网友讨论：什么是中等收入陷阱？
What is the Middle Income Trap?
译文简介
网友：具有讽刺意味的是许多资源丰富的国家觉得没有必要对人力资本进行投资，因为他们依赖出口自然资源创造财富，从而陷入中等收入陷阱或陷入所有资源都被少数人群控制的寡头政治之中。而没有自然资源的国家被迫发展人力资本，投资教育，基础设施和研发，从而更有可能避开中等收入陷阱......
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网友讨论：什么是中等收入陷阱？
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The irony is that many resource rich countries do not feel the need to invest in their human capital because they can rely on their exports to bring wealth into the country, and thereby fall into a middle income trap or worse an oligarchy where all the resources are controlled by a few. The countries with no natural resources are forced to develop their human capital, invest in education and infrastructure and research an development, and are more likely to have dodged the middle income trap.
具有讽刺意味的是许多资源丰富的国家觉得没有必要对人力资本进行投资，因为他们依赖出口自然资源创造财富，从而陷入中等收入陷阱或陷入所有资源都被少数人群控制的寡头政治之中。而没有自然资源的国家被迫发展人力资本，投资教育，基础设施和研发，从而更有可能避开中等收入陷阱。
@nocrtname you do know Singapore doesn't have natural resource wealth and has more than doubled the GDP per capita versus Finland right
你知道，新加坡没有自然资源，但它的人均gdp是芬兰的两倍
@Nadeem Ahmed Singapore per capita GDP is 65k, finland is 48k, so your assertion is a bit off. Although Finland is rich in natural resources, but it did not fall into the middle income trap
Singapore's success (through investing in infrastructure and human capital) is due in large part to Lee Kuan Yew, who was a world class statesman and set the country on the right path for generations. It's unfortunate he didn't have a larger platform to work with because I think if he did, the world would be a better place.
新加坡的人均gdp是65000美元，芬兰是48000美元，所以你说的并不对。芬兰虽然有丰富的自然资源，但它没有掉入中等收入陷阱
新加坡的成功在很大程度上要归功于李光耀（通过投资基础设施和人力资本），他是世界级的政治家，使国家几代人都走上了正确的道路。遗憾的是，他没有更大的舞台施展才华，因为我认为如果他的舞台更大的话，那么这个世界会变得更加美好。
@nocrtname singapore is overrated.......i rather be a resource rich country like norway or australia.......high gdp doesnt necessarily mean the population is rich....just alot of money is parked here by corporations and billionaires because of low taxes and tax havens but the population is poorly paid......
our people worked for decades to make this country rich but all the wealth goes to the top,the rich poor gap in singapore is massive.......0.459 vs australia 0.34 or japan 0.32 or taiwan 0.33.....or norway 0.27 or finland 0.27.....
新加坡被高估了，我宁愿自己国家是像挪威或澳大利亚这样资源丰富的国家，gdp高并不意味着人们就富裕，很多公司和亿万富翁之所以将钱放在新加坡是因为这里税收很低，是避税天堂，但新加坡人工资却很低。
我们人民工作数十年让这个国家富裕起来，但所有财富都流向了顶层，新加坡贫富差距非常大，这里的基尼系数是0.459，澳大利亚为0.34，日本是0.32，台湾地区是0.33，挪威是0.27，芬兰0.27
@Jon T First of all, everyone would rather have a resource rich country. You don't get to choose, you have to work with what you've got. Second, almost everyone in the entire world feels they are not sufficiently compensated for the amount of work they put in. Third, if Singapore had resources (and didn't have LKY), chances are it would be less like Australia and Finland, and more like Malaysia. Or actually, just a province of Malaysia and subservient to KL, since Singapore never would have gotten the boot if there were natural resources on the island.
首先，每个人都希望生活在一个资源丰富的国家。你无法选择，只能尽可能利用手中拥有的资源。第二，世界上几乎每个人都觉得自己的付出没有得到充分的回报。第三，如果新加坡拥有资源（但没有李光耀），它不太有可能成为像澳大利亚或芬兰这样的国家，而更有可能会成为像马来西亚这样的国家。或者新加坡会成为马来西亚的一个省，从此以后要听命于吉隆坡，因为如果新加坡有自然资源的话，就不会被马来西亚踢出局了。
我们现在正在讨论的是人均GDP，因为这是衡量中等收入陷阱的一个指标。我同意人均收入这个指标在衡量国家富裕程度上并不完美，所以让我们来讨论一下收入中位数和基尼系数。我不确定你说的0.459指的是什么。2020年新加坡税后基尼系数为0.35，比三年前略微下降。澳大利亚的基尼系数为0.32，和新加坡几乎是一个水平。挪威和芬兰在0.24和0.25左右。美国是0.43，所以新加坡的贫富差距比美国小得多。2019年新加坡月中位数收入为4364美元，一年几乎是55000美元，而澳大利亚是23000美元，美国是43000美元。
让我们来说说作为新加坡人可以获得哪些好处。新加坡拥有世界上最好的公共教育体系之一。这里的税率很低，而且拥有世界排名前三的营商环境。新加坡是世界上犯罪率最低的国家之一，这里没有毒品泛滥的问题，而且几乎不会发生自然灾害。你可以选择在学校学习英语和普通话，这使得你今后几乎在世界任何地方工作。而且新加坡公民的住房还有政府补贴。你们还有世界级的公共交通系统，而且价格便宜，可靠且准时。你们还有世界级的医疗保健系统，拥有世界上最好的设备和医生。真的，你还要奢求什么呢？不管去什么国家生活，总会有一些遗憾的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
So South Korea, Japan, and Singapore. Those countries have no natural resources but invested in education and now are high income.
