为什么日本人和韩国人睡在地板上？
Why do Japanese and Koreans sleep on the floor?
译文简介
网友：美国退役海军飞行员他们不这样。他们睡在地板上的榻榻米床垫上。我在日本住了3年。他们睡在一种重型泡沫床垫上，这种床垫放在一种稻草垫子上，叫做榻榻米垫子。床垫放在地板上。你绝不会穿着鞋子走进榻榻米房间，通常也不会穿拖鞋。整个房间的地板都是榻榻米垫子......
正文翻译
Retired US Navy pilot
They don’t. They sleep on a futon mattress that is on the floor.
I lived in Japan for 3 yrs.
They sleep on a futon, a kind of heavy foam mattress, that lies on top of a straw mat, called a tatami mat. The futon is laid on the floor. You never walk into a tatami mat room with your shoes on, and usually without sleepers. The floor of the entire room is a tatmi mat.
It is like the tatami mat is the box springs for a bed, and the futon is the foam mattress.
But they do not use the kind of bed frx and headboard that you see in the US and other Western countries.
And I can say it’s quite comfortable.
美国退役海军飞行员他们不这样。他们睡在地板上的榻榻米床垫上。
我在日本住了3年。
他们睡在一种重型泡沫床垫上，这种床垫放在一种稻草垫子上，叫做榻榻米垫子。床垫放在地板上。你绝不会穿着鞋子走进榻榻米房间，通常也不会穿拖鞋。整个房间的地板都是榻榻米垫子。
就像榻榻米垫子是床的弹簧床垫，而床垫是泡沫床垫一样。
但他们不使用美国和其他西方国家所见的那种床架和床头板。
我可以说这样睡觉很舒适。
They don’t. They sleep on a futon mattress that is on the floor.
I lived in Japan for 3 yrs.
They sleep on a futon, a kind of heavy foam mattress, that lies on top of a straw mat, called a tatami mat. The futon is laid on the floor. You never walk into a tatami mat room with your shoes on, and usually without sleepers. The floor of the entire room is a tatmi mat.
It is like the tatami mat is the box springs for a bed, and the futon is the foam mattress.
But they do not use the kind of bed frx and headboard that you see in the US and other Western countries.
And I can say it’s quite comfortable.
美国退役海军飞行员他们不这样。他们睡在地板上的榻榻米床垫上。
我在日本住了3年。
他们睡在一种重型泡沫床垫上，这种床垫放在一种稻草垫子上，叫做榻榻米垫子。床垫放在地板上。你绝不会穿着鞋子走进榻榻米房间，通常也不会穿拖鞋。整个房间的地板都是榻榻米垫子。
就像榻榻米垫子是床的弹簧床垫，而床垫是泡沫床垫一样。
但他们不使用美国和其他西方国家所见的那种床架和床头板。
我可以说这样睡觉很舒适。
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I spent a couple of November weeks in an old farmhouse near Kariuzawa. Frost on the windows. Only the stupid table heater…. But reasonably comfortable on the futon with lots of quilts. Getting up out of the warm bedclothes was hard though. The bath wasn't easