QA：美国手语(ASL)或类似的手语里有单手手语吗

Matt Bailey
If you're referring to if there is like an entire ‘one-handed' ASL no not technically. Although those fluent in sign language (which even I am not to 100% efficiency of what ASL is) as for I'm not deaf, and those who are, develope a much broader understanding to other deaf people. Just as you or I may talk to someone of American decent, born & raised, and they could use slang and a large variation of words that truly are not words, you would be able to understand (most the time) what they are referring too and talking about. You could have a normal conversation.
 
如果你指的是是否有一个完整的“一只手”打的手语，那从技术上说，美国手语不是。尽管那些熟练掌握手语的人(即使是我，也不能百分之百地达到美国手语的水平)对我来说不是聋哑人，而那些精通手语的人，可以更广泛地理解其他聋哑人。就像你或我可能会和一些美国人交谈、出生和长大，他们会使用俚语和大量的非词汇的变化，你也能理解(大多数时候)他们指的是什么和谈论的是什么。
 
Well it's the same for people who are deaf (or live a significant portion of there life with the deaf/interact daily) they can sign with 1 hand and gesture in other ways that the flow of conversation does not slow down & the 2 communicate fluently.
 
这对于聋人来说也是一样的(或者和聋人生活在一起/每天都有互动)，他们可以用一只手以及其他方式来做手势，这样对话&交流的流畅性不会减慢
 
As far as 1 handed sign language, well ‘BSL’ or Basic Sign Language covers all the alphabet & basic numbers which is where you start when learning. However the moment you learn the alphabet which doesn't take long with daily dedicated lessons (can just be lessons you take online 30-45mins minimum daily) you'll start to immediately transition into forming sentencing in just a few short weeks. And within months (depending on your dedication) you could easily communicate with just about any hearing-impaired you encounter. However you might not understand everything they're signing to you because they'll be fast & know the advanced signs which can cover a lot simply in couple motions.
 
至于单手手语，英国手语（BSL）或基本手语涵盖了所有的字母和基本数字，这是你学习的起点。然而，一旦你学习字母表，这并不需要花很长时间，每天都有专门的课程(可以只是最低每天在线30-45分钟的课程)，你将开始在短短几周内立即过渡到形成判断。
 
Explain you're new, you need them to slow down.
 
解释一下你是新来的，你需要让他们慢下来。
 
I originally learned sign language back in 2nd & 3rd grade. Over the years it started to fade from memory until one day I came across another person in the store & all he could do was point to his ear. I saw this person on a constant basis, I did not know him nor do I to this day. I didn't even know he was deaf until our first official encounter both grabbing for the same thing & I asked him a question. As I saw him point I to his ear I immediately knew what it ment and I tried to sign ‘I'm sorry, go ahead. I only wanted to look at it' he smiled and went over where I made mistakes (a lot of them) so I started learning again. The next time we crossed paths and I greeted him, told him to have a good day, and short simple conversation I could tell how much he appreciated the effort.
 
我最初是在二、三年级的时候学习手语的。多年来，我渐渐忘记了这件事，直到有一天我在店里碰到另外一个人，他所能做的就是指着自己的耳朵。我经常见到这个人，但我不认识他，直到今天我也不认识他。我甚至不知道他是聋子，直到我们第一次正式见面，我问了他一个问题。当我看到他指着我的耳朵时，我马上就知道是什么意思了，我试图打出“对不起，请继续”的手语。我只是想看看它，他笑了笑，然后回顾了我犯过的错误(很多错误)，所以我又开始学习了。下次我们相遇的时候，我问候了他，告诉他今天过得愉快，简短的交谈让我知道他非常感激我的努力。
 
Most people won't ‘avoid' the deaf, but they don't do anything to meet them half way. Where as they live their lives in complete frustration in the ignorance of what we take for granted, adjusting How THEY should act, behave, interact, because we can't take few minutes of our day to pick up truly the basics of signing which allows the communication that goes a long way.
 
大多数人不会“回避”聋人，但这过程中不会为他们（聋人）做任何事情。他们生活在完全的挫折中，对我们认为理所当然的事情一无所知，因为我们都不能每天花几分钟的时间来学习真正的手语基础知识来调整他们行为、举止、互动的方式，让交流走得更远。
 
Meredith Peruzzi
Almost all sign languages around the world are signed with two hands in their "full" form, but there are many people who sign these languages with only one hand. Even non-disabled people sometimes sign with one hand if the other hand is occupied.
 
世界上几乎所有的手语都是用两只手来完成的，但也有很多人只用一只手来打手语。即使非残疾人如果另一只手被占用，有时也会用一只手打手势。
 
Your son could easily modify ASL to meet his needs. For example, the sign HELP is normally made with the dominant fist in the non-dominant palm, lifting both up. Your son could simply make the sign with his left hand only by lifting his fist upwards as if the other hand were below it.
 
