如果所有的类人猿突然拥有了人类的智慧，会发生什么?
What would happen if all apes suddenly gained human intelligence?
译文简介
我记得我读过一个短篇故事的结尾，故事的背景是人类已经扩散到星系里，并在银河系的宜居带周围逐渐向两个方向扩张(不存在超光速旅行)。最终，一艘人类探险飞船在银河系的另一边遇到了有史以来第一批外星物种，却发现这些外星人其实是来自另一个方向的人类探险家。
正文翻译
What would happen if all apes suddenly gained human intelligence?
如果所有的类人猿突然拥有了人类的智慧，会发生什么?
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Honestly… I can only speculate on what would happen, but I can safely bet that something like this would be one of the most insane things ever. A species (or multiple species) like Man arising would be almost otherworldly.
I’m pretty sure a lot of people are gonna start rioting and be pretty pissed at the concept, they’ll proclaim that “They are a threat to us”.
Cesar Alcaraz住在德克萨斯州休斯顿
老实说，我只能推测会发生什么，但我可以有把握地打赌，像这样的事情将是有史以来最疯狂的事情之一。
一个物种(或多个物种)如人类那样崛起几乎是闻所未闻的。
我敢肯定，许多人会开始骚动，对这个概念感到非常愤怒，他们会宣称“他们是我们的威胁”。
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Of course, the apes themselves would start out as hunter-gatherers just like their human counterparts did during the Ice Age. And would be evolving and progressing from there.
Though at the end of the day, I’m not quite sure what the end result will be honestly. And I’m not even certain if things would ever be the same afterwards. I just hope that it goes the best possible direction for both us and them… and to the world in general.
当然，类人猿一开始也是狩猎采集者，就像冰河时期的人类一样。并将从此阶段开始发展和进步。
虽然，我不太确定最终的结果会是什么。我甚至不确定以后一切还会不会和以前（人类的发展）一样。我只是希望这对我们和他们，乃至整个世界都是最好的方向。
They would probably create a movement of sorts— some more brutal, others more like Martin Luther King Jr. Funny to think of an MLK Jr version of an ape. Orangutans would get along the most with humans, Chimpanzees would get along the least, as Gorillas are morally grey.
他们可能会发起某种运动——有些类人猿会更残忍，有些会更像马丁·路德·金。
一想到马丁·路德·金版本的类人猿，就觉得好笑。
猩猩（Orangutan）与人类相处得最好，黑猩猩（Chimpanzee）与人类相处得最差，因为大猩猩在道德上是灰色的。
Well… due to their heightened intelligence, chimps won't be nearly as aggressive as they were before, they'll be able to think clearly and rationally and will no longer rely on Primal instinct. Same with the other apes.
由于它们的高智商，黑猩猩将不再像以前那样具有攻击性，它们将能够清晰理性地思考，不再依赖原始本能。其他类人猿也一样。
Who knows, they may just be easily angered. After all, some people are much more aggressive than others, but that doesn’t make them dumber or less civilized.
谁知道呢，他们可能只是很容易生气。毕竟，有些人比其他人更有攻击性，但这并不意味着他们更笨或更不文明。
Just like how humans are rational and peaceable,
就像人类是“理性和平和的”一样。
I think that intelligence and aggression aren’t mutually exclusive.
我认为智力和攻击性并不是相互排斥的。
Bonobos would get along with humans even better. They're practically ape hippies
倭黑猩猩会更好地与人类相处。他们实际上是类人猿嬉皮士。
Forgot about them lol.
哈哈哈哈，忘了他们吧。
“ funny to think of an MLK jr version of an ape". ??? Really?. Cm'on use your imagination
马丁路德金版类人猿？
真的？得了吧，再想想/笑哭
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Abraham Lincoln Ape.
亚伯拉罕·林肯版类人猿。
Though at the end of the day, I’m not quite sure what the end result will be honestly.
Given that the idea is that the apes would have human intelligence, not superhuman, it would be pretty much like the birth of any other nation, except that it would be accentuated because of the whole “different species” thing.
