为什么富裕国家比贫穷国家更容易赢得奥运奖牌？
Why do rich countries tend to win more Olympic medals than poor countries?
译文简介
奥运会是一场没有炸弹的战争。具有全球超级大国野心的国家在奥运项目上花费巨大，并且也获得了很多回报。
正文翻译
@Subramaniam Duraisamy
The Olympics is a field of war without bombs. Nations with global superpower ambitions spend a lot on Olympics sports and get a lot of returns too.
This is the 2008 medal map visualisation. The top 3 are US, China and Russia.
This is the map of 2024 medal tally. The top 3 are in the same order. Europe/ US/ China are overblown while poorer nations are squished
奥运会是一场没有炸弹的战争。具有全球超级大国野心的国家在奥运项目上花费巨大，并且也获得了很多回报。
这是2008年奖牌地图可视化。前三名是美国、中国和俄罗斯。
这是2024年奖牌榜的地图。前三名顺序不变。欧洲/美国/中国被夸大了，而较贫穷的国家被压缩了。
The Olympics is a field of war without bombs. Nations with global superpower ambitions spend a lot on Olympics sports and get a lot of returns too.
This is the 2008 medal map visualisation. The top 3 are US, China and Russia.
This is the map of 2024 medal tally. The top 3 are in the same order. Europe/ US/ China are overblown while poorer nations are squished
奥运会是一场没有炸弹的战争。具有全球超级大国野心的国家在奥运项目上花费巨大，并且也获得了很多回报。
这是2008年奖牌地图可视化。前三名是美国、中国和俄罗斯。
这是2024年奖牌榜的地图。前三名顺序不变。欧洲/美国/中国被夸大了，而较贫穷的国家被压缩了。
The straightforward argument is that Olympics requires a lot of expenditure and coaching to produce Olympic quality athletes. You need to create an ecosystem and not rely on some occasional brilliances (Neeraj Chopra or Mirabhai Chanu).
But the real argument is centered around geopolitics and power projection.
直接的论点是，奥运会需要大量的投入和训练来培养奥运水平的运动员。你需要创建一个生态系统，而不是依赖一些偶然的辉煌（如尼拉吉·乔普拉或米拉拜·查努）。
但真正的论点是围绕地缘政治和权力投射展开的。
But the real argument is centered around geopolitics and power projection.
直接的论点是，奥运会需要大量的投入和训练来培养奥运水平的运动员。你需要创建一个生态系统，而不是依赖一些偶然的辉煌（如尼拉吉·乔普拉或米拉拜·查努）。
但真正的论点是围绕地缘政治和权力投射展开的。
Russia and China are poorer than US but being dictatorial and with global ambitions can assign a lot more of their resources into sports.
This is why Hitler spent so much on the 1936 Olympics games - to project Germany of an image of being a superpower under the Nazis. This is the same reason why China and US are competing quite fiercely and why US and USSR fought during Cold war.
俄罗斯和中国比美国更穷，但由于它们的专制力和全球野心，可以将更多资源投入到体育中。
这就是希特勒在1936年奥运会上投入大量资金的原因——为了展示纳粹统治下德国的超级大国形象。这也是中国和美国竞争激烈的原因，以及美苏在冷战期间对抗的原因。
This is why Hitler spent so much on the 1936 Olympics games - to project Germany of an image of being a superpower under the Nazis. This is the same reason why China and US are competing quite fiercely and why US and USSR fought during Cold war.
俄罗斯和中国比美国更穷，但由于它们的专制力和全球野心，可以将更多资源投入到体育中。
这就是希特勒在1936年奥运会上投入大量资金的原因——为了展示纳粹统治下德国的超级大国形象。这也是中国和美国竞争激烈的原因，以及美苏在冷战期间对抗的原因。
India’s superpower ambitions are quite new and has started setting up leagues and creating an ecosystem around Chess, Badminton, Wrestling. While the progress is visible in some sports with occasional brilliances and superstars (in javelin and shooting), overall the Olympics ecosystem is at pre-nascent state. It will take decades to make a change.