你儿子可以很容易地修改美国手语来满足他的需要。例如，帮助的手语通常是用惯用的拳头放在非惯用的手掌上，同时举起双手。你的儿子可以用左手做这个手势，只要举起拳头就可，就好像另一只手在下面。
 
Another example is CHURCH, which is made with the dominant C tapping on top of the non-dominant fist twice. Your son could "bounce" the C twice with his left hand, as if the right fist were under it. He could mouth the word "church" or just the CH part to clarify what word he means.
 
另一个例子是教堂（CHURCH），摆出C在非惯用拳头上敲两次。你的儿子可以用左手“弹跳”C两次，就好像右手的拳头在它下面。他可以用嘴说出“教堂”这个词，或者仅仅说出CH的部分来阐明他的意思。
 
A sign like SHOW could work one-handed too - just move the left pointer finger forward as it does, and many people understand that the right hand is just left out. Mouthing "show" or SH helps clarify but it isn't absolutely required.
 
像SHOW这样的标识也可以单手操作——只要将左手的食指向前移动，很多人都知道右手是可以省略的。口型“秀”（show）或SH有助于区分，但这不是绝对必要的。
 
An alternative is to use his right hand as a support, but not an active signing component. Since he has hemiparesis, I assume he can use his right hand and arm somewhat. The signs for HELP and CHURCH can be made with only the left hand moving - the right hand can just sit there as a "base" for the left hand. It doesn't have to do anything, and he doesn't even have to form a flat palm or a closed fist - a neutral "limp" hand is still a good base for signing these words. Even CHAIR would work this way - he could just tap his left "U" hand on the fingers of his right hand, which doesn't have to move.
 
另一种选择是使用他的右手作为支持，但不是一个活动的手语成分。因为他有偏瘫，我认为他可以使用右手和手臂。只需要左手移动，他就可以做“帮助”（ HELP）和“教会”（ CHURCH）的手势——右手可以摆在那里，作为左手的“基础”。 它不需要做任何事情，他甚至不需要形成一个扁平的手掌或紧握的拳头-一个中性的“软弱”的手仍然是一个很好的基础来摆出这些词。甚至椅子（CHAIR）也可以这样做----他可以用左手“U”形的手轻敲右手的手指，而右手不需要移动。
 
Linguistically, signs that call for the active use of the non-dominant hand (ie, not "supportive" use), are almost always symmetrical. Think of PLAY, SWIM, DRAMA, and BATH - the hands have the same motion, handshape, and location. These signs are very easily understood when made with only one hand.
 
从语言学上讲，那些要求主动使用非惯用手(即非“支持性”使用)的手势几乎都是对称的。想想玩耍（PLAY）、游泳（SWIM）、戏剧（DRAMA）和沐浴（BATH），它们的手势都有相同的动作、形状和位置。这些符号只用一只手打很容易理解。
 
And of course, your son can use fingerspelling for any words he doesn't feel confident signing. You don't mention how old he is, so if he is very young this may not be appropriate yet - the dexterity for fingerspelling usually takes a while, and so do the spelling skills! But he'll get there eventually, and you'll find his hemiparesis is no barrier to signing ASL - he will only need slight modifications and he'll be able to adapt signs easily.
 
当然，你的儿子可以用手指拼写任何他不自信的手语单词。你没有提到他的年龄，所以如果他还很年轻，这可能不合适-灵敏的手势拼写通常需要一段时间，拼写技能也是如此! 但他最终会成功的，你会发现他的偏瘫并不是手语的障碍---他只需要轻微的调整，可以很容易地适应手势。
 
Naï Damato
For starters, it’s the same language, but yes, ASL can be signed one-handed. As a tactile signer, I’m in the habit of not only using ASL one-handed expressively, but also receptively. Switching arms every 20 minutes got me through those long days at Gallaudet too.
 
首先，它是同一种语言，但，是的，美国手语可以单手打出。作为一个触觉手语者，我不仅习惯用一只手来表达，也习惯接收一只手的表达。每20分钟换一次手臂也让我熬过了在加劳德特的那些漫长日子。
 
There are a lot of ways signers almost subconsciously make up for signing one-handed. Most of the time, you can tell just from knowing the language and the natural constraints of the language.
 
手语者有很多方式几乎下意识地补足单手手语。大多数时候，你可以通过了解语言和语言的自然约束来判断。
 
Think of it this way. You know that hrvatski isn’t an English word. Why? Those letters don’t appear together in English words. It violates what linguists call phonotactic constraints.
 
可以这样想。你知道hrvatski不是英语单词。为什么？因为这些字母不会同时出现在英语单词中。它违反了语言学家所说的语音限制。
 
There are certain letters, sounds, etc. that go together, or that don’t. For example the consonant cluster nstr is valid in English, as in the word constraint. vzgl? Not so much. But Russians have no problem with it—vzglyad is a Russian word.
 
