你认为比亚迪和华为之间的竞争将如何影响中国电动汽车制造业的未来？

How do you think the competition between BYD and Huawei will affect the future of China's electric vehicle manufacturing industry?

2024-08-13 Aya Shawn 8844 24 18 收藏纠错&举报

译文简介

网友：比亚迪与华为虽然都进入了汽车行业，但毕竟是两家完全不同的公司。比亚迪是一家与丰田运营模式极为相似的传统汽车企业。比亚迪将自己的竞争力定位在“综合制造能力和规模优势”上，并效仿丰田，建立了专门的供应链，投资汽车重要总成和零部件，力图“从螺丝钉到整车全部自己生产，并在每个环节控制成本，最终通过规模降低成本”。虽然比亚迪擅长制造电池、电机和充电设备，在电动汽车领域拥有非常强的优势，但比亚迪并不是一家科技公司……

正文翻译

I have been following you for a long time and would like to ask you a question
How do you think the rivalry between BYD and Huawei will shape the future of electric vehicle manufacturing in China?

我已经关注你很久了，想问你一个问题
你认为比亚迪和华为之间的竞争将如何影响中国电动汽车制造业的未来？

@Aya Shawn
Living in Singapore, professional investorJun 13
BYD and Huawei are two completely different companies, even though they have both entered the automotive industry.
BYD is a traditional automaker that operates very similarly to Toyota. BYD positions its competitiveness in "comprehensive manufacturing capabilities and scale advantages", and they have built a dedicated supply chain, following Toyota's example. They invest in important automotive assemblies and parts, trying to "make everything from screws to complete vehicles by themselves, and control costs at every lix, and ultimately reduce costs through scale". Although BYD is good at making batteries, motors and charging equipment, and has a very strong advantage in the field of electric vehicles, BYD is not a technology company.

比亚迪与华为虽然都进入了汽车行业，但毕竟是两家完全不同的公司。
比亚迪是一家与丰田运营模式极为相似的传统汽车企业。比亚迪将自己的竞争力定位在“综合制造能力和规模优势”上，并效仿丰田，建立了专门的供应链，投资汽车重要总成和零部件，力图“从螺丝钉到整车全部自己生产，并在每个环节控制成本，最终通过规模降低成本”。虽然比亚迪擅长制造电池、电机和充电设备，在电动汽车领域拥有非常强的优势，但比亚迪并不是一家科技公司。

In Southeast Asia, it is easy to see BYD's electric vehicles, Seagull, ATTO3 are very popular models. But they are not cool, there is almost no cutting-edge technology on BYD's cars, and the software experience is also lackluster. They are cheap, practical, and a good alternative to traditional fuel vehicles.
Huawei is a typical technology company, in fact, it is world-famous for making mobile phones and communication products. Huawei's behavior in the automotive industry is more like Bosch and Tesla, which focus on the research and development of some key technologies but are not keen on traditional car manufacturing.

在东南亚，很容易看到比亚迪的电动车，海鸥、ATTO3都是很受欢迎的车型。但它们并不酷，比亚迪的车上几乎没有什么前沿科技，软件体验也乏善可陈。它们便宜、实用，是传统燃油车的不错替代品。
华为是一家典型的科技公司，其实它以制造手机和通讯产品闻名全球。华为在汽车行业的行为更像是博世和特斯拉，专注于一些关键技术的研发，但并不热衷于传统的汽车制造。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Tesla's operating model: master the key part of advanced electric vehicles, "software"; other parts are completed through third-party suppliers, and Tesla's batteries and motors are all produced by third parties. Tesla's factory just puts these things together.
Huawei is essentially more radical than Tesla. They have not even made a car themselves. All cars related to Huawei are actually produced by OEM manufacturers. They just use Huawei's electronic parts, operating systems and autonomous driving algorithms. They are also unwilling to be a back-end supplier like Bosch, but use their reputation to constantly tell consumers: Huawei's soul is the key to the car.
Tesla: Focus on my soul, and let others help me make my body
Huawei: It is a better choice to inject my soul into someone else's body
BYD: What is the soul? A cheap body can beat everything

