦…
她：（抬头看电话）短路吧，但这是非常罕见的。你忘记交电费了吗?在家里忘记交电费，所以现在灯都不会亮。
我：不，没有。
她：那你为什么要问。
我：没什么理由。
她：我想上一次是在2005年。你知道为什么吗？太多人打开了空调，但没有足够的电。所以政府建造了更多的发电厂。你知道__________吗。它非常有名。
我：（没有回复。太忙了，正在输入答案）
她：三峡水电…
我：三峡大坝。在英语中，它被称为“三峡大坝”。
In America, is there a constant supply of electricity for 24 hours each day throughout the year?
Originally Answered: In America, is there constant electricity supply for 24 hours throughout the year?
I have lived in the US for more than 30 years. I can only speak for my own experience. In that 30 years, I have lost power less than 10 times. Each time, there was usually a thunderstorm or some sort of natural weather that caused the outage. Each time, power came back in less than an hour.
在美国，全年每天都有24小时不间断的电力供应吗?
最初回答：在美国，一年中是否有24小时的不间断的电力供应？
我在美国生活了30多年。我只能为自己的经历说话。在那30年里，出现过不到10次电力断供。通常每次断供都会有雷雨或某种自然天气导致停电。每次都在不到一小时内恢复供电。
As others have stated almost all Americans have constant supplies of water and electricity. Because of this, when there is an interruption, many people have a hard time dealing with it.
I live on the coast of Long Island Sound. After Hurricane Sandy came through we were without power for close to three weeks. After a couple of days the grocery stores reopened but with minimal generator power they were only able to sell staple goods that did not need refrigeration.
Many people evacuated and stayed out of the area until power returned.
We had a small generator and made out okay, but I suspect someone from a country where power is normally intermittent might have wondered what all the fuss was about.
正如其他人所说，几乎所有美国人都有稳定的水电供应。正因为如此，当有干扰时，许多人都很难处理它。
我住在长岛海峡的海岸。桑迪飓风过后，我们停电了将近三个星期。几天后，杂货店重新开张，但只有最低的发电机功率，他们只能销售不需要冷藏的主食。
许多人撤离并离开该地区，直到电力恢复。
我们有一台小型发电机，运转良好，我怀疑提此问题的人来自一个电力通常断断续续的国家，我想知道这有什么大惊小怪的。
In America, is there a constant supply of electricity for 24 hours each day throughout the year?
For the most part, yes.
10+ years ago, there was a storm that caused a glitch in the system and some large parts of several states lost power for as long as a week. It was considered a national disaster.
There are regularly thunderstorms, snowstorms and hurricanes that take out power in certain places. These storms happen less than once a year, power is out for typically less than 3 hours, and it only happens in maybe 10% of the states.
In very high temperatures, some of the warmer states have brownouts because so many people are running air conditioners. These only last during the hottest part of the afternoon, and only in a small number of cities, and usually only for a day or two.
All of these problems are because the United States is really big and there is always a storm or construction somewhere. Most people only see about 5 minutes of outage per year.
在美国，一年中每天24小时都有不间断的电力供应吗？
大部分情况下，是的。
10多年前，一场风暴导致系统出现故障，几个州的一些大部分地区停电长达一周之久。这被认为是一场全国性的灾难。
某些地方经常会有雷暴、暴风雪和飓风，导致电力中断。这些风暴每年发生不到一次，停电时间通常不到3小时，而且只在大约10%的州发生。
在非常高的温度下，一些较温暖的州出现了停电，因为有太多人在开空调。这些只在下午最热的时候发生过，而且只在少数城市持续断供，通常只持续一两天。
所有这些问题都是因为美国实在太大了，总是有风暴或建筑在某处。大多数人每年只能经历大约5分钟的停电。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Of course.
However, I have impression that US have more and longer electricity outages due to extreme weather than European countries. This may be because of simply more extreme weather, and because of smaller portion of distribution network being underground (big country). But still, that amounts to at most few hours of outage per year on average.
I guess that water supply is even more reliable, even in drought hit areas like California.
当然
然而，我的印象是，与欧洲国家相比，美国因极端天气而停电的时间越来越长。这可能是因为美国天气更极端，也可能是因为配电网的一小部分在地下（大国）。但是，这意味着平均每年最多只有几个小时的电力断供时间。
我想，即使在加利福尼亚等干旱地区，供水也更加可靠。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
If the United States lost all electricity for 24 hours, what do you think the aftermath would look like?
Northeast blackout of 2003 - Wikipedia
This blackout covered about 45 million people over large parts of the Northeast and 10 million in Canada and lasted several days not 24 hours. My area was blacked out 4–5 days.