有一些特定的字母、发音可以组合在一起，也有一些不能组合在一起。例如，辅音组合nstr在英语中有效，就像在单词constraint中一样。Vzgl呢?并非如此。但俄罗斯人对此没有问题。vzglyad是一个俄语单词。
 
In other words, users of a language have a natural intuition about what is “legal” or “illegal” in a given language. So with two handed signs like HELP whether it’s a sighted person watching a one-handed signer or a blind signer feeling only one hand of a person, because of that linguistic intuition, it’s clear to us that the other hand could only be actually or imaginarily articulating so many handshapes.
 
换句话说，一种语言的使用者对某种语言中什么是“合法的”什么是“非法的”有一种自然的直觉。所以像帮助（HELP）这样的双手手势无论是视力正常的人看着单手手语者还是盲人手语者只感觉到一个人的一只手，因为这种语言直觉，我们很清楚，另一只手只能实际或想象地表达这么多的手形。
 
Context is also big. For example, WORK and ARREST both use a fist. If someone is saying something about leaving _ at 5 PM, I know they mean work. If they’re talking about the protest they went to and someone got _, I know they mean arrested.
 
语境也很重要。例如，工作（WORK）和逮捕（ARREST）都用拳头。如果有人说要在下午5点下班，我知道他们指的是工作。如果他们说的是他们参加的抗议活动，我知道他们指的是被捕。
 
In other words, once you’re familiar with the structures of a language, you are able to mentally fill in what that other hand is or would be doing.
 
换句话说，一旦你熟悉了一门语言的结构，你就能在心里填入另一只手在做什么或者将要做什么。
 
Sometimes people use other small micro-movements. For example, YES and POSSIBLE are more or less the same, except YES is one-handed and POSSIBLE is two-handed. But I notice that people tend to sign POSSIBLE a little slower and more empathetically than YES when signing one-handed.
 
有时人们会使用其他的微小动作。例如，是的（YES）和可能的（POSSIBLE）或多或少是相同的，除了YES是单手操作，而POSSIBLE是双手操作。但我注意到，当人们用单手手势时，用POSSIBLE比用YES更慢，更有感情。
 
In some situations where there really is no way to disambiguate, people can use fingerspelling. I do this sometimes with signs like SUPPORT which feels like awkwardly punching the air when signed one-handed. In that case I would sign it and then quickly finger spell to a blind signer, or mouth “support” clearly to a sighted user.
 
在某些情况下，确实没有办法消除歧义，人们可以使用手势拼写。我有时会用单手手势打一些类似支持（SUPPORT）的手势，就像笨拙地捶打空气一样。在这种情况下，我会打出它，然后快速地用手指拼写给盲人手语者，或用嘴巴向视力正常的手语者清晰地说出“支持”（support）这个词。
 
People can also get creative. I’ve sometimes articulated signs on a tabletop or my lap or even my chest near my shoulder to replicate the point of contact. If my extended index finger tapped on a table, most signers would probably understand that to mean DISCUSS whereas if the pinky-side of my otherwise curled hand tapped the table, most people would understand that to mean CORRECT.
 
人们也可以变得富有创造力。我有时会在桌子上，膝盖上，甚至是靠近肩膀的胸部上，有样学样的来翻译。如果我伸出的食指轻敲桌子，大多数手语者可能会理解为“讨论”（ DISCUSS），而如果我弯曲的手轻敲桌子，大多数人会理解为“正确”（CORRECT）。
 
Signers who have other disabilities or layers to consider are often the most creative of all. I think your son will figure it out.
 
有其他缺陷或层次需要考虑的手语者通常是最有创造力的。我想你儿子会发现的。
 
Rebekah Maccaby
Just to add another example, Deaf people aren’t silent when they drive a car. They steer with one hand, and sign with the other. They will sometimes sign off the steering wheel as though it is the non-dominant hand.
 
再举个例子，聋人开车时并不沉默。他们用一只手掌舵，用另一只手打手语。他们有时会停止使用方向盘，就好像那不是惯用手一样。
 
Something else I want to add as a former interpreter. When a person is watching from a distance, two-handed signing is clearer, but up close, one-handed signing is really just as understandable as two-handed signing. Deaf people have conversations while eating with one hand, and doing all sorts of other tasks. Even in a few occasions, like in class, while holding a pencil to take notes, someone will sign one-handed with the non-dominant hand.
 
作为一名前口译员，我还想补充一点。当一个人从远处观看时，双手手语更清晰，但近距离观看时，单手手语实际上和双手手语一样可以理解。聋人一边用一只手吃饭一边交谈，或者做各种其他的事情。即使在少数情况下，比如在课堂上，有人拿着铅笔记笔记时，也会用非惯用手单手打手语。
 
One-handed signing is more normal than not.
 