特斯拉的运营模式：掌握先进电动汽车的关键部分“软件”，其他部分通过第三方供应商完成，特斯拉的电池、电机等全部由第三方生产，特斯拉的工厂只是把这些东西拼凑起来而已。
华为本质上比特斯拉更加激进，他们自己连一辆车都没有造过，跟华为有关的车其实都是OEM厂商生产的，只是用了华为的电子零部件、操作系统和自动驾驶算法而已，他们也不愿意像博世那样做后端供应商，而是用自己的口碑不断告诉消费者：华为的灵魂才是汽车的关键。
特斯拉：专注于我的灵魂，让别人帮助我塑造我的身体
华为：将自己的灵魂注入别人体内是更好的选择
比亚迪：灵魂是什么？廉价的车身可以打败一切

In 2024, Huawei launched a new model M9, a luxury SUV priced at more than $80,000. Its high price exceeds most traditional luxury brand cars, but it is still sought after. Many BMW and Benz users turned to Huawei, becoming the best-selling luxury car in the Chinese market that season.
In 2024, BYD launched a new car with hybrid power, which BYD claims can travel 2,000 kilometers after a single refuel. The car has the size of a Toyota Camry, but it only costs $13,000. It quickly became the best-selling model in the Chinese market.

2024年，华为推出了新款M9，这是一款售价超过8万美元的豪华SUV。其高昂的价格超过了大多数传统豪华品牌轿车，但仍然受到追捧。许多宝马、奔驰用户转而购买华为，成为当季中国市场最畅销的豪华车。
2024年，比亚迪推出了一款混合动力新车，比亚迪声称一次加油即可行驶2000公里。这款车尺寸与丰田凯美瑞相当，但售价仅为1.3万美元。它迅速成为中国市场上最畅销的车型。

There is no doubt that the two companies are on completely different paths. In fact, Chinese companies are trying to find the right direction of development on many roads, and BYD and Huawei are just two of the more famous ones. In fact, Chinese companies such as NIO, Zeekr, Xpeng and Lixiang, Leapmotor are all trying their own way of development.
The advantage of China's electric vehicle industry does not come from a company like Tesla. If Tesla is a lion, then they are a wolf pack.
In the future market competition, some wolves in the wolf pack may die because of getting lost or lack of food, or even be eaten by other wolves. But the Chinese believe that the one who survives in the end will be the king who dominates the grassland.

毫无疑问，两家公司走的是完全不同的道路。事实上，中国企业在很多道路上都在尝试寻找正确的发展方向，比亚迪和华为只是其中比较出名的两家。事实上，蔚来、Zeekr、小鹏汽车以及理想、零跑汽车等中国企业都在尝试自己的发展之路。
中国电动车行业的优势，不来自于特斯拉这样的公司，如果说特斯拉是一头狮子，那他们就是一个狼群。
在未来的市场竞争中，狼群中可能会有一部分狼因为走失、食物匮乏而死亡，甚至被其他狼吃掉，但中国人相信，最后生存下来的狼，才是主宰草原的王者。

评论翻译

@Mcd
Maybe a tie up of BYD and Huawei will kill all EV competition inside of China
Build your Huawei

也许比亚迪和华为的合作将扼杀中国境内的所有电动汽车竞争

BYH
@David K.d.
BYD makes cars both cheaper and more expensive than Huawei makes. I think you're looking down on them a bit there. Heck, BYD has a supercar that costs 200k.

比亚迪生产的汽车比华为生产的汽车既便宜又贵。我觉得你有点小看他们了。嘿，比亚迪有一辆20万的超级跑车。

@Changyu
Do you think Huawei's strategy of not making cars on its own, but helping other automakers make better vehicles, is a wise approach? Why or why not?