Lots of things happened obviously, check the wiki, but it wasn’t a catastrophe. Gas stations didn’t work. Industries that had their own cogeneration got shut down too, including autoplants.
People adapted to no traffic lights pretty well, taking turns at major intersections, traffic was lighter because most businesses had to just shut down. After several days I drove about 50 miles to find a working gas station.
Just 24 hours would be much milder than this. More than a week or 10 days would start to get much tougher. It would have been much worse in the winter.
如果美国断电24小时，你认为后果会是什么样子?
维基百科：2003年东北大停电
这次停电覆盖了东北部大部分地区约4500万人，加拿大约1000万人，持续了几天而不是24小时。我所在的地区被封锁了4-5天。
很明显发生了很多事情，看看维基吧，但这并不是一场灾难。加油站无法提供加油服务。拥有自己热电联产的行业也被关闭，包括自动发电厂。
人们很好地适应了没有红绿灯的情况，在主要路口轮流通行，交通更加顺畅，因为大多数企业不得不关闭。几天后，我驱车约50英里找到了一个可以加油的加油站。
仅仅24小时就会比这温和得多。超过一周或10天，生活情况就会变得更加艰难，冬天情况会更糟。
"In 2011, Americans experienced a combined 104,406 hours of power outages across the country (4,435 incidents), up 67 percent in just three years. Our 6,400 power plants and 18,150 generating units have about 99.97 percent reliability. The dark time equals about 26 seconds per day, every day – enough to cost businesses and families billions each year, from lost productivity to melted ice cream."
Source: North American Electric Reliability Corporation
Apparently we only get 23 hours, 59 minutes and 34 seconds of power per day.
Outages not from shortages but everything from weather and vandalism to broken equipment.
“2011年，美国全国共停电104406小时（4435起事故），在短短三年内增长了67%。我们的6400座发电厂和18150台发电机组的可靠性约为99.97%。每天的黑暗时间约为26秒，足以让企业和家庭每年损失数十亿美元：从生产力下降到冰淇淋融化。"
资料来源：北美电力可靠性协会
显然，我们每天只有23小时59分34秒的电量。
停电不是因为短缺，而是从天气、破坏到设备损坏的这些原因引起。
How is the quality of life in Canada compared to Germany?
I grew up in Germany and lived in Canada for a few years.
I’d say the quality of life differs a lot. Not in terms of “good or bad”, but in terms of how life actually is in the many details that define the experience of living.
Your home in Canada will be of much lighter build than your German home would be. Houses, to me, always seemed flimsy in Canada, built from materials and in techniques Germans would not employ on their quest to build things that qualify for the slogan “my home is my castle”. Timber frx construction with weatherboard is very common in Canada, whereas Germany still banks on bricks and concrete ceilings. But Canadian homes are often roomier than German ones, and the heating is much better.
Your car in Canada will come from the somewhat limited pool of available models on the North American market. After some initial excitement over the many cool American cars I had never seen before, it dawned on me that many of the more progressive and interesting cars available in Europe simply don’t feature in Canada. You are stuck with pretty mediocre, automotive stodge. There is a whole class of interesting, small Mercedes-Benz, BMWs, and Audis that never made it to North America.
与德国相比，加拿大的生活质量如何？
我在德国长大，在加拿大生活了几年。
我想说生活质量有很大不同。不是用“好与坏”来衡量，而是用生活中许多定义生活体验的细节来衡量。
你在加拿大的家将比你在德国的家轻得多。在我看来，在加拿大的房子总是显得很脆弱，用的材料和技术都是德国人在追求建造符合“我的家就是我的城堡”口号的东西时不会使用的。在加拿大，木材框架建筑和防水板非常常见，而德国仍然依靠砖块和混凝土天花板。但是加拿大的房子通常比德国的更宽敞，而且暖气也好得多。
你在加拿大的汽车将是来自北美市场上有限的可用车型。在对我以前从未见过的许多酷炫的美国汽车感到兴奋之后，我突然意识到，欧洲许多更先进、更有趣的汽车根本没在加拿大上市。你陷入了相当平庸的汽车垃圾中。有一整类有趣的小型梅赛德斯-奔驰、宝马和奥迪从未到过北美市场。
Your work will feel more gentle than in Germany. The underlying high pressure and hard words spoken in German work contexts are mercifully absent in Canada. You may feel at times that people are less effective than in Germany at work, but it’s a price I personally am happy to pay to have a pleasant working day.
Winter features more prominently in Canada. In Germany, winters are mild and spring-like these days, but in Canada, you need to factor it into your clothing and driving much more.
When I returned to Germany after a few years of living in Canada, I was overwhelmed by the variety, sophistication, depth, breadth, and loveliness of the offers of the man-made world.