印度的超级大国野心相对较新，已经开始围绕国际象棋、羽毛球和摔跤设立联赛并创建生态系统。虽然在标枪和射击等项目上有偶尔的出色表现和超级明星，但整体奥运生态系统还处于初期阶段。改变需要几十年。
印度的超级大国野心相对较新，已经开始围绕国际象棋、羽毛球和摔跤设立联赛并创建生态系统。虽然在标枪和射击等项目上有偶尔的出色表现和超级明星，但整体奥运生态系统还处于初期阶段。改变需要几十年。
Like it or not- Olympics is about geopolitical clout more than real sporting prowess. Hosting an Olympics even more so, which is why I am not cocky about the government’s ambitions of hosting such events. We already saw what the Commonwealth games did to our image.
不管你是否喜欢，奥运会更多的是关于地缘政治影响力，而非真正的体育实力。举办奥运会更是如此，这就是为什么我对政府举办此类活动的雄心并不自大。我们已经看到了英联邦运动会对我们形象的影响。
不管你是否喜欢，奥运会更多的是关于地缘政治影响力，而非真正的体育实力。举办奥运会更是如此，这就是为什么我对政府举办此类活动的雄心并不自大。我们已经看到了英联邦运动会对我们形象的影响。
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I totally hate Olympics because of the whining that occur after each and every Olympics in India.
Where, Indians & India are mocked incessantly by Indians themselves. Which is used by dedicated White Supremacists to target Indians Abroad.
我完全讨厌奥运会，因为在印度每次奥运会后都会有抱怨。
在这里，印度人和印度被印度人自己不断嘲笑。这也被专门的白人至上主义者用来攻击在国外的印度人。
white as well as indians are caucasoid at the end of the day, I do see indians winning a lot of medals in the future as there is a strong will to grow and there is limited success
白人和印度人最终都是高加索人，我确实看到印度人在未来赢得很多奖牌，因为他们有强烈的成长意愿，虽然成功有限。
These concept of Negroud, Caucasoid or Mongoloid are utter meaningless stuff & forms no basis of identity in India.
这些关于尼格罗、高加索人或蒙古人种的概念完全没有意义，也不构成印度身份的基础。
Indians are more than just caucasoid, there are Dravidians too for instance
印度人不仅仅是高加索人，例如还有达罗毗荼人。
dravidians also caucasoid, not australoid
达罗毗荼人也是高加索人，不是澳大利亚人。
Indians have negrito, mongoloid races too along with caucasoid and dravidians. India is super diverse, only slightly less diverse than African continent.
印度人除了高加索人和达罗毗荼人外，还有尼格罗人种和蒙古人种。印度非常多样化，仅次于非洲大陆。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Would you please stop this nonsense about RACE. Facial FEATURES & SKIN COLOUR has no significance in India.
你能不能停止这种关于种族的胡说八道。面部特征和肤色在印度毫无意义。
“the five major racial types - Australoid, Mongoloid, Europoid, Caucasian, and Negroid find representation among the people of India.”
“印度人中有五种主要的种族类型——澳大利亚人种、蒙古人种、欧洲人种、高加索人种和尼格罗人种。”
How then did China win 28 medals including 5 Gold in 1988?
Their GDP per capita was the same as ours (370 to 360 Dollars)
Their Poverty was same as ours
那么，中国是如何在1988年赢得28枚奖牌，包括5枚金牌的？
他们的人均GDP与我们相同（370到360美元）。
他们的贫困情况与我们相同。
Long term, patient and brutally successful
这是因为他们在基层识别人才和培养人才，而不是向6-7个人投入大量资金并要求奖牌。
长期、耐心且残酷地成功。
Only if Kabaddi was an Olympic sport India would've had two shots at gold medals. Compound Archery could've potentially given us three gold medals.
But yes, China without a doubt is the better of two.
如果卡巴迪是奥运项目，印度就能有两次获得金牌的机会。复合弓射箭可能会给我们带来三枚金牌。
但毫无疑问，中国是两者中更强的。
On a fully separate note
What is compound archery?
完全换个话题。
什么是复合弓射箭？
Well neither am I an expert on Archery. But here's what I know.
There are two types of Archery - Recurve and Compound. Recurve is the one present at the Olympics. Compound doesn't feature at the Olympics.
The basic difference among the two is the type of bow.
我也不是射箭专家。但我知道的是。
射箭有两种类型——反曲弓和复合弓。反曲弓是奥运会上使用的那种，复合弓不在奥运会上出现。
两者之间的基本区别是弓的类型。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In Compound, the type of bow follows a straight pattern. One needn't have to pull the string. The distance from the Archer to the board is 50m.