您认为华为不自己生产汽车，而是帮助其他汽车制造商生产更好的汽车的策略是明智的吗？为什么？

@Aya Shawn
No, Huawei's choice is not wise
Huawei is trying to position itself as an independent automotive parts supplier. Just like Bosch or Continental, they provide key assemblies and technologies to other car companies.
If Huawei were a European company, their choice would be fine. The European automotive industry pursues an independent-cooperative model. Many companies operate in their own professional fields and cooperate with other companies.
For example, Volkswagen has used Bosch's on-board computers for decades, and BMW has also purchased ZF's gearboxes for a long time. Audi and Porsche have always been loyal customers of Schaeffler.

不，华为的选择并不明智
华为试图将自己定位为一家独立的汽车零部件供应商。就像博世或大陆集团一样，它们为其他汽车公司提供关键的组件和技术。
如果华为是一家欧洲公司，那么他们的选择就没问题，欧洲汽车行业奉行的是自主-合作模式，很多公司在自己的专业领域内运作，同时与其他公司进行合作。
比如大众几十年来一直使用博世的车载电脑，宝马也长期采购ZF的变速箱，奥迪、保时捷也一直是舍弗勒的忠实客户。

In the European automotive industry, independent suppliers of important parts can survive well and maintain a transcendent position.
But this situation does not exist in China, Japan, and South Korea.
The automotive industries of China, Japan, and South Korea pursue a "family" model, and each car company tries to take control of the entire supply chain in its own hands, unless they are too weak to do so.
The automobile companies in China, Japan, and South Korea are latecomers in the human automobile manufacturing industry. In the process of competing with their European and American counterparts, they have been excluded and treated unequally. This gives these Asian companies a strong sense of crisis: it is a bad thing when a key assembly relies on a third-party supplier.

在欧洲汽车行业中，重要零部件的独立供应商都能很好地生存下来，并保持超越的地位。
但中国、日本、韩国都不存在这种情况。
中、日、韩三国的汽车产业都奉行“家族式”模式，各家车企都试图把整条供应链掌控在自己手中，除非自己实力太弱，无法做到这一点。
中日韩汽车企业在人类汽车制造业中属于后来者，在与欧美同行竞争的过程中，一直受到排挤和不平等对待，这让这些亚洲企业有强烈的危机感：关键总成依赖第三方供应商，是一件坏事。

Therefore, when an automobile company grows, it will always choose to control its own destiny. In the era of fuel vehicles, they strive to control key parts such as engines, transmissions, on-board computers and chassis structures. In the era of electric vehicles, it becomes batteries, drive motors, power control equipment, software and operating systems.
This means that Huawei's positioning cannot be maintained in the long run.
When an automobile company is not strong enough. They need Huawei's support and will choose to cooperate with Huawei and purchase Huawei's kits and solutions.

所以，汽车企业在成长的过程中，永远都会选择自己掌握命运，燃油车时代力争掌握发动机、变速箱、车载电脑、底盘结构等关键零部件，电动汽车时代则变成电池、驱动电机、动力控制设备、软件、操作系统等。
这意味着华为的定位无法长期维持。
当一个汽车企业实力不够强的时候，需要华为的支持，就会选择跟华为合作，购买华为的套件和解决方案。

But when an automobile company grows, they immediately begin to consider that they cannot put their eggs in one basket, and dependence on Huawei is dangerous. They will start trying to establish their own supply system to replace Huawei.
This is the difference in the development culture of the automobile industry in different countries. Unfortunately, Huawei is a Chinese company, and for a long time, it can only do business in China. This determines that Huawei's customers are some "not so strong" automobile companies, and they only regard Huawei as a transitional partner.

但当一家汽车公司发展壮大起来的时候，他们马上就会开始考虑不能把鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，依赖华为是危险的，他们会开始尝试建立自己的供应体系来取代华为。
这就是不同国家汽车行业发展文化的差异。很遗憾，华为是一家中国公司，很长时间内只能在中国做生意。这就决定了华为的客户都是一些“实力不那么强”的汽车企业，他们只把华为当成一个过渡性的合作伙伴。

This makes Huawei's business unsustainable in the long term. (The partner you spend a lot of time developing always wants to leave you and go it alone), the current reality fully illustrates this point. The companies that jointly develop cars with Huawei are basically automobile brands that are at a disadvantage in China's industry competition. It is conceivable that if one of these partners becomes stronger, they will leave Huawei and try to "control their own key destiny."
This awkward market positioning cannot allow Huawei to grow into a real leading brand in the automotive industry. In the end, Huawei must do this by controlling an automobile company. Let us wait and see.