Canada charms with wilderness. Germany charms with the built environment.
你在加拿大的朋友似乎比你在德国的朋友更容易相处；你可能更倾向于把他们看作熟人。但它会感觉更和谐，即使有些相距遥远。作为朋友，加拿大人比德国人更礼貌、更疏远，即使他们对你来说是陌生人时也显得非常平易近人。
你的工作会比在德国更轻松。幸运的是，加拿大没有德国工作环境中潜在的高压和难听的话。有时你可能会觉得人们的工作效率不如德国，但我个人很乐意为愉快的工作日付出一切。
冬天在加拿大更为突出。现在德国的冬天很温和，像春天一样，但在加拿大，你需要把冬天这个环境考虑到你的衣服和驾驶中。
在加拿大生活了几年后，当我回到德国时，我被人造世界所提供的各种各样的、复杂的、深刻的、广泛的和可爱的东西所征服。
加拿大因荒野而迷人，德国因建筑环境而迷人。
If no one is working in the United States, how will we get water and electricity?
The old-fashioned way, of course. You've got a couple of foolproof options. They worked for centuries before anything resembling modern-day utility companies ever came into existence.
Rain dance. Get a couple of big-ass barrels and whatever buckets and drums you can rustle up. Then get some eagle feathers (symbolizing wind) and some polished bits of turquoise (symbolizing rain). Spin clockwise at a slow and steady pace, chanting as you do so (singing “Let It Rain” by Eric Clapton works too). Don't forget to raise your hands to the sky occasionally to persuade the rain to fall. Inside half an hour you'll have all the fresh water you need, I guarantee it. Any problems, take it up with the Great Spirit.
Animal sacrifice. Once you've finished covering the roof of your house with as many lightning rods as you can practically fit up there, put a big slab of rock in your backyard, find the biggest and fittest-looking goat you can track down, cut its throat, and let it bleed out on top of the rock. Then pray to the gods to send you fire. The thunder gods will hear your devout prayers and strike your house with as many lightning bolts as are necessary to fill up the high-capacity batteries stored in large banks in your basement and connected to the lightning rods by thick insulated cables. (If a handsome shirtless man with an irrational fear of birds shows up at your door with a burning torch, tell him there's been a mistake and send him on his way.)
And there you have it! Post-apocalypse water and electricity, brought to you by the power of prayer and interpretive dance.
如果在美国没有人工作，我们将如何获得水和电?
当然是老式的方法。你有几个万无一失的选择。在类似现代公用事业公司出现之前，他们已经工作了几个世纪。
雨舞。找几个大桶，随便找什么桶和鼓。然后准备一些鹰的羽毛(象征风)和一些抛光的绿松石(象征雨)。以缓慢而稳定的速度顺时针旋转，一边旋转一边念诵(唱埃里克·克莱普顿(Eric Clapton)的《Let It Rain》也可以)。别忘了偶尔向天空举起双手，说服雨下下来。半小时内你就能喝到你需要的淡水，我保证。任何问题，都可以向伟大的神灵提出。
动物献祭。一旦你用尽可能多的避雷针覆盖完房子的屋顶，在你的后院放一块大岩石，找一只你能找到的最大、最健康的山羊，割开它的喉咙，让它在岩石上流血而死。那就祈求诸神赐火给你。雷电之神会听到你虔诚的祈祷，用足够多的闪电击中你的房子，这些闪电足以填满你地下室的大容量电池，并通过厚厚的绝缘电缆与避雷针相连。（ (如果一个英俊的光膀子的男人非理性地害怕鸟，拿着燃烧的火把出现在你的门口，告诉他弄错了，让他走开。)
现在你知道了!后启示录时代的水和电，通过祈祷和诠释舞蹈的力量带给你。
What would happen if Canada stopped supplying electricity to the USA?
It would be a very bad situation for everyone involved.
If it happened suddenly the northeastern United States would be in turmoil. Imagine what the lives of 30M people would be like without electricity after 7 days. Massive food spoilage, civil unrest, no internet :). The world's financial markets not available. People would start dying.
The US government would consider this a major national security event and react accordingly. Expect military action.
If the stopping of electricity was announced with notice, it still would be a major crisis, with rationing until the US was able to reconfigure its power grid and infrastructure.
Canada would be in a world of pain as well. Hydro Quebec, Manitoba Hydro and BC Hydro are billions and billions of dollars in debt. Without export revenues, they will go into bankruptcy beginning a chain reaction of governmental financial meltdown.
Thankfully this isn't going to happen.