单手手语很正常。
 
Hearing people who are just learning to sign learn the formal two-handed version of everything, and so when Deaf people are talking to someone who is a new signer, they adopt a more formal manner of signing; you have probably not seen very many casual conversations between two Deaf friends. You may mostly have seen instructional material prepared for new learners.
 
听力正常的人刚刚学习手语时会学习正式的双手手语，所以当聋人和新手语者交谈时，他们会采用更正式的手语方式;你可能没见过两个聋人朋友之间有很多随意的对话。你可能见过大多为新学习者准备的教学材料。
 
When I was at Gallaudet, I saw a child at the Kendall School who also had hemiparesis, and had braces on one arm and leg. He signed one handed. He seemed fine, although I did not know him, I just used to occasionally observe him with the other kids.
 
当我在加劳德特的时候，我在肯代尔学校看到一个同样患有偏瘫的孩子，他的一只胳膊和一条腿上都戴着支架。他用一只手打手语。他看起来很好，虽然我不认识他，但我只是习惯了偶尔观察他和其他孩子在一起。
 
You son should not have any issue socially being a one-handed signer.
 
你儿子作为一个单手手语者应该不会有任何社会问题。
 
Emily Hart
I just wanted to add this video to this question. I think it's a really good example of one-handed ASL.
 
我只是想把这个视频加到这个问题上。我认为这是一个很好的单手美国手语的示例。
 
This is Daniel Durant, he's an actor. He's Deaf. He's talking about the Broadway debut of Spring Awakening. In American Sign Language. With one hand. His left hand is holding the phone, (I'm assuming it's a phone), and he signs everything with his right hand.
 
这是丹尼尔·杜兰特，他是个演员。他是聋子。他说的是《春之觉醒》的百老汇首演。用一只手打美国手语。他的左手拿着电话，(我假设那是一个电话)，他用右手做所有的手势。
 
Sorry, there's no English captions here. :) But the descxtion on YouTube gives a good summary of what he says. :)
 
对不起，这里没有英文说明。但是油管上的描述很好地总结了他所说的话。:)
 


（译注：视频里是Daniel Durant用单手打美国手语）
 
Thomas Stone
Some people who only have one arm can use their one hand for speaking in sign language. Like any other language, someone fluent can understand a foreign accent easier than beginners. Many words have the second hand just mirroring or opposing the action of the primary hand. One-handed versions of those are easy to guess in context. Many other signs use the second hand as a base. One-handed signers move the primary hand and use something else as a base, like their stomach, a table, the steering wheel if the secondary hand is driving.
 
一些只有一只手臂的人可以用一只手来交流手语。和其他语言一样，流利的人比初学者更容易理解外国口音。许多单词的辅助手只是有反映主要手的作用或相对于主要手的作用。在上下文中，这些词的单手版本很容易猜测。许多其他付号使用辅助手作为基础。单手手语者活动主手，并使用其他东西作为基础，比如他们的胃，桌子，如果辅助手在驾驶，则用方向盘。
 
If they aren’t getting the point across, they can use circumlocution just like when you forget a word in Engilsh: “It’s like toast but there is a grid pattern.” And you say “Waffles?”
 
如果他们没有把重点讲清楚，他们可以用婉转的表达方式，就像你忘记了英语中的某个单词一样: “就像烤面包，但有一个网格图案。” 你说"华夫饼? "
 
The same issue happens when a signer loses a finger. They just make due with what they have and fluent signers don’t even notice after a while. My ASL teacher could not remember if her friend lost his pinky or ring finger in a carpentry accident. She just knows he communicates well enough for her to not notice.
 
当一个手语者失去一根手指时，同样的问题也会发生。他们只是应付他们所拥有的，流利的手语者甚至在一段时间后都不会注意到。我的美国手语老师不记得她的朋友是在一次木工事故中失去了小指还是无名指。她只知道他交流得很好以至于她不会注意到。
 
Pamela Mang
An answer from a Deaf teenager, usually. “Half sign” is actually how I first learned sign way before I became Deaf myself. Why? Because I learned completely from a Deaf teenager, never had a class, etc. Deaf teenagers do this lazy signing all the time & yes, it can be as frustrating as a hearing teenager’s non-stop slang & acronym use.
 
来自一个聋哑少年的回答，通常。“半手语”实际上是我在成为聋子之前第一次学习手语的方式。“半手语”实际上是我在成为聋子之前第一次学习手语的方式。为什么？因为我完全是从一个失聪的青少年那里学的，从来没有上过课等等。失聪青少年一直在做这种懒惰的手语&是的，它可以像一个听力正常的青少年不停地使用俚语和缩写一样令人沮丧。