If you want a humans-only model of how human intelligence responded historically to initial conditions of enslavement, look up the history of the Maroon communities of the New World. Most Maroon communities eventually became integrated into colonial nations, simply because their own actions proved that they were savvy, intelligent players that it was expedient to make treaties with, and because once their own fates were secured, it became expedient for them themselves to integrate with the larger society for their own protection. Some of the Maroon treaties are still in force to this day in post-colonial nations such as Suriname.
考虑到类人猿拥有人类的智慧，而非变成超人，这与任何其他国家的诞生都差不多，只是由于“不同物种”，这种智慧会被强调出来。
如果你想要一个人类专属的模型，了解人类智能在历史上是如何对奴役的初始条件做出反应的，那就去查一下新世界的栗色社区（the Maroon communities）的历史吧。大多数栗色社区最终融入了殖民国家，单纯是因为他们自己的行动证明了他们是有悟性的，是可以与之达成协议的聪明的玩家。因为一旦他们自己的命运得到保障，他们就会为了保护自己而融入更大的社会。在苏里南（位于南美洲东北部）等后殖民国家，《栗色条约》的一些条款至今仍然有效。
回到我们这个话题下来，考虑到类人猿是一个完全不同的物种，几乎没有能力说出人类的语言，野生的和逃跑的类人猿可能会简单地建立独立的群体，他们会把精力集中在维护自己的独立上，而不是冒着生命危险积极地从一个在数量、科学和技术上都更先进的敌人那里夺取领土。
I imagine orangutans would be the quickest to integrate themselves into human societies, followed by bonobos, and chimps, with gorillas largely maintaining independence.
最终的结果将是，出现一些较小的类人猿政体，这些政体将在现有的人类国家中演变成正式的自治区域，而自治区域又会在多元文化的人类社会中演变成亚群体。最终的结果将更像《星球大战》或《星际迷航》，而不是《人猿星球》。在某一时刻，某些类人猿种群可能会发生种族灭绝。
我认为猩猩是最快融入人类社会的动物，其次是倭黑猩猩和黑猩猩，大猩猩则在很大程度上保持着独立性。
Its estimated that there is 500.000 apes left in the planet. They wouldn’t be any treat to humanity because they are heavily outnumbered and it would take them 100s of years to compete with any countrys infrastructure in weapons, hospitals and so on. I see 2 scenarios.
They would get heavily discriminated as black people was long time ago. They would be forced into slave labour around the globe and so on and we would see wars and holocausts, it would possible end in a sort of extinction.
We would try to integrate them into our society with apes-right activist among humans and they would function as low-class citizens with few exceptions. Discrimination would still be a big problem, and we would see them trying to get their own contry or state where they will rule among themself.
据估计，地球上有50万只类人猿。人类不会对他们有任何好处，因为他们在数量上远远落后，他们需要漫长的岁月才能与任何国家在武器、医院等基础设施方面的竞争。我看到两种情况。
1. 他们会像很久以前的黑人一样受到严重歧视。他们会被迫在世界各地做奴隶等等。我们会看到战争和大屠杀，他们可能会以灭绝告终。
2. 我们会试着把他们融入我们的社会，让他们成为人类中的猿类维权分子，他们会像低等级公民一样，只有少数能例外。歧视仍将是一个大问题，我们将看到他们试图建立自己的国家或联邦，在那里他们将自己统治。
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Number two is far and away more likely.
第二条更有可能。
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This seems very possible, well said, apes would eventually be integrated into mainstream society I think
说得好，我认为这似乎很有可能，类人猿最终会融入主流社会。
In order for apes to have human-like intelligence, they would essentially have to be humans. A Scientific American magazine I once had argued that our diet and environment millions of years ago shaped our physiology. Other ape species experienced different environmental pressures that shaped their physiologies and consequent capabilities.
In human ancestors’ cases, the whipsawing climate in places where they lived forced them to travel further for their food and explore new food sources, including meat. This created a sextion pressure for greater stamina, which is relevant to our greater exercise requirements compared to other apes. We also shed our thick fur to endure the heat better and enable us to sweat more efficiently when chasing prey.