这使得华为的业务长期来看难以为继。（你花大量时间培养的合作伙伴总是想离开你，自己单干），目前的现实充分说明了这一点。与华为联合开发汽车的公司，基本都是在中国行业竞争中处于劣势的汽车品牌。可以想象，如果这些合作伙伴中有一个变得更强大，他们就会离开华为，试图“掌握自己关键的命运”。
这种尴尬的市场定位，无法让华为成长为汽车行业真正的领军品牌，最终还是要靠控股一家汽车公司来实现，让我们拭目以待吧。

@Mcd
I have a theory that Huawei does this because they predicts that eventually the only OS that's not sanctioned in China will be HarmonyOS
Apple or Android based OS for any IOT devices probably will get some sanctions for operating in China by US some time sooner or later, for reasons of “National security threat of providing China with IOT technology”

我有一个理论，华为这样做是因为他们预测最终唯一不受制裁的中国操作系统将是鸿蒙操作系统
任何基于苹果或安卓的物联网设备操作系统可能迟早都会因为在中国运营而受到美国的制裁，理由是“向中国提供物联网技术对国家安全构成威胁”
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

@Monkey
GAC Group is Toyota's joint venture factory in China. According to GAC Group's employees, when GAC Group produces its own brand: Trumpchi, even if it can buy many cheaper and higher-quality non-critical parts from other upstream companies, it must give up a large part and use parts from Toyota's supply chain, otherwise Toyota's supply chain will stop supplying automatic transmissions.
Trumpchi once launched a GS8, which had an impact on the sales of Highlander, and then its automatic transmission was "out of stock".

广汽集团是丰田在华的合资工厂，据广汽集团员工透露，广汽集团生产自主品牌传祺时，即便能从其他上游企业买到不少价格更便宜、质量更高的非关键零部件，但也必须放弃很大一部分，使用丰田供应链的零部件，否则丰田供应链就会停止供应自动变速箱。
传祺曾推出GS8，对汉兰达销量造成冲击，随后其自动变速箱“断货”。
@寒非王

Good prediction, Huawei just sold Wenjie

预测得好，华为刚刚卖掉了问界

@useri8719191
Yes. Huawei is not adapted to making cars. They can boost the software, design, and strategies. They can win in a very lucrative market with their stake hold in Seres EV cars.

是的。华为不适合造汽车。他们可以提升软件、设计和策略。他们可以通过持有赛里斯电动汽车股份赢得利润丰厚的市场。

@Bomneu21
First, to partner with another company who is specialized in the industry make better end products because Huawei’s strength is in electronics and software, not car manufacturing. eg. Huawei partners with Leica which is specialized in optics. Second reason is survival. Under the current sanction, open up another front drain great deal of cash. Third, it will open up to other car manufactures to use Huawei technology instead of competing in car manufacturing. Huawei system will become a standard in the car industry like how it dominates in 5G and cell phone.

首先，与另一家专门从事该行业的公司合作，生产更好的终端产品，因为华为的优势在于电子和软件，而不是汽车制造。例如。华为与专门从事光学领域的徕卡合作。第二个原因是生存。在目前的制裁下，开辟了另一条流失大量现金的战线。第三，它将向其他汽车制造商开放使用华为技术，而不是在汽车制造领域进行竞争。华为系统将像5G、手机等领域一样，成为汽车行业的标准。

@Boki11uy
Chip ban forced Huawei to adopt or die, and with it being a majority staffed owned company, every workers entire families livelihood was at stake. So they decided go with cars, they don't require 5nm chips, they used 28nm or higher which Chinese companies produce already, and china already has massive industrial capacity and knowhow for cars. So they changed to cars with local suppliers not affected by US sanctions. You can't hold back 1.4 billion people. You can try to slow them down but those people won't forgot the attack and will work actively to negate your attack.

