为什么基督教在韩国如此受欢迎?（下篇）
Why is Christianity so popular in South Korea?
译文简介
网友：我曾与一个非宗教信仰的韩国人讨论过基督教在韩国的传播。他的父母是佛教徒，他妻子的母亲是佛教徒，而她的父亲是基督徒，他的一位姐姐嫁给了一个基督徒。他给我列举了几个基督教传播的原因......
正文翻译
Mogra Disu
I once discussed the spread of Christianity in Korea with a non-religious Korean. His parents were Buddhist, his wife’s mother is Buddhist, her father was Christian, one of his sisters is married to a Christian. He gave me several reasons for the spread of Christianity:
我曾与一个非宗教信仰的韩国人讨论过基督教在韩国的传播。他的父母是佛教徒，他妻子的母亲是佛教徒，而她的父亲是基督徒，他的一位姐姐嫁给了一个基督徒。他给我列举了几个基督教传播的原因：
I once discussed the spread of Christianity in Korea with a non-religious Korean. His parents were Buddhist, his wife’s mother is Buddhist, her father was Christian, one of his sisters is married to a Christian. He gave me several reasons for the spread of Christianity:
我曾与一个非宗教信仰的韩国人讨论过基督教在韩国的传播。他的父母是佛教徒，他妻子的母亲是佛教徒，而她的父亲是基督徒，他的一位姐姐嫁给了一个基督徒。他给我列举了几个基督教传播的原因：
1.Christian money came in with investment from Americans, a lot of opportunistic Koreans converted to Christianity for money and jobs. These Koreans were non-religious and only pretended to convert. However their children were indoctrinated into Christianity.
2.The new Christians are fundamentalists and look down and subvert existing Korean culture and Buddhism through various ways.
3.Most Korean Buddhists are secular, and do not try to convert others.
4.Buddhist monks in Korea are disorganized and corrupt.
1.美国的投资带来了基督教的资金，许多机会主义的韩国人为了金钱和工作而皈依基督教。这些韩国人并非虔诚信徒，只是假装皈依。然而，他们的子女却被灌输了基督教的思想。
2.新皈依基督教的人是原教旨主义者，他们看不起并通过各种方式颠覆现有的韩国文化和佛教。
3.大多数韩国佛教徒是世俗化的，他们不试图改变他人信仰。
4.韩国的佛教僧侣组织松散且腐败。
2.The new Christians are fundamentalists and look down and subvert existing Korean culture and Buddhism through various ways.
3.Most Korean Buddhists are secular, and do not try to convert others.
4.Buddhist monks in Korea are disorganized and corrupt.
1.美国的投资带来了基督教的资金，许多机会主义的韩国人为了金钱和工作而皈依基督教。这些韩国人并非虔诚信徒，只是假装皈依。然而，他们的子女却被灌输了基督教的思想。
2.新皈依基督教的人是原教旨主义者，他们看不起并通过各种方式颠覆现有的韩国文化和佛教。
3.大多数韩国佛教徒是世俗化的，他们不试图改变他人信仰。
4.韩国的佛教僧侣组织松散且腐败。
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Christianity came in force to Korea back in the 19th century. The Catholic Church had a long, successful history in Korea - beginning with Korea’s famous King Sejong back in the 15th century. This led to many conversions - including the nobility. Then one of the Korean kings (quick summary here - I’m forgetting the details) decided that Christians were dangerous, so executed a huge number. (Korea has one of the largest numbers of Catholic saints of nations outside Europe for this reason.)
基督教在19世纪大规模传入韩国。天主教会在韩国有着悠久而成功的历史 - 起源于韩国著名的世宗大王，可以追溯到15世纪。这导致许多人皈依基督教，包括贵族阶层。然后，一个韩国国王（这里简单总结一下 - 我忘了细节）决定基督徒是危险的，于是处决了大量信徒。（因此，韩国有欧洲以外国家中拥有最多天主教圣人的国家之一。）
那场可怕的事件对基督教的传播造成了一段时间的伤害，但后来在19世纪，大多数来自美国的新教传教士抵达韩国。除其他事情外，他们开办了大学 - 并向女性开放了这些大学，这在保守、男性主导的韩国绝对算是一场“革命”，在那里妇女没有权利，也极少接受教育。他们还率先反对日本1910年至1945年对韩国的占领，这在韩国赢得了很高的声誉。（韩国大多数，如果不是全部，总统都是基督徒。）
许多新教教派的焦点是“拣选者”的概念 - 那些被预定以某种方式“成功”（或者相反，被注定遭受诅咒）。此外，物质上的成功表明了属灵上的青睐（一个人外在的成功表明上帝眷顾你）。此外，亲近的教会团体对许多韩国人来说吸引人，它们就像延伸的“家庭”，一种特别实用的类型 - 你会把自己的生意带给这些人，也会从他们那里得到生意。我在韩国的私立学校任教时看到过这种情况。许多上学的孩子是学校所有者基督教团体的成员，并与我们做“生意”，而学校所有者则与这些团体的其他成员做“生意”。
The religious division percents that I’ve seen for Korea have probably changed a bit - but it used to be more than 30% Protestants, under 30% Buddhist, perhaps 15–20% Catholic, with the rest unaffiliated.