为了让猿类拥有类似人类的智能，它们本质上必须是人类。我曾在《科学美国人》杂志上争论过，数百万年前我们的饮食和环境塑造了我们的生理机能。而其他类人猿物种经历了与人类不同的环境压力，形成了他们的生理和相应的能力。
在人类先祖的例子中，他们生活的地方，来回波动的气候迫使他们去更远的地方寻找食物，并探索新的食物来源，包括肉类。这就产生了一种选择压力，需要更高的耐力，相比于其他类人猿，这方面我们得到了更多的训练。为了更好地忍受高温，我们也会脱掉厚厚的皮毛，这样我们在追逐猎物时就能更有效地出汗。
Therefore, giving apes human intelligence is not a simple matter of spraying an aerosolized biological agent over them. Our histories are a far more potent shaper of our natures than any fictional substance.
我们增加的肉类消费有助于我们的大脑成长，并有助于提高智力。
此外，火的发现使我们在日落时分保持清醒的时间更长，也许给了我们更多的时间来社交和发展我们的语言技能。
因此，赋予类人猿以人类的智慧不是简单地在它们身上喷洒一种喷雾状的生物剂。我们的历史远比任何虚构的实体更能塑造我们的本性。
Realistically, the wild ones would just go through their stone ages faster than they are now, and the ones in zoos would probably try to figure out ways to escape. Chimps might end up just shredding the handlers and getting the keys, while gorillas might try to just intimidate us into letting them out. Chimps would be a threat, and seeing as they won’t have many weapons or infrastructure, or language to coordinate, they’ll be taken out fairly quickly unless they learn to control their aggression. The same might go for other apes, as despite being fairly safe compared to chimps, we would probably lock them up just to be safe.
现实地说，野生动物经历石器时代的速度会比现在快，动物园里的动物可能会想办法逃跑。
黑猩猩最终可能会干倒饲养员并拿到钥匙，而大猩猩可能会试图恐吓我们，让我们放他们出去。
黑猩猩会是一个威胁，它们没有什么武器或基础设施，也没有语言来协调，除非它们学会控制自己的攻击性，否则它们很快就会被淘汰。
同样的道理也适用于其他类人猿，尽管它们比黑猩猩安全得多，但我们可能会把它们关起来，只是为了安全起见。
They’d kill themselves. They have no ability to speak and so to express their intelligence. No common language. No opposable thumbs to make advanced weapons with. They’d kill a few humans, get killed in large numbers by us, realize they are outnumbered, be offered menial jobs that requires no language skills, slide into despair and finally kill themselves by jumping off Empire State Building.
他们会自杀。
他们没有说话的能力，以表达他们的智慧，没有共同的语言。没有灵活的手指来制造先进武器。
他们会杀死几个人类，并被我们大量杀害，在意识到自己寡不敌众后，被提供不需要语言技能的卑微工作，然后陷入绝望，最终从帝国大厦跳下自杀。
Imagine apes becoming theists. They would be like we're the new chosen people. And people would become atheists. But god created us in his image. It would be a very interesting world to live in.
想象一下类人猿变成有神论者。
他们会觉得自己是新的神选之猿。
那将是一个非常有趣的世界。
If apes did that and took over successfully, that would prove every major religion was false, which could be a huge victory for atheism.
如果类人猿能拥有智慧，并且成功地掌控世界，那将证明所有主要宗教都是错误的。
这将是无神论的巨大胜利。
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Oh, we all know what would happen. We’ve been there. We’d do some consensual interbreeding first but this planet is too small for both of us. One of us would have to go, only this time we have a technological edge of 40,000 years plus we outnumber them ~10,000 to one.
I’d say we’re slightly favored to win.
