调查显示：70%的日本初中教师越过了“过劳死”的危险线
70% of Japan''s junior high teachers crossing ''death by overwork'' danger line: survey
译文简介
日本70%以上的初中教师每月加班超过80小时，这是过劳死的临界线
正文翻译
TOKYO -- Over 70% of junior high school teachers in Japan are putting in more than 80 hours of overtime per month -- the threshold for determining death by overwork, results of an independent survey show.
东京——根据一项独立调查的结果显示，日本70%以上的初中教师每月加班超过80小时，这是过劳死的临界线。
The survey conducted by researchers including Ryo Uchida, a professor at Nagoya University's graduate school, also found that one in three elementary school teachers who reported working 40 hours or more per week said they had been asked by their managers and others to underreport their work hours.
调查由包括Ryo Uchida教授在内的人员进行，他是名古屋大学研究生院教授，他们还发现，三分之一的小学教师表示每周加班40小时或更长，他们曾被上司要求少报工作时间。
调查由包括Ryo Uchida教授在内的人员进行，他是名古屋大学研究生院教授，他们还发现，三分之一的小学教师表示每周加班40小时或更长，他们曾被上司要求少报工作时间。
A separate 2016 survey on teachers' working conditions conducted by the education ministry found that around 30% of elementary school teachers and 60% of teachers at junior high schools worked more than 80 hours of overtime per month.
2016年教育部另一项关于教师工作状况的调查发现，约30%的小学教师和60%的初中教师每月加班超过80小时。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
2016年教育部另一项关于教师工作状况的调查发现，约30%的小学教师和60%的初中教师每月加班超过80小时。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The survey also uncovered rampant demands from managerial staff for teachers to underreport their work hours. When questioned if they had been asked to rewrite their work records to make it appear as if they had worked less overtime during the past two years, 16.6% of respondents replied that they had. When restricted to teachers who worked 40 or more hours of overtime in a week, 32.7% of elementary school teachers and 24.4% of junior high school teachers said they had received such requests. In addition, 43% of elementary school teachers said they "do not accurately report" their weekend work hours.
调查还发现，管理人员强烈要求教师少报工作时间。当被问及他们是否被要求改写工作记录以显得他们在过去两年中加班很少时，16.6%的受访者说是。当范围限制在每周加班40小时或以上的教师时，32.7%的小学教师和24.4%的初中教师表示他们受到过这类要求。此外，43%的小学教师表示，他们“没有准确填写”周末的工作时间。
调查还发现，管理人员强烈要求教师少报工作时间。当被问及他们是否被要求改写工作记录以显得他们在过去两年中加班很少时，16.6%的受访者说是。当范围限制在每周加班40小时或以上的教师时，32.7%的小学教师和24.4%的初中教师表示他们受到过这类要求。此外，43%的小学教师表示，他们“没有准确填写”周末的工作时间。
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A spokesman for the ministry of education expressed anger at this report, commenting "Why are 30 per cent of teachers slacking off?"
教育部发言人对这份报告表示愤怒，评论道“为什么有30%的教师偷懒？”
This seems so real it's depressing.
看起来太真实了，让人沮丧。
Just want to give some context to why this is so difficult to change.
I'm in a rural area and schools are slowly closing down as the population dwindles. So many teachers have been brought back out of retirement because there's a teacher shortage. Everyone in charge in the board of education are 60+ men and won't listen to anyone. They won't make any big changes or risky decisions that will jeopardize their cushy boy's club and are just holding out until retirement. They even have a rule where you're not allowed be a vice principal until you've passed a certain age. And its old...
Leaves no room for young talent or decent leadership to come in and improve the status quo.
All of the municipal schools are completely run down with no budget to be able to plan or do anything or to be able to move ahead. They're basically frozen in time its kind of surreal.
Not just that but I've gotten to learn how toxic some of the parent and PTA culture can be here. They shirk a lot of responsibility onto the teachers and will openly shame and complain about the slightest thing. This makes the school nervous to do anything or upset anyone. I can't imagine it would be easy to go home early (or be allowed to have a life) in that kind of environment.
给大家讲一下为什么这很难改变。
我住在农村地区，随着人口减少学校正在慢慢关闭。由于缺少教师，很多已经退休的教师又被请回来。教育部的负责人都是60多岁的人，他们谁的话都不听。他们不会做任何危及他们轻松工作的大改变或冒险决定，而是就这样坚持到退休。他们甚至有一条规定，在你到一定年龄之前不允许担任副校长。
完全没有给年轻人才或领导留下改善现状的空间。
所有的市立学校都在走下坡路，完全没有预算去做计划，也无法继续发展。它们基本上被时间冻结了，这有点魔幻。
不仅如此，我还了解到家长和家长教师协会文化简直有毒。他们把很多责任推卸给了老师，哪怕最微小的事情都会公开抱怨。这让学校很紧张，不敢做事也不敢让谁不高兴。在这样的环境下，我无法想象早回家会是件容易的事。
I've heard teachers in some country (maybe Italy or Brazil) just didn't show up, and then the government raised the pay, which improved the situation. I think Japanese teachers should do the same if the situation continues to be THIS crazy while ministries and courts don't give a F*.
