为什么中国几乎所有的小型车辆都是电动的？

David Annett
, Embedded systems engineer, EV enthusiast，Lives in Levin, New Zealand2019–present
For the same reason people in the west stopped riding motorcycles for transport. Cars became cheap and easy and the society adapted around that. In many places where traffic is too heavy people have failed to adapt, still cling to the comfort blanket of their cars.
While the problem in the west is a failure to adapt China actually has a different problem. Cars are a status symbol there. Once they have a car they will not go back to using a scooter. I lived in China for a couple of years. I like motorcycles for transport when the weather is good so as soon as I could I purchased one. Later I saved up a bit of funds and brought a car. However I kept the motorcycle and continued to use to commute when the weather was good as it was faster and easier in the traffic. That confused the local staff, they could not understand why I would still use a motorcycle once I had a car.

出于同样的原因，西方人也不再骑摩托车出行，在汽车变得便宜和容易获得之后，社会也随之适应了这一点。但在许多交通过于拥挤的地方，人们无法适应，他们仍然希望开车出行。
虽然西方存在的问题是有些人无法适应不依赖汽车，但中国实际上有一个不同的问题。在那里，汽车是地位的象征，一旦他们有了汽车，他们就不会再使用踏板车了。我在中国生活了两年，我喜欢在天气好的时候骑踏摩托车，所以我会尽快买一辆。后来我存了一点钱，买了一辆汽车。然而，我保留了摩托车，我会在天气好的时候继续使用它上下班，因为它在繁忙的交通中更快更容易。这让当地的同事感到困惑，他们无法理解为什么我有了汽车后还会用摩托车。

Michael Ciao
, Business Owner Investor (1977-present)，Lives in San Francisco Bay Area
Because the western world excel in internal combustion engines. That is one thing China never really conquered. There are dozens of car manufacturers in China making more cars than any other countries, but they build on foreign technologies and foreign engines, and they still pay hefty loyalties to foreign auto companies, even today. The engines are mostly imported. The success seen is just a mirage.
Electric vehicles are completely different than internal combustion engines vehicles, in fact, all early vehicles were electric, but they were abandoned over the success of internal combustion engine vehicles.

因为西方世界擅长内燃机，这是一件中国从未真正征服过的东西。虽然中国有几十家汽车制造商，它们生产的汽车比其他任何国家都多，但他们依靠的是外国的技术和外国的发动机，即使在今天，他们仍然对外国汽车公司忠心耿耿。由于中国汽车公司使用的发动机大多是进口的，所以我们所看到的中国汽车产业的成功只是海市蜃楼。
电动汽车与内燃机汽车完全不同，事实上，早期所有的汽车都是电动的，但它们被内燃机汽车的成功所抛弃。

Electric vehicles is the salvation for Chinese auto industry, this is one rare and only chance Chinese auto industry can leapfrog pass all western and Japanese auto makers in this once in the lifetime opportunity.
China has been quietly pouring all resources into electric vehicles for many years, now it leads in many subcategories in this field, most critically, the battery. China did that openly but nobody was watching, they are all busy bashing China.
The west and Japan are too successful in internal combustion engines to go into this new direction. All their revenue are from internal combustion engines.

电动汽车是中国汽车产业的救星，是中国汽车产业能够在这千载难逢的机会中超越所有西方和日本汽车制造商的难得的也是唯一的机会。
多年来，中国一直在悄悄地将所有资源投入电动汽车产业，现在它在该领域的许多子类别中处于领先地位，最关键的是：电池。中国公开在做，但没有人注意，他们都在忙着抨击中国。
西方和日本在内燃机方面过于成功，以至于它们无法转向这一新方向，因为他们所有的收入都来自内燃机汽车。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Mike Azeka
13 years experience with large scale solar power，Lives in The United States of America1965–present
As of 2020 China had 17 million gasoline powered motorcycles but at least 300 million electric scooters. A big reason is likely cost, electric scooters are ten times cheaper than a gas powered car, and about half the price of a gasoline motorcycle, and cheaper to run than a gas powered motorcycle. Gas powered cycles are also banned in some Chinese cities due to air pollution. The 300 million owners don't have the much larger incomes that westerners have, most Chinese earn 1/4 to 1/2 as much as their western counterparts. By western standards, these Chinese are poor. Very few westerners drive low cost electric scooters like are common in China. Why didn't westerners buy cheap, small, slow electric scooters? Because they can afford gasoline powered cars.

截至2020年，中国有1700万辆以汽油为动力的摩托车，但同时至少有3亿辆电动踏板车。一个重要的原因可能是成本，电动踏板车的价格比以汽油为动力的汽车便宜十倍，大约是以汽油为动力的摩托车的一半。由于空气污染，中国一些城市也禁止使用以燃气为动力的摩托车。
3亿踏板车主没有西方人那么高的收入，大多数中国人的收入是西方同行的1/4到1/2。按照西方的标准，这些中国人很穷。很少有西方人会像中国人一样驾驶低成本的电动踏板车，为什么西方人不买更便宜、更小、更慢的电动踏板车呢？那是因为他们买得起以汽油为动力的汽车。

Thomas Pauken II
, B.A. from Thomas More College of Liberal Arts (1999)
BEIJING: It’s more a case of convenience than anything else. The small motorized vehicles used for transportation are much more common in China and other parts of Asia. Asian cities are much more compact and local residents will use scooters to pass through heavy traffic congestion.
In the developed Western nations, the locals prefer driving a car as their primary mode of transport. I was born and raised in Dallas, TX where you can get a driver’s license at 16 years old just like in all other parts of the country. Getting a car and your driver’s license on your 16th birthday is considered and American’s right of passage to adulthood.
And if Westerners were not driving a car they could be riding a motorcycle but never a scooter. A scooter is considered low-class for them.