Tomaž Vargazon无神论者
我们知道届时会发生什么，我们就在那里。
人类对抗尼安德特人
我们会先进行你情我愿的杂交繁殖，但这个星球对我们俩来说太小了。我们中的一个必须离开，只是这一次我们拥有4万年的技术优势，而且我们的数量是他们的1万倍。
我得说我们的胜算要稍微大一点。
What!? It’s not even scientifically settled whether Neanderthals were a separate species or not. There’s still debate over whether they may have been just as smart as us.
They weren’t clever apes. They were basically just another type of human. There’s no evidence they ever fought each other to Neanderthal extinction.
A fantasy picture doesn’t make any kind of point at all.
I’d rather post this skull reconstruction…
什么! ?甚至连尼安德特人是否是一个独立的物种都没有科学上的定论。关于他们是否和我们一样聪明，至今仍有争议。
他们不是聪明的类人猿。他们基本上是另一种人类。没有证据表明智人和尼安德特人曾相互争斗导致后者灭绝。
一幅幻想的画一点意义都没有。我宁愿把这张头骨重建图贴出来…
I’ve seen dudes who look like this. And yes, there is evidence that they could well have had light skin, eyes, and hair before Sapiens ever did.
A recent investigation which created thousands of simulations, based on the data we have on both species/subspecies, gave results which strongly suggested that Eurasian Neanderthals just couldn’t compete with the relentless, torrential waves of Sapiens coming out of Africa.
To me it makes sense. African warmth and resources were far more favourable for Sapiens populations to boom. Eurasia was a tough, cold place to multiply in.
我见过长得像这样的人。是的，有证据表明他们有浅色皮肤、眼睛和头发，可能比现代人类早。
最近的一项研究基于我们掌握的关于两个物种/亚种的数据，创造了数千个模拟，给出的结果强烈地表明欧亚尼安德特人无法与从非洲涌出的无情、汹涌的智人竞争。
对我来说这是有意义的。非洲的温暖和资源更有利于智人的繁衍。欧亚大陆是一个难以繁衍的寒冷地区。
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Damn.
Imagine if space travel becomes a reality and colonisation of other planets would become feasible.
There's a possibility a group of homo sapiens from our planet going to go colonise other planets would eventually evolve into other new human sub-species.
该死的。想象一下，如果太空旅行成为现实，殖民其他星球将成为可能。
一群来自我们星球的智人有可能去其他星球殖民最终进化成新的人类亚种。
Not possibility, certainty.
不可能，我肯定。
Only if we don't kill ourselves first and they somehow have compatible DNA
除非我们没有自杀，而且他们也有兼容的DNA。
I think it means the colonizers will be isolated from the rest of us, evolving into a new species
我认为这意味着殖民者将会与我们隔离开来，进化成一个新的物种。
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I remember reading the end of a short story, the background of which was that humanity had spread to the stars, gradually expanding in both directions around the Galactic habitable zone (there was no FTL travel). Eventually, a human exploration ship on the other side of the galaxy encounters the first ever alien species… only to find the aliens are actually humans explorers from the other direction.
我记得我读过一个短篇故事的结尾，故事的背景是人类已经扩散到星系里，并在银河系的宜居带周围逐渐向两个方向扩张(不存在超光速旅行)。
最终，一艘人类探险飞船在银河系的另一边遇到了有史以来第一批外星物种，却发现这些外星人其实是来自另一个方向的人类探险家。
This is somewhat the implications of the show and book series “The Expanse” people living in lower gravity asteroids and planets get way taller and some can't even be on earth anymore because the gravitaty is too painful
这在某种程度上是电视剧和丛书《太空无垠》的暗示，生活在低重力小行星和行星上的人会变得更高，有些人甚至无法在地球上生活，因为重力太痛苦了。
I always imagine a sci-fi story where we do that, then the two planets lose contact for centuries. One day, one shows up at the other’s planet and they don’t realize that they’re related because they look and act so different from each other.
我总是会联想出一个科幻故事，我们探索太空，然后两个星球失去了几个世纪的联系。
有一天，一个人出现在另一个人的星球上，他们没有意识到他们是有联系的，因为他们的长相和行为都截然不同。
you would need a lot more than mere centuries. Native Austrslians have been heregor over 40,000 years and they still look like us, have the same intelligence, etc. At least over 100,000 years at a minimum for evolution to start showing.