芯片禁令迫使华为要么采用，要么消亡，而且由于华为是一家拥有多数员工的公司，每个工人整个家庭的生计都受到威胁。所以他们决定选择汽车，他们不需要5纳米芯片，他们使用中国公司已经生产的28纳米或更高的芯片，而且中国已经拥有巨大的汽车工业能力和技术。因此，他们改用不受美国制裁影响的当地供应商的汽车。你挡不住14亿人。你可以尝试减慢他们的速度，但那些人不会忘记这次攻击，并且会积极地抵消你的攻击。

@Alexanders11121
Because it’s crazy difficult. What Tesla has accomplished is a Miracle. FORD and Tesla are the only two US car companies to Not Go Bankrupt. There Are Many new EV start-ups to compete against. They should be working with one of them.

因为这太困难了。特斯拉所取得的成就堪称奇迹。福特和特斯拉是美国仅有的两家没有破产的汽车公司。有许多新的电动汽车初创企业可以与之竞争。他们应该与其中之一合作。

@Lovejery
Huawei Hi-Car is just a subset of Huawei AI services.
Huawei AI smart system include smart cities, smart airport, smart cargo, smart factory, smart mining, smart farming, smart energy etc.

华为Hi-Car只是华为AI服务的一个子集。
华为AI智慧系统包括智慧城市、智慧机场、智慧货运、智慧工厂、智慧矿山、智慧农业、智慧能源等。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

@Lucyhell
As a matter of necessity, Huawei needs revenue from car sales to help increase business revenue."After four rounds of US sanctions, Huawei's high-frequency, rigid and mass product business has encountered great difficulties. Although the sales volume of smart electric vehicles is not as large as that of mobile phones, the high unit price can make up for the loss of mobile phone sales". In terms of feasibility, Huawei has the advantage of a huge global sales network, which is of a magnitude that automobile brands cannot compare with." Huawei now has 12 flagship stores worldwide, with another five under construction, more than 5,000 high-end experience stores, and more than 60,000 retail and service outlets."

“出于必然，华为需要汽车销售收入来帮助增加业务收入。”经过美国四轮制裁，华为高频次、刚性化、量产的产品业务遇到了很大困难。不像手机那么大，高单价可以弥补手机销量的损失”。从可行性上来说，华为拥有庞大的全球销售网络的优势，这是汽车品牌无法比拟的规模。”华为目前在全球拥有12家旗舰店，另有5家在建，超过5000个高端体验店商店以及超过 60,000个零售和服务网点。”

It has been rumored for years that Huawei would build cars, but Huawei has always denied it. Although Huawei has repeatedly stated that it does not build cars, and is actually moving forward with its decision on smart car parts, there is still considerable expectation and speculation about Huawei's car building.
Combined with the feasibility of Huawei car’s advantages, and Yu Chengdong "Huawei's car is not PPT car, batch delivery in May this year", for Huawei to sell cars, public opinion first gave a greater optimistic attitude.

多年来一直有传言称华为将造车，但华为一直否认。尽管华为多次表示自己不造车，并且实际上正在推进智能汽车零部件的决策，但人们对于华为造车仍抱有相当大的期待和猜测。
结合华为汽车优势的可行性，以及余承东的“华为汽车不是PPT汽车，今年5月批量交付”，对于华为卖车，舆论首先给出了较大的乐观态度。

@Serbira
Most of people speak about electric cars as the new market replacing the ICEcar market. But actually the new market is autonomous electric vehicles, or smart car market as you call it. Very similar to Apple that introduced smart phones compared to existing Nokia mobile phones.
Tesla leads the market today because Tesla is a software company that put an Ai datacenter on wheels

大多数人将电动汽车视为取代传统汽车市场的新市场。但实际上新市场是自动驾驶电动汽车，或者你所说的智能汽车市场。与现有的诺基亚手机相比，苹果公司推出的智能手机非常相似。
特斯拉今天引领市场，因为特斯拉是一家将人工智能数据中心装在轮子上的软件公司