In the image below, Jyothi Surekha wields a compound bow compared to Deepika Kumari's recurve bow.
反曲弓的弓形有曲线，因此得名。弦需要用力拉，并且需要更好的技术。射手与靶的距离为70米。
复合弓的弓形是直的，不需要拉弦。射手与靶的距离为50米。
在下图中，Jyothi Surekha使用的是复合弓，而Deepika Kumari使用的是反曲弓。
Autocracy
专制
Jhumla should be a sport in Olympics.
Jhumla 应该成为奥运会的一个项目。
译注：Jhumla是印度传统舞蹈
Epic fail
彻底失败
No India will win Gold, silver and Bronze in all sports.
不，印度将在所有运动中赢得金牌、银牌和铜牌。
They where already richer than india by 1988
Gdp per capita is not an Accurate measurement of countries power china was already experiencing rapid growth while the Indian government was busy in wars and civil wars happening in neighborhood countries
到1988年，他们已经比印度富裕了。
人均GDP并不是衡量国家实力的准确指标。中国当时已经在快速增长，而印度政府则忙于邻国的战争和内战。
They are a martial group of people. They pride themselves in physical strength, martial arts and dedication. So are Japanese.
他们是一个尚武的群体，以体力、武术和奉献精神为傲。日本人也是如此。
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China literally runs olympics camps
The moment our govt comes p with a torture programme like this- We all know what would happen
中国确实在进行奥运训练营。
如果我们的政府也推出这样的“折磨”计划——我们都知道会发生什么。
We can certainly get 10 to 20 medals without running any camps.
即使不设立任何训练营，我们也可以获得10到20枚奖牌。
unlikely
不太可能。
We are already at 7, 10 is not a stretch. 20 might take a bit of effort yes. In this olympics too, plenty of 4th place finishes plus unfortunate Vinesh saga.
我们已经拿到了7枚，10枚不是难事。20枚可能需要一些努力。在本届奥运会上，也有很多第四名的成绩，还有不幸的Vinesh事件。
India got 7 medals in Tokyo including one gold two silvers and 4 Bronze. Paris olympics it currently stands at 6, with 1 silver and 5 Bronze. Don't think there is any progress.
印度在东京获得了7枚奖牌，包括1枚金牌、2枚银牌和4枚铜牌。巴黎奥运会目前是6枚，1银5铜。我认为没有什么进步。
Bit disappointing sure, but such things are expected. If journey is smooth, where is the fun in that. Bumps are expected. India came pretty close to more than 10 medals. I care about number of medals, not position on the table. One big problem is India is pretty good at athletic levels at Asiad levels, but still a bit away from global standards in athletics( except in javelin of course). So that kind of bulks up our number of athletes at olympics.
有些失望，但这是预料之中的。如果旅程一帆风顺，那又有什么乐趣？波折是预料中的事。印度差点就超过了10枚奖牌。我关心的是奖牌数量，而不是排行榜上的位置。一个大问题是，印度在亚运会水平的田径项目上表现不错，但在全球标准上还有些差距（当然，除了标枪）。这也使得我们在奥运会上的运动员数量有所增加。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I agree, but for that we need to add the X Factor to these sports, just the way we did for Cricket
We need pvt investements,sponsorship & a lot so that a kid sitting in remote village aspire to become an athlete as it will get get him tons of money, which in turn is again dependent on the pvt investments
Cricket would ve been in the similar condition, if we would ve relied entirely on Govt
我同意，但为此我们需要为这些运动增加X因素，就像我们为板球所做的那样。
我们需要私人投资、赞助等等，这样坐在偏远村庄的孩子才能渴望成为运动员，因为这将为他带来大量金钱，而这又依赖于私人投资。
如果我们完全依赖政府，板球也会处于类似的境地。
We are getting there, I don’t want central or state govt to spend too much money on Olympics, in order to prove a point that India is vishwaguru in sports. Most of the funding should come from corporates and people themselves. Maybe a few govt funded organisations can pitch in too, like military and they are already doing it. I want govt to spend money on real things, which directly improves productivity of people to propel our GDP growth, like education, infrastructure etc.