韩国人开始将新教特别与财务成功联系在一起。关注家庭的新教教派尤为成功。一个例子是摩门教徒，他们关注家谱与儒家关注家庭和祖先的理念完美契合。
我所见过的韩国宗教分布百分比可能有所变化 - 但过去新教徒超过30%，佛教徒不到30%，天主教徒大约15-20%，其余人没有宗教信仰。
From my own family experience the only place for miles that gave aid during then Korean War and afterwards were churches. My grandmother would walk for at least 6 hours to reach a church at age 12 and plead for mixed grains to feed her family. Many times there were times that she came too late so for that night her family would eat less but still it was a lifeline.
My grandmother became a christian after she had seen so much death and hopelessness so in many ways being a christian gave her strength to survive. She made through so many obstacles and I think without religion she wouldn’t have as much hope for the future.
根据我家人的经历，在韩战期间以及之后，只有教堂是唯一一片提供援助的地方。我祖母12岁时要走至少6个小时才能到达一个教堂，请求混合谷物来养活她的家人。很多时候她来得太晚了，所以那个晚上她的家人会吃得更少，但这仍然是他们的救命稻草。
我的祖母在经历了那么多死亡和绝望之后成为了基督徒，所以从很多方面来说，信仰给了她生存的力量。她度过了许多困难，我认为如果没有宗教，她对未来的希望就不会这么大。
For many centuries, Korea was a mix of neo-Confucian and Buddhist practices. Up to the 19th century, when Korea was xenophobic and hostile to outside influences, Christians and western missionaries were actively persecuted.
几个世纪以来，韩国是儒家思想和佛教实践的混合体。直到19世纪，当韩国对外界影响心存恐惧和敌意时，基督徒和西方传教士受到了积极的迫害。
基督教本身是关注被压迫者而非精英阶层的。在韩国，它在农民阶层中变得流行起来。在20世纪，韩国的权力精英被日本殖民者推翻，但日本人反过来压制基督教作为一种西方影响力。二战后，儒家/佛教的王室和日本人消失了，使得基督教在韩国得以公开存在，并成为对所憎恨的殖民者的抗争行为。
需要注意的是，儒教并非严格意义上的宗教，而是一种哲学思想。许多韩国基督徒仍然保持着某种儒家思维模式，并且能够同时容纳这两种思维方式。
Because Koreans are very interested in the God or a god.
I mean Koreans tend to fall for religion compare with other Asians. For example, Chinese and Japanese immigrants tend to establish their own country’s restaurants first, and you can see many Chinese and Japanese restaurants in the US and Canada. However, Korean immigrants establish Christian Church first. There are so many Korean Christianity churches in North America and most of Korean immigrants gather in the Korean churches and associates together in the churches when Chinese and Japanese gather around in their countries restaurants.
因为韩国人对上帝或神非常感兴趣。
我是说相比其他亚洲人，韩国人更倾向于信仰宗教。例如，中国和日本移民往往首先建立自己国家的餐馆，在美国和加拿大你可以看到许多中国和日本餐馆。然而，韩国移民首先建立基督教教堂。在北美有很多韩国基督教教堂，大多数韩国移民会在韩国教堂聚集，并在教堂中结交朋友，而中国人和日本人则在他们的国家餐馆聚集。
It can be the God or a god. One out of four South Koreans believe in the God whereas all of North Koreans believe in a god.
I don’t know why Koreans have tendency to fall for religions, but I think it is their nature of race.