Apple and Android dominated the market because they were software companies, eliminating all the mobile manufacturers.
Google didn’t succeed in the smart car with Waymo, because they didn’t aim far enough.
Huawei released a third OS for smartphones, HarmonyOS. They started with a geofenced solution for EVs, and are working on a second solution similar to Tesla FSD, and they have a third generation in development with embedded 6G
Will they succeed? Fully yes, because they aim farther than anybody else

苹果和安卓主导了市场，因为它们是软件公司，消灭了所有的移动制造商。
谷歌凭借Waymo在智能汽车领域没有取得成功，因为他们的目标还不够远。
华为发布了第三个智能手机操作系统——HarmonyOS。他们从电动汽车的地理围栏解决方案开始，正在开发类似于特斯拉 FSD 的第二个解决方案，他们正在开发带有嵌入式 6G 的第三代解决方案
他们会成功吗？肯定是的，因为他们的目标比任何人都远

@Kevin Dong
The topic of car building has heated up again, and this time Huawei is at the center. At the Global Analyst Conference on April 12, Huawei's rotating chairman Xu Zhijun was asked about car building. He once again emphasized Huawei's position: not to build complete vehicles, but to intervene in the industry as an ICT (information and communication technology) supplier.He also introduced Huawei's plan: to continue to cooperate with car companies this year to launch sub-brand models equipped with Huawei technology.
In fact, this is in line with Huawei's long-standing style, grasping the competitiveness that it already has, and not making rash moves until the consumer market is truly mature.

华为轮值董事长徐直军曾被问及造车问题，他再次强调华为的定位：不造整车，而是以ICT（信息通信技术）供应商的身份介入行业。他还介绍了华为的计划：今年继续与车企合作，推出搭载华为技术的子品牌车型。
其实，这也符合华为一直以来的作风，把握好已经具备的竞争力，等到消费市场真正成熟起来，才不会轻举妄动。

Huawei certainly knows that new energy vehicles and the Internet of Vehicles are not to be missed. In the outlook for 2030, Huawei's imagination is very tempting: new energy vehicles will account for 50%, Norway, the United States, the Netherlands and other countries have determined that they will ban the sale of fuel vehicles around 2030, and Hainan has also taken the lead to announce 2030 is the delisting time.
Huawei's route is partial to Internet companies. They focused on incremental components such as 5G communication modules and lidar. They also studied the core electric system (battery, motor, and electronic control) of new energy vehicles. They also bet on autonomous driving technology and on-board systems. These are the general directions recognized by the industry.

华为当然知道，新能源汽车和车联网不容错过。在对2030年的展望中，华为的想象力非常诱人：新能源汽车占比将达到50%，挪威、美国、荷兰等国家已确定在2030年左右禁售燃油汽车，海南也率先宣布2030年是退市时间。
华为的路线偏互联网公司，他们主攻5G通讯模块、激光雷达等增量部件，也研究新能源汽车的核心电气系统（电池、电机、电控），也押注自动驾驶技术和车载系统，这些都是业界认可的大方向。

Huawei is not without the capability to build a complete vehicle. In October last year, Xu Zhijun, the rotating director, said in an interview: “What Tesla can do now, we can do it.” But this is not Huawei’s strength, nor their core competitiveness. Just as after the development of smart phones to a mature stage, manufacturers have gradually discovered that players who master technology have the right to speak, and the automotive industry may follow a similar path. To be irreplaceable in a technology-intensive industry, after all, it is R&D strength to win.

华为并非没有造整车的能力。去年10月，轮值董事长徐直军在接受采访时表示：“特斯拉现在能做到的，我们也能做到。”但这不是华为的强项，也不是他们的核心竞争力。就像智能手机发展到成熟阶段后，厂商逐渐发现，掌握技术的玩家才有话语权，汽车行业或许也会走类似的路。要在技术密集型行业做到无可替代，毕竟是研发实力取胜。

比亚迪 华为中国 电动汽车 制造业

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