如果加拿大停止向美国供电，会发生什么？
这对所有参与者来说都是非常糟糕的情况。
如果这件事突然发生，美国东北部将陷入混乱。想象一下，7天后，3000万人的生活会是什么样子：大规模的食物腐败，内乱，没有互联网。世界金融市场不可用，人们会开始死亡。
美国政府将认为这是一个重大的国家安全事件，并作出相应反应。期待军事行动。
如果提前通知停止供电，那将是一场重大危机，在美国能够重新配置其电网和基础设施之前，将实行限电。
加拿大也将陷入一个痛苦的世界。魁北克水电公司、马尼托巴水电公司和卑诗省水电局(BC Hydro)负债数十亿美元。如果没有出口收入，它们将陷入破产，引发政府金融崩溃的连锁反应。
谢天谢地，这不会发生。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Do you regret moving to Perth?
Been here twelve years and have seen a couple of ups and downs in economic cycles. There was no train line to Mandurah when we arrived so saw that develop, open and flourish. The train line north has also been making its way further as the years have progressed. Roe highway has become a bit of a political football but in my view is a missed opportunity for WA and could have been accomodated with environmental sensitivity. A few weeks after emigrating we headed down to the local mall to find it closed on a Sunday which was a rewind to the late seventies when people still did their personal banking on a Saturday morning, quaint but inconvenient. I was pleased coming back from a weekend away to see WA’s wonderful wildflowers last Sunday to see the car park at that exact same shopping mall almost full to capacity. Not all is good, the price of coffee is annoying as is a beer and the price of a meal out compared to eastern states but overall the quality of life is good especially when you add in Perth’s good facilities like good roads, fantastic bike paths, numerous clubs and facilities, fantastic parks and kids play equipment as well as the Swan and Canning Rivers that are the focal point of my daily commute. As a migrant do I regret moving to Perth? Based on my personal experience, the answer is no regrets.
你后悔搬到珀斯（澳大利亚城市）吗？
在这里工作了12年，经历了几次经济周期的起起伏伏。当我们到达曼杜拉时，没有火车线路，所以看到了它的发展、开放和繁荣。随着时间的推移，这条向北的铁路线也在往更远的方向发展。罗伊高速公路已经成为一个政治足球，但在我看来，这是西澳错失的一个机会，本可以与环境敏感性相适应。移民几周后，我们去了当地的购物中心，发现它在一个星期天关闭了，这让我们回到了70年代末，那时人们仍然在周六早上办理个人银行业务，虽然很奇怪，但很不方便。上周日，我周末去西澳看了美丽的野花，回来后很高兴看到同一家购物中心的停车场几乎爆满。并不是所有的都很好，咖啡的价格和啤酒的价格都很恼人，与东部各州相比，一顿饭的价格也很高，但总体上生活质量很好，尤其是当你考虑到珀斯有良好的设施，比如良好的道路、美妙的自行车道、众多俱乐部和设施，梦幻般的公园和儿童游乐设备，以及天鹅河和坎宁河，这是我每天通勤的重点。作为一名移民，我后悔搬到珀斯吗？根据我的个人经验，答案是不后悔。
Do you get 24 hours water supply and electricity where you live? If no, then why not?
Yes, I do, live in the US where clean water and electricity is in abundance due to a fairly massive electricity grid as well as vast amounts of plumbing for delivering clean water throughout the whole country continuously. I’m happy I grew up in a fairly large first-world powerhouse of a country. And if a certain section of the electrical grid needs to be shut down? No worries, just re-route the power around the nonfunctional section even if it has to take a slightly longer path to reach its destination. If it fails due to damage, backup generators take over and supply the electricity needed to run essential systems until the grid is back up and running again. Clean water is supplied in one of many ways in the US, either with the help of utility companies, naturally as snow up in the mountains starts melting and the resulting water is ran through a purification system to make it safe to use, or water is collected from the oceans and desalinated and purified. If there’s a drought, no worries, the US is prepared for that by conserving and recycling water by any means necessary.
你住的地方有24小时的水电供应吗?如果没有，为什么不呢?
是的，我有，我住在美国，那里有大量的清洁水和电力，因为一个相当庞大的电网，以及大量的管道，可以持续向全国输送清洁水。我很高兴我成长在一个相当大的第一世界强国。如果电网的某个部分需要关闭呢？不用担心，把电力转到非功能区就行了—即使要走稍长的路才能到达目的地。如果它因损坏而故障，备用发电机将接管并提供运行基本系统所需的电力，直到电网恢复运行。在美国，净水的供应方式有很多，其中之一是在公用事业公司的帮助下，当山上的积雪开始融化时，产生的水经过净化系统，以确保安全使用，或者从海洋中收集水并进行淡化和净化。如果发生干旱，不用担心，美国已经做好了准备，会采取任何必要的手段保护和循环用水。