你需要的可不止几个世纪。
土著澳大利亚人已经在这里生活了4万多年，他们看起来和我们一样，拥有同样的智力等等。至少需要10万年才能算进化。
I’m not a biologist, but AFAIK, interbreeding between humans and any apes is impossible.
我不是生物学家，但人猿杂交是行不通的。
So is apes obtaining human-level intelligence overnight. But it is true it would be less interbreeding and more friends with benefits kind of thing.
所以猿类在一夜之间获得了人类水平的智能（也不可能）。
但这确实会减少杂交，更多的是相互获益的朋友之类的。
I don’t think it’s ever been definitively confirmed one way or the other due to ethical/legal/religious concerns about the sort of tests that would be required in order to know that conclusively.
We have a different number of chromosomes to the other great apes, but it’s still hypothetically possible that we could reproduce with them, resulting in infertile offspring akin to mules.
我不认为杂交会以这样或那样的方式得到最终的证实，出于伦理/法律/宗教方面的考虑。
我们的染色体数量与其他类人猿不同，但从理论上讲，我们仍有可能利用它们进行繁殖，从而产生像骡子一样无法生育的后代。
If I recall correctly, it is theoretically possible for people to produce infertile offspring with a couple very closely related species of primates. But it’s considered absurdly unethical amongst scientists and so will never be tested.
After all, there’s many good reasons to worry that the offspring would end up absorbing the worst qualities of both their parent species, developing severe learning disabilities and other sorts of life-derailing mental illnesses, experience stunted or otherwise problematic puberty and growth, or experience horrifying prejudice from several members of both their parent species. The last one in particular is seen as so likely to happen that scientists tend to apply Occam’s Razor and just assume that bigotry against part-human hybrids is inevitable.
It’s so strongly stigmatized amongst the people who have the skills to attempt making hybrids of humans that next to nobody would even consider trying such a thing for real, let alone funding or providing equipment for it. And anybody who does try is, at best, basically guaranteed a one-way trip to prison.
如果我没记错的话，从理论上讲，人们是有可能和一对近亲灵长类动物生育不育的后代的。但科学家认为这是荒谬和不道德的，所以永远不会被试验。
毕竟，我们有很多理由担心后代最终会吸收双亲物种最糟糕的特质，出现严重的学习障碍和其他影响生活的精神疾病，经历发育不良或其他问题性的青春期和成长，或者经历来自双亲物种的可怕的偏见。尤其是最后一种情况，被认为极有可能发生，以至于科学家们倾向于使用“奥卡姆剃刀”(Occam 's Razor)。
对于那些有能力尝试孕育人猿混血儿的人来说，这将面临强烈的歧视，几乎没有人会考虑真正尝试这种事物。更不用说为它提供资金或设备了。而任何尝试过的人，最好的境况也只能被送进监狱。
I’m not a biologist either, and I think consensual interbreeding with apes is really impossible.
我也不是生物学家，而且我认为与类人猿进行自愿杂交是不可能的。
Didn’t humans (Homo sapiens) breed with Neanderthals when they first appeared?
人类(智人)不是一开始就与尼安德特人进行过杂交吗?
True, but modern humans are much more closely related to neanderthals (who are often considered to be a subspecies of homo sapiens) than we are to other modern species of apes, so the chance that we would be able to interbreed with (for example) chimpanzees or gorillas is much lower (though not strictly impossible).
没错，但是现代人与尼安德特人(通常被认为是智人的一个亚种)的关系要比我们与其他现代类人猿的关系密切得多。因此，我们能够(例如)与黑猩猩或大猩猩进行杂交的可能性要低得多(尽管严格来说并非不可能)。
If we play with OP’s theory and those apes would evolve enough to be a challenge to humans, would that bring them to a closer evolutionary point, enough for cross-species breeding?