韩国，日本，和新加坡都是这样的。这些国家没有自然资源，但他们投资教育，现在都成为了高收入国家。
@Jon T I'm sure you wouldn't like to live in resource rich countries like Venezuela and Perú
我肯定你不会喜欢生活在资源丰富的国家的，比如委内瑞拉和秘鲁。
IKEMEN Osaka-ben!【大阪弁】
嗯，这是一个难题。富人和中等收入群体之间的差距正在不断扩大，因此中等收入群体也正在被推向相对贫困的境地
Not true most middle income country is growing and high income country doesn't have any growth
不是这样的，大部分中等收入国家正在增长，而高收入国家却停滞不前
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
This is talking about middle income countries not middle classes within high income countries.
这里在讨论的是中等收入国家，而不是生活在高收入国家的中产阶级。
Middle-income countries are growing faster than high-income countries.
中等收入国家的发展速度要快于高收入国家
1. Macro econ policy: fiscal + monetary
2. Institution and rules of law
3. Education, human capital, innovation
宏观经济政策：财政政策和货币政策
制度和法治
教育，人力资本，创新
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Global resources are limited and therefore, so is wealth. Printing more money doesn't mean more wealth. The only way lifestyles can improve is with the advancement of technology.
Also, global economy is like a zero sum system. In order for some to be rich, some have to be poor. And of course, the rich countries won't make it easy for the poorer countries to garner their wealth.
全球的资源是有限的，因此财富也是有限的。印更多的钱并不意味着创造了更多的财富。唯一可以提高生活方式的办法就是发展科学技术。
而且全球经济就像是零和博弈一样。一些人为了过上富裕的生活，就必须让其他一些人贫困潦倒。当然，富裕国家是不会那么容易让穷国积累财富的。
Not everyone can be high income because if everyone is high income then high income is not high income anymore.
不是每个人都可以获得高收入的，因为如果每个人都有高收入的话，那么高收入就不再是高收入了。
This is similar that there are always poor people and rich people in the world
就像世界上总有穷人和富人一样
A reminder...At least 55 of the top US companies paid $0 in taxes last year.
提醒一下去年美国至少55家顶级企业没有缴纳一分税
I think investing heavily in IT sector can help countries to avoid middle income trap.
我认为大力投资信息技术产业可以帮助国家避免中等收入陷阱
Look at India
看看印度
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@WattledOak25 What ?
I don't understand your point.
什么？我不明白你的意思
@Kaneki Ken India is booming with the help of IT services
在信息技术服务的帮助下，印度正在蓬勃发展
Stability. Education. Rule of law.
稳定，教育还有法治
Education is main reason why poverty is raising
教育是导致贫困增加的主要原因
@God king are you joking?
你在开玩笑吧
I think nation get middle income trap when rely on manufacturing. They need companies that can compete with rich nations. Some nations grow higher skill labor to be closer to be rich nation. For example Mexico is increasing its high skilled labor force which is helping it be richer. also they right next to USA. I think we push Mexico to be richer.
我认为依赖制造业的国家会陷入中等收入陷阱。他们需要可以和富裕国家竞争的企业。一些国家培养高技能劳动力，以便让自己进一步成为富裕国家。比如，墨西哥正在增加自己的高技能劳动力，这正在帮助墨西哥变得更加富裕。而且墨西哥靠近美国，我认为我们正推动墨西哥变得更加富裕
mMexico is not getting richer at all, it is like Argentina one country that was once high income , drop to the the middle and stay trapped in middle many decades . lol
墨西哥根本没有变得更加富裕，他就像是阿根廷一样，曾经是高收入经济体，但后来跌落到中等收入陷阱之中并被困几十年。
Russia is a good example of middle income trap, Brazil as well
俄罗斯是中等收入陷阱的一个极佳案例，还有巴西也是
Include India
还有印度
Mexico too
还有墨西哥
@KUNDAN india is still low income. Long way to go until india can be trapped in middle income.
印度依然是低收入国家。印度要想掉入中等收入陷阱还有很长的一段路要走。
@Memeng Cat House no, India's per Capita income is around 2k, the minimum middle income in 1k
不，印度人均收入是2000美元左右，而中等收入最低标准是1000美元
@first name last name. it has not made into middle income , there is a long way to go
印度根本还没有进入中等收入国家之列，印度还有很长的一段路要走。
@ITME ik but this guy said India was low income
我知道，但这个家伙说印度是低收入国家
He is not wrong, India is indeed a low-income country
The middle-income trap is between $10,000 and $12,000
他没有说错，印度的确是低收入国家
中等收入陷阱是在10000美元到12000美元之间
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India should invest more in research and development..
印度应该加大研发投入
India should focus on Lowering the population first of all
印度应该首先专注于减少人口
India should invest in Education before doing anything else.
印度应该优先投资教育
Many countries were able to become high income by invading low income countries, capturing and controlling their resources
很多国家通过入侵低收入国家，掠夺和控制他们的资源从而让自己成为高收入国家
In Malaysia, the problem here is that rural part of the country has no development. People moves to bigger city to get a job.
马来西亚的问题是，农村地区没有任何发展。人们为了获得工作必须搬进大城市。
I think India will be in middle income trap after it achieves 5k to 6k per capita (nominal) in next 15-20 years
我认为未来15到20年，当印度人均达到5000到6000美元（名义gdp）后将陷入中等收入陷阱
Malaysia,one of the country trapped in middle income range
马来西亚是陷入中等收入陷阱的国家之一。
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Thailand here. I feel your pain
我是泰国人，我能理解你的痛苦
Thailand n Malaysia,2 giants trapped in middle income category for 4 decades
泰国和马来西亚，两个陷入中等收入陷阱长达四十年的大国。