北京：这更像是一个因为方便而非其他原因的例子，因为用于通勤的小型机动车辆在中国和亚洲其他地区更为常见。亚洲城市的结构更加紧凑，当地居民会使用踏板车（scooters）来穿越交通拥堵。
而在西方发达国家，当地人更喜欢将开车作为他们的主要交通方式。我在德克萨斯州的达拉斯出生和长大，就像在全国其他地方一样，在那里你16岁就可以获得驾驶执照。在你16岁生日时获得一辆汽车和驾驶执照被认为是美国人成年的标志。
如果西方人不开车，他们可以骑摩托车，但决不会骑踏板车，因为骑踏板车对他们来说是很丢人的。

But in China, cars are very expensive, gas prices are much higher than in the US and you also have to take car ownership regulations into consideration. Many Chinese cities try to limit passenger cars on the road.
Many Chinese are more inclined to rely on public transportation, as well as scooters and motorized carts to take them where they wish to go. I was told it’s very similar to many cities in Southeast Asia. The local residents are more likely to ride a scooter than to drive a gas-powered passenger vehicle.
Parking a passenger car in a populated Chinese city can be a challenge as well on account of narrow roads and few parking lots. Therefore, small motorized vehicles with long-lasting batteries attached to them will stay popular in China while not gaining much interest from Westerners in developed nations.

但在中国，汽车非常昂贵，汽油的价格也比美国高得多，你还必须考虑到汽车的牌照问题，因为许多中国城市现在正试图限制道路上的乘用车数量。
许多中国人更倾向于依靠公共交通工具以及踏板车和小型机动车将他们带到他们想去的地方。有人告诉我，这与东南亚的许多城市非常相似，东南亚的当地居民也更喜欢骑踏板车，而不是驾驶以汽油为动力的汽车。
由于道路狭窄，停车场很少，在人口稠密的中国城市停车也是一项挑战。因此，装有长效电池的小型机动车辆在中国仍然很受欢迎，而生活在发达国家的西方人对此兴趣不大。

Nevertheless, I do envision a time when electric vehicles, including Tesla models, would become more popular in the West and EV makers should play it smart by upgrading the battery systems to be more durable and long-lasting.
And for the time-being China-based EV battery makers have made tremendous headway into upgrading batteries and re-charging systems. We may soon see a time when the batteries of scooters can be re-adapted for EV passenger cars and trucks, meaning the batteries will have similar qualities but larger and more adaptable to bigger models.
China’s leading EV battery company is CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology LTd.), which is also ranked number one in sales globally. Meanwhile, the top-selling EV in China is not Tesla’s Model 3 but the tiny Hongguang Mini EV, manufactured by SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile.

尽管如此，我确实认为电动汽车（包括特斯拉的相关车型）将在西方变得更加流行，电动汽车制造商应该通过升级电池系统以使其更加耐用和持久。
目前，中国电动汽车电池制造商在电池升级和再充电系统方面取得了巨大的进展。我们可能很快就会看到踏板车的电池可以重新适应电动乘用车和卡车的时代，这意味着电池将具有类似的质量，但更大，更适合更大的车型。
中国领先的电动汽车电池公司是宁德时代，该公司在全球电池销量中也排名第一。与此同时，中国最畅销的电动汽车不是特斯拉的Model 3，而是上汽通用五菱制造的小型宏光迷你电动汽车。

The mini EV is popular in the domestic market since it can be sold at a low price and the battery is highly functional. We can take a closer look at China’s EV market from The Conversation. The lix is here:
As reported by The Conversation:
“In a recent study, we found that most EV sales are made in China’s large cities – those with over five million residents, such as Shanghai and Beijing – largely due to the stronger policy incentives there. But consumers in small cities – each with fewer than a million residents – were the most keen to drive EVs.
In these small cities, drivers tend to enjoy shorter commutes and so have less pressure on their time and living costs. People there tend to care more about how well the vehicle works and the environmental benefits of EVs. Prior research revealed that these consumers are less likely to buy an EV if it’s the more expensive option. This might explain why Hongguang’s Mini EV – with its limited range and relatively cheap price – originated in Liuzhou of Guangxi province, a small city in the south-west of China.”
The EVs will be a big business trend to watch in the near future.

迷你电动汽车在中国国内市场很受欢迎，因为它可以以低价出售，而且电池的功能很强。我们可以从The Conversation中更仔细地了解中国的电动汽车市场。链接如下：
据The Conversation报道：
“在最近的一项研究中，我们发现大部分电动汽车的销售都是在中国的大城市进行的——那些拥有500多万居民的城市，如上海和北京——这主要是因为那里有更强大的政策激励。但小城市的消费者——每个居民不到100万的城市——最热衷于驾驶电动汽车。
在这些小城市，司机们往往享受更短的通勤时间，因此时间和生活成本的压力更小。那里的人们往往更关心汽车的性能和电动汽车的环境效益。先前的研究表明，如果电动汽车是更昂贵的选择，这些消费者购买电动汽车的可能性较小。这或许可以解释为什么行驶范围有限，价格相对便宜的宏光迷你电动汽车——起源于中国西南部的一个小城市-广西柳州。”
在不久的将来，电动汽车将成为一个值得关注的大商业趋势。

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处