基于OP理论，这些类人猿的进化程度足以对人类构成挑战，这会使它们的进化程度更趋近，近到足以跨物种繁殖吗?
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Probably not. Intelligence, which is subjective, comes solely from the mental capacity. The ability to breed depends on the chromosomes of the parents, and if they are able to align. I don't believe there is a species of ape left that we have not speciated enough from that producing offspring outside of a laboratory would be possible.
The more they and we evolve, the further we'll speciate, becoming ever increasingly difficult.
可能不会。智力是主观的，仅仅来自于心理能力。繁殖的能力取决于父母的染色体，以及他们是否能够对齐。
他们和我们进化得越多，我们的物种分化就会越深，变得越来越困难。
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Closely related species can often interbreed (e.g. lions with tigers, horses with donkeys, wolves with dogs, or homo sapiens with homo neanderthalensis), even though depending on the case their offspring might be infertile. But that does not mean that the same applies for species that are evolutionary further apart.
近缘物种经常可以杂交(例如狮子和老虎，马和驴，狼和狗，或智人和尼安德特人)，尽管根据具体情况，他们的后代可能无法生育。但这并不意味着同样的情况也适用于进化得更远的物种。
I’m not a biologist and I think we non-biologists should just stay out of it
我不是生物学家，我认为我们这些非生物学家应该置身事外。
There are some sick freaks out there that will try
外面有一些变态想试试呢。
I read somewhere that there actually wasn't much fighting between homo sapiens and neanderthals odds are we probably couldn't tell each other apart and thought they were funny looking homo sapiens
我在什么地方读到过，智人和尼安德特人之间并没有太多的争斗，我们可能无法区分对方。或许只是认为他们是长相有趣的智人。
Up to 60% of all males at the time died violently. Prehistory makes the Eastern Front of WW2 look tame by comparison.
But I guess it’s possible we just thought they were funny other people and did not actively seek to fight them over others.
当时，高达60%的男性死于暴力。相比之下，史前时期使二战的东线显得平淡无奇。
但我想有可能我们只是认为他们是有趣的人，并没有主动寻求与他们争夺其他资源。
Knowing what humans are like, we probably looked at them, found them funny, and decided to kill them because of it.
要知道，人类是那种：我们可能会看着他们，觉得他们很有趣，并因此决定杀了他们。
That is probably the most likely think to have happened actually now that I think about it
这可能是我认为最有可能发生的事情。
Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals are both humans.
智人和尼安德特都是人类。
The neantherthals probably had issues working with each other as part of a larger group compared to Sapiens. This is a theory put up by Yuval Harari in his book Sapiens on why the Neantherthals did not manage to remain distinct as a group or survive. They probably lacked the ability to imagine a future as part of a larger imaginary group like members of a country/ nation.
与智人相比，尼安德特人作为一个更大的群体可能存在协作问题。
这是Yuval Harari在他的《智人》(Sapiens)一书中提出的一个理论，解释了为什么尼安德特人不能作为一个群体保持独立或生存下来。
他们可能缺乏想象未来的能力，作为一个更大的想象群体的一部分，比如一个国家/民族的成员。
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As opposed to Cro Magnon which lacked that till about, oh, I dunno, a couple hundred years ago?
It's probably something slightly more prosaic like:
1) neanderthals expended more energy to do anything, including walk. This made them energy inefficient and unable to compete in game hunting.
Or:
2) Some sort of biological fertility advantage in Cro-Magnon.
Both of these are attested.
这与Cro Magnon的理论相反，可能是一些更平淡无奇的原因，比如:
1. 尼安德特人做任何事情都需要消耗更多的能量，包括走路。这使得它们的能源效率低下，无法在狩猎中竞争。
亦或者：
2.智人有繁衍优势。
这两点都得到了证实。
There’s also the point that neanderthals’ shoulders were less well adapted for throwing, which made hunting and fighting more difficult and dangerous.
It was probably a combination of factors.
还有一点是，尼安德特人的肩膀不太适合投掷，这使得狩猎和战斗更加困难和危险。
这可能是多种因素共同作用的结果。
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