我们正在努力实现目标，我不希望中央或州政府在奥运会上花太多钱，只是为了证明印度在体育方面是世界导师。大部分资金应该来自企业和个人。也许一些政府资助的组织也可以参与进来，比如军队，他们已经在做这些了。我希望政府把钱花在真正的事情上，直接提高人们的生产力，以推动我们的GDP增长，比如教育、基础设施等。
Makes sense
有道理。
Just like we can certainly become world superpower without improving anything in our lives.
就像我们可以在不改善生活的情况下成为世界超级大国一样。
Superpower mean ability to project military force outside your region. World has only one defacto superpower US and people say even that will go away. So aspiring for superpower status is not such a great idea. Even China with all their strength is hesitant to directly involve itself in middle east
超级大国意味着能够在本地区之外投射军事力量。世界上只有一个事实上的超级大国——美国，而人们说甚至连它都会消失。所以追求超级大国地位并不是一个好主意。即使中国拥有所有的力量，也不敢直接介入中东。
The business of American business is war
The only thing NOT made in China is war
美国商业的本质是战争。
中国唯一不生产的东西就是战争。
You're spot on about the ecosystem.
I have a close friend in Canada who's also an Irish passport holder. He's training to qualify to represent Ireland in speed skating in the Winter Olympics 2026. He started speed skating when he was 6. He didn't focus much in school and doubled down on speed skating. In countries like Canada they see it as a career because there's a tried and tested pathway.
你说得很对，关于生态系统。
我在加拿大有一个好朋友，他也是爱尔兰护照持有者。他正在训练，争取在2026年冬季奥运会上代表爱尔兰参加速度滑冰。他6岁开始滑冰，在学校并没有太多专注，而是加倍投入滑冰训练。在像加拿大这样的国家，他们把这当作一种职业，因为有一条经过检验的路径。
So far we have the ecosystem to nurture brains. Thanks to our athletes who've shown that we also have the brawns
这类似于为什么印度人或西方的印度侨民在工程、医学或商业等领域占主导地位。印度在绿卡竞争中远远领先于我们新的Quora竞争对手中国。海外印度人也开始在硅谷创业竞赛中占据主导地位。
到目前为止，我们有了培养人才的生态系统。感谢我们的运动员，他们展示了我们也有体力。
Korea, Netherlands, Spain, NZ, Uzbekistan super powers? A country with somebody like Nita Ambani as Olympics member does not deserve more medals. Olympics is just an occasion for publicity.
韩国、荷兰、西班牙、新西兰、乌兹别克斯坦是超级大国吗？一个拥有尼塔·安巴尼这样的人作为奥委会成员的国家不值得获得更多奖牌。奥运会只是宣传的场合。
Also, as economic prosperity increases, new generation gets much better nutrition and disposable income to train for sports.
The incresing Chinese physical prowess is astounding. Chinese were seen as short and weak just a couple decades back. Now Chinese athelates are increasingly showing their dominance in such sports as wrestling, weight-lifting and even track&field. It is unbelievable how stronger and taller new generation of Chinese kids have become.
此外，随着经济繁荣的增加，新一代获得了更好的营养和可支配收入来进行体育训练。
中国人的体力增强令人震惊。就在几十年前，中国人还被认为是矮小且虚弱的。现在中国运动员在摔跤、举重甚至田径等运动中越来越显示出他们的主导地位。新一代中国孩子变得更强壮更高大，真是难以置信。
US government does not spend too much money on olympics. Most of it is funded by corporates and fans. And also US does not rank by number of gold medals won, they rank by number of medals. They consider bronze equal to gold. The notion that olympics is war by other means is not a notion prent in US, either among the athletes or the govt or the people. I am sure Chinese athletes also are like US athletes , they try to do the best and any medal is celebrated by them. However the Chinese state considers olympics a war by other means. Earlier Soviet unx also did the same. Hence Chinese govt and Soviet unx fund olympics athletes to get to number 1 by gold medal count to prove Com...ism is better than capitalism. To get some propaganda points.