我听说一些国家（可能是意大利或巴西）的教师不去上课，然后政府提高了工资，这改善了状况。我认为如果情况继续这么糟糕下去而政府部门和法院却不重视的话，日本教师也应该这样做。
Protesting or joining unxs are frowned upon in this country. They wouldn't do that in a million years.
在这个国家，抗议或加入工会是不被接受的。他们永远不会这么做。
My kid just entered middle school, with extra-curricular activities, she's pretty much at school every single day. The teachers doing the activities are the math teachers, the science teachers, etc. they have no holidays.
While the f***ers at kasumigaseki complain that they only receive stipend of 1 million yen a month, teachers are literally not at home with their kids, because these idiots limit the school budgets.
我的孩子刚上中学，有很多课外活动，她几乎每天都在学校。带活动的老师是数学老师、科学老师等，他们没有假期。
当教育部里的混蛋抱怨他们每个月只有100万日元的工资时，老师们完全没时间在家陪他们的孩子，因为这些白痴限制了学校的预算。
It should be noted he was referring to his TAKE HOME pay, not his gross pay. He makes 1,700,000 a month before taxes.
要注意的是，他指的是实得工资，而不是总工资。每月税前收入170万。
Have you been to the Kasumigaseki ministry of education at night, like at 11 PM to 1 AM? You can see a line of hundred taxis lined up even during the emergency declaration period. I'm sure some of these guys work 100+ hours in overtime.
你有在晚上11点到凌晨1点去教育部吗？即使在紧急状态期间，也能看到上百辆出租车排成的长队。我敢肯定，其中一些人加班100多个小时。
Yeah but that's because incompetent politicians call on 2AM to give homework that needs to be solved by the next morning.
是的，但那是因为无能的政客在凌晨2点要求布置家庭作业，需要在第二天早上之前解决。
I love how they do surveys and research every year and have known the current situation for years. Then do nothing and change nothing.
We've tried nothing and we're all out of ideas.
他们每年都做调查和研究，多年来一直知道现状。但什么也不做，什么也不改变。真是让人暖心。
我们什么都没试，完全没想法。
Well, that would cost money and its just not in the budget. Please understand.
deep bow
请理解，那是要花钱的，而且不在预算之内。
深鞠躬。
Those are university professors who do the survey. They have no power. It's mostly the incompetent bureaucrats in MEXT who do nothing about it.
Those are cowards who don't do shit because change means taking risks. Maybe they fear losing money for sleeping with girls in Ginza clubs?
做调查的是大学教授。他们没有权力。文部省的无能官僚对此无所作为。
那些胆小鬼什么都不做，因为改变意味着冒险。也许他们害怕没钱去银座的俱乐部和女孩睡觉？
How is this a thing even though the number of kids to teach is decreasing?
学生的数量在减少还有这种事？
Local School boards want classrooms as close to 40 as possible so they can reduce the number of teachers since their budgets are getting slashed as well.
当地学校董事会希望教室尽量有40个学生，这样他们就可以减少教师的数量，因为他们的预算也在大幅削减。
Because the workload keeps increasing.
There was an article in the newspaper a few years back about overtime. Japanese JHS teachers worked the most overtime in the world, with the majority of those polled in Japan saying that less than 60% of the time spent working was spent on teaching our lesson preparation.
So what do they spend so much time on? Endless meetings, homeroom duties, club activities, events like the sports festival/cultural festival, etc.
And in Japan, while it's easy to pile on tasks, taking them away from teachers is hard. Once precedent is set, it's hard to go back. Even for me (ALT), the workload I've been doing has been increasing over the years. If only my salary increased in an equal measure...
因为工作量在增加。
几年前报纸上有一篇关于加班的文章，说日本初中教师的加班时间是世界上最长的，大多数受访者表示，教学和备课的时间不到60%。
那么他们那么多的时间都花在哪了呢？没完没了的会议、社团活动、班主任职责、体育节/文化节等活动。
在日本，增加工作容易，要减少却很难。一旦有了先例，回头就很难了。对于我，这些年来我的工作量一直在增加。要是我的工资能同样的增加就好了…
It mentions "80 hours of overtime per month". So assuming a 40-hour workweek being standard, does that mean the line for "death by overwork" is 60 hours per week?