我猜这是种族的本性。韩国人倾向于相信至高无上的存在。
这个可以是上帝或神。四分之一的韩国人相信上帝，而所有的朝鲜人则相信神。
我不知道为什么韩国人有信仰宗教的倾向，但我认为这是他们种族的本性。
Christian missionaries established modern educational institutions that eventually became #2 ranked Yonsei University and highly regarded Ewha Womans University. Foreign missionaries and Korean Christians were leaders in the resistance movement against Japan’s colonial occupation of Korea. The Underwood family, founders of Yonsei University, remained in Korea during the occupation and suffered persecution by the Japanese along with their Korean compatriots. The daughter-in-law of the pioneering missionary Horace Underwood was assassinated by com...sts during the turbulent early period between the end of WWII and the Korean War. The contributions and sacrifices of foreign missionaries and Korean Christians helped the religion gain a strong foothold in Korean society.
基督教传教士建立了现代教育机构，最终成为排名第二的延世大学和备受推崇的梨花女子大学。外国传教士和韩国基督徒是抵抗日本对朝鲜殖民占领的抵抗运动的领导者。延世大学创始人安得烈家族在占领期间留在韩国，并与他们的韩国同胞一起遭受了日本人的迫害。先驱传教士霍勒斯·安德伍德的儿媳在二战结束和朝鲜战争开始之间的动荡早期时期被**党暗杀。外国传教士和韩国基督徒的贡献和牺牲帮助基督教在韩国社会获得了坚实的立足点。
This may come as a shock to some people, but the Christian core of Korea was North Korea under the Japanese. Many Koreans in the US, especially the Korean Christians, originated in and fled from North Korea. My Korean pastor received his theological training in Pyongyang. At that time South Korea was largely under more Buddhist influence.
这可能对某些人来说是个震惊，但韩国的基督教核心是在日本统治下的朝鲜。许多在美国的韩国人，特别是韩国基督徒，起源于并逃离了朝鲜。我的韩国牧师在平壤接受了他的神学培训。那时候，南韩在很大程度上受到更多佛教影响。
韩国基督徒老一代的教会生活之一是晨祷。这意味着每天早上5点起床去一个集合地点一起祷告。我相信这是韩国教会发展和韩国人在全球传播基督教的关键因素之一。
在韩国历史上，传播基督教的自由并不十分广泛。事实上，在目前南韩自由氛围下，基督教在某种程度上正在恶化，因为物质主义在世界上许多其他地方也同样占据主导地位。
Christianity has been so successful in Korea in part because, in the 20th century, Christianity and Christians played a critical role in the country's modernization. Western missionaries played a major role in establishing a prestigious modern Korean education system, for instance, while Christianity was a religion often embraced by Korean nationalists protesting Japanese rule. If Korea had a different history, avoiding Japanese colonization altogether or avoiding it to a late date, Christianity could never have acquired the prestige and popularity that it did.
基督教在韩国取得如此成功的部分原因在于，20世纪时，基督教和基督徒在韩国的现代化进程中发挥了关键作用。例如，西方传教士在建立声誉卓著的现代韩国教育体系中起到了重要作用，而基督教则是韩国民族主义者抗议日本统治时经常接受的宗教。如果韩国有不同的历史，完全避免了日本殖民统治或者延迟了殖民统治的发生，基督教可能永远无法获得它所拥有的声誉和受欢迎程度。
I doubt that it is the western-ness of Christianity that attracts. It is entirely reasonable that the basic message of Christianity is as attractive to humanity as it has been to many others over the last 2000 years. Christianity succeeded because it appealed to common human needs. Which means that the community aspect may well be relevant. Most religions offer, and exploit, the feeling of communality offered by shared rituals and shared beliefs.
我怀疑是基督教的西方性吸引了人们。基督教的基本信息对人类同样具有吸引力，就像在过去2000年中对许多人一样。基督教之所以成功，是因为它吸引了人类的共同需求。这意味着社区的方面可能是相关的。大多数宗教提供并利用了通过共享仪式和共享信念提供的共同感的感觉。
Normally, I would try to dodge these questions but this is my first request from Habib Fanny so let me do my best.
Short answer: Nobody knows.
通常情况下，我会尽量回避这些问题，但这是我第一次接到来自Habib Fanny的请求，所以让我尽力而为。
简短回答：没有人知道。
详细回答：更好的问题应该是为什么韩国拥有大量的大教会。这个问题有更好的答案，因为关于这个话题有很多书籍写就。（甚至有一些是由主持这些教会的牧师们亲自撰写的。）
2.Small pastoral community: Nobody wants to be treated as a stranger. It helps if the church can be further broken down to smaller community that people can know and support each other.