美国政府并没有在奥运会上花费太多钱。大部分资金由企业和粉丝提供。而且美国不是按金牌数排名，而是按奖牌数排名。他们认为铜牌等同于金牌。奥运会是另一种形式的战争，这种观念在美国，无论是在运动员中，还是在政府或人民中都不流行。我相信中国运动员也和美国运动员一样，他们尽力而为，任何奖牌都得到庆祝。然而，中国认为奥运会是另一种形式的战争。早期苏联也是如此。因此，中国和苏联为奥运会运动员提供资金，以通过金牌数排名第一，证明gczy优于资本主义。以此获取宣传点。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
美国关心的是实际的战争:)，并且非常努力地保持领先地位，确保他们的盟友如乌克兰、台湾（地区）或以色列保持领先。甚至不确定奥运会是否仍然在西方国家受到密切关注。这主要取决于个别运动员的动机和激情。
North Korea’s 2024 Olympic performance is also inspiring considering that their population is known as not getting basic needs from the regime.
朝鲜在2024年奥运会上的表现也很鼓舞人心，考虑到他们的人民被认为得不到政权提供的基本需求。
I guess ONLY if Quora answer writing and subsequent comment writing/upvoting was an Olympic sport THEN obviously our two great SBI government bank officer senior citizens Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam and his old chum Nagarajan Srinivas sir could have given us GOLD medals.
我想如果在奥运会上有写Quora答案和后续评论/点赞的项目，那么显然我们的两位伟大的印度国家银行退休老职员Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam和他的老朋友Nagarajan Srinivas先生可以为我们赢得金牌。
Agree to some extent. There are other reasons one of which is all these countries find the talented kids, train them from very early in life. There are athletes from Australia & Canada who are just teenagers and participating in Olympics and some of them are even winning gold medals. This is also one reason India is doing good in Wrestling, Chess, Hockey because we have institutes in India now where people are sending their 10–12 years old for training.
在某种程度上我同意。还有其他原因，其中之一是这些国家从很小的时候就发现了有天赋的孩子，并进行训练。来自澳大利亚和加拿大的运动员中，有些还是十几岁的青少年，他们已经参加奥运会，有些甚至赢得了金牌。这也是印度在摔跤、国际象棋和曲棍球方面表现良好的原因之一，因为我们现在在印度有一些机构，人们将他们10-12岁的孩子送去训练。
Finland is a rich and developed country. And also a country which hosted Olympics and World athletic events. Yet they are showing a blank in the medal tally. Isn’t it because they are not investing less money in sports? Backward countries have won gold medals. When there was a nation East Germany, they used to win a lot of medals. In 1984, New Zealand were above Australia in the medal tally. But that was the last time it happened. Now United Germany is not winning that many medals. Why these things happen? Why are we to be worried about not winning many medals in Olympics?
芬兰是一个富裕和发达的国家。也是一个举办过奥运会和世界田径赛事的国家。然而，他们在奖牌榜上是空白。这不是因为他们在体育上投入较少吗？落后国家也赢得过金牌。东德曾经是一个国家的时候，他们赢得了很多奖牌。在1984年，新西兰的奖牌榜排名超过了澳大利亚。但那是最后一次发生这种情况。现在统一后的德国并没有赢得那么多奖牌。为什么会发生这些事？我们为什么要担心在奥运会上赢得的奖牌不多？
Germany is in top 10 in Olympics 2024. Don’t know the reason for Finland’s poor showing though.
德国在2024年奥运会上进入了前十。但不知道芬兰表现不佳的原因。
Germany in 2024 has won 12 golds. In 1988, East Germany itself won 37 golds and were second placed. Since 1992, combined Germany has never won that many golds. This is the point I am telling. If needed more point, Luxembourg, a developed country is also showing blank in medal tally.
2024年德国获得了12枚金牌。而在1988年，东德本身就赢得了37枚金牌，排名第二。自1992年以来，统一后的德国从未赢得过那么多金牌。这就是我想说的。如果需要更多的例子，卢森堡，一个发达国家，也在奖牌榜上显示为空白。
Finally, someone is spitting facts about olympics. That, olympic medal tally has no relation with the development of a nation in concern.
Like, Finland same as Portugal, which has won just 5 olympic gold medals in 100 years, less than India's 10.
Mind you Portugal is also a White Western European Nation.
终于，有人说出了奥运会的事实。奥运奖牌榜与一个国家的发展无关。
比如，芬兰和葡萄牙一样，在100年里只赢得了5枚奥运金牌，比印度的10枚还少。
请注意，葡萄牙也是一个白人西欧国家。
Finns have horrible genes. They are weak af
芬兰人的基因很糟糕。他们非常弱。