文章提到“每月加班80小时”。 那么假设每周工作40小时是标准，是否意味着“过劳死”的标准是每周工作60小时？
tl;dr Pretty much yes.
The "death by overwork" line is a reference to Article 36 of Japan's labor law that prohibits working more than 80 hours of overtime beyond the legally recognized 40 hour work week for more than a month (so if you work 90 overtime hours in Jan, you can't work more than 70 overtime hours in Feb). Additionally, there are essentially no circumstances in which a worker can exceed 100 hours of overtime in a month. Note: this all only applies to staff - managerial employees can work as much as they want.
So the only way this is possible is by intimidation by the schools on the teachers to not properly record their time worked (also illegal, btw)
基本上是的。
“过劳死”线参考日本劳动法第36条，禁止在每周法定工作40小时的基础上加班超过80小时超过一个月（所以，如果你在1月加班90小时，那么在2月的加班时间不能超过70小时）。另外，工人在任何情况下不得在一个月内加班超过100小时。注意：这只适用于员工——管理层爱怎么加怎么加。
因此，唯一可能的是学校威胁老师要求他们不要正确记录自己的工作时间（顺便说一句，这也是违法的）。
Meanwhile, courts: "those overworked hours don't count because they're just doing hobby activities."
同时，法院：“那些过度工作的时间不算数，因为他们只是进行业余活动。”
Yeah the budget for the education system is pathetic. Old run down schools, a lack of technology, overworked and underpaid staff. That’s just the stuff you can see at a glance. It can’t be so difficult to fix surely.
是的，教育系统的预算很可怜。破旧的学校，缺乏技术，工作过度，工资过低。这是一眼就能看到的东西。要改起来不可能这么难。
I get paid more than some of the teachers I work with, yet they’re at the school longer, with greater duties, dealing with tougher situations than me on a daily basis. It baffles me how meager their pay is.
我的工资比和我共事的一些老师高，而他们在学校的时间更长，责任更重，每天都要处理比我更困难的情况。我很困惑他们的工资竟然这么低。
I find this hard to believe, assuming you're some sort of ALT.
They get overtime, bonuses, and all sorts of benefits.
By the hour you probably make more, though
假设你是某种助教，我觉得很难让人相信。
他们还有加班费、奖金、还有各种各样的福利。
虽然按小时计算，你可能赚得更多。
Hours worked vs pay probably. I remember leaving school as early as lunch time when I had no afternoon classes. I kinda miss those days lol.
可能是工作时间vs工资。我记得我在午餐时间前就可以离开学校，那时我没有下午课。我有点怀念那些日子哈哈。
I knew a teacher who routinely put in 12 hours days. She’d arrive at 7:00 and leave at 7:00. Not because she wanted to, or because she had a lot lessons to plan and paperwork to grade, but rather she was stuck doing endless amounts of additional shit that teachers in the US would never in a million years be expected to do.
March came around and she straight up quit. The final straw was because her 8 year old son had the flu, and instead of being able to take care of him, she had to visit each of the potential high schools her students wanted to go to and retrieve information for them.
I honestly don’t why people even want to be a teacher in Japan.
我认识一位老师，他每天都要工作12个小时。她7点到，7点离开。不是因为她想这样，也不是她有很多课程要准备，有很多作业要批改，而是被无穷无尽的额外工作困住了，这些工作是美国老师永远也不会去做的。
到了三月，她直接辞职了。最后一根稻草是她8岁的儿子得了流感，她无法照顾他，还要去她学生想去的每一所高中为他们检索信息。
老实说，我不明白为什么人们想在日本当老师。
I’m a teacher and have visited a Japanese HS in an academic tour after which our head, privately, used the word “dilapidated” to describe not the particular school but the Japanese education system as a whole
我是一名教师，在一次学术之旅中参观了一所日本高中，之后我们的负责人私下用“破旧”一词来描述日本的教育体系，而不是某一所学校。
Lack of education funding in this country is criminal.
One reason we went back to private for my son's high school years.
缺乏教育资金是犯罪行为。
我儿子上高中时，这就是我让他去私立高中的一个原因。
No surprise there. Now lets see results of other sectors and compare them with the people working in politics.
不奇怪。看看其他部门的情况，再与政界人士进行比较。
Doesn't that pretty much just apply to everyone in Japan, not specifically teachers?
日本所有人不都是这情况吗，并非独独老师是这样。
I guess that means gradually less and less teachers in the future. Although, less and less children so....
我想这意味着未来教师会越来越少。虽然孩子也越来越少…