3.Faithful followers: Some focus on regular prayer. Others on sacrificial giving.
The actual list is longer as there are several books written.
1.有针对性的宣传：没有一条单一的信息适合所有人。所有圣经的教义必须为他们的目标听众进行情境化。
2.小型牧养社区：没有人想被当作陌生人。如果教会可以进一步分解成小的社区，那么人们就可以相互了解和支持。
3.忠实的信徒：有些人注重定期祈祷，有些人则注重奉献。 实际名单还更长，因为已经有好几本书写成。
因此，诀窍将是采用最佳实践，对吧？但人们往往有自己的个人偏见，所以他们会偏爱自己喜欢的理论。但我们有一些出色的海外传教士，他们时不时会来分享他们的智慧。再一次采用个人理论的风险。（别指望要求退款。）还有一个风险，就是教会的领袖陷入自己的炒作或偏见中。
如果这个答案听起来像某种典型的商业咨询案例研究，现在你可以理解我对成功故事的看法了。没有银弹。如果你不相信我，你可以随时买本书。
这个答案并不是要抨击教会，而是解释生活中的困难。没有人拥有所有的最佳主意。你必须进行实验。你必须能够从错误中恢复过来。人会来，人会走（这也适用于理论）。当你成功时，人们就可以写关于你成功的任何事情。
After Korean War, missionaries flocked into Korean peninsula. The very first president was Christian too. I think it became popular mainly because they realized their previous belief was wrong after continuous war and colonization. They turned into different belief which basically opened their door to new way of life. And yes, many Koreans attribute their economic success to protestantvirtues such as diligence, believing in the fact that God will pave the way even in the midst of hardships and etc. I think it is kind of similar how Germans attribute their success to protestantism. Even the very first modern hospital was established by missionary (Scott field from University of Toronto). Even their national anthem chants about how God protects its country. So yes South Korea is very Christian dominated country and many Koreans think it was the way to drive Confucianism away.
韩国战后迎来了大量的传教士。第一任韩国总统也是基督徒。我认为韩国基督教盛行的主要原因在于人们意识到他们之前的信仰在持续的战争和殖民统治后是错误的。他们转向了一种不同的信仰，基本上打开了他们走向新生活的大门。许多韩国人将他们的经济成功归功于基督教的美德，比如勤奋工作，相信上帝会在困境中开辟道路等等。我认为这有点类似于德国人将他们的成功归因于新教。甚至韩国的第一家现代医院也是由来自多伦多大学的传教士Scott Field建立的。他们的国歌也唱出上帝保佑国家的情感。因此，许多韩国人认为，基督教是赶走儒家思想的途径。
Because the Japanese tried to impose the Japanese religion and culture on them. Many cultures which were colonized or oppressed by Confucians, Buddhists, Hindus, Musli... and other eastern religions embraced Christianity out of resistance. People don’t understand this and think it’s all western influence when that isn’t the case.
日本试图向他们强加日本宗教和文化。许多被儒家、佛教徒、印度教徒、穆斯林和其他东方宗教殖民或压迫的文化，出于抵抗而接受了基督教。人们不理解这一点，认为一切都是西方的影响，而事实并非如此。
The Korean War left South Korea in ruins. There was stsrving people left and right. People were getting by with rations from the government. It was not the best place, to say the least, to live.
朝鲜战争让韩国陷入了一片废墟。人们饿得慌，到处都是饥饿的人。人们依靠政府的口粮勉强糊口。可以说，这并不是一个理想的生活环境。
战后，美国军队进入了韩国。他们传播基督教。由于战争的影响，韩国人非常快速地接受了基督教。你饥肠辘辘，失去了家园，半个国家都是废墟。突然，有人告诉你，如果你相信这个“上帝”，你会得到天堂。大多数人会迅速成为基督徒。基督教给了他们一个承诺，即如果他们努力工作，就会得到回报。
Long ago, lots of missionsarys came to korea. But actully, it was not Christian missionsry, it was Catholic missionarys. But I think Koreans got influenced by Catholic missionrays and then, they step by steply knew and learned about chrtitantiy. For details, there is also lots of buddhism in Korea because it is there traditional religion.
很久以前，许多传教士来到韩国。但事实上，最早来的是天主教传教士，而不是基督教传教士。但我认为韩国人受到了天主教传教士的影响，然后逐步了解和学习了基督教。此外，韩国也有很多佛教因为这是他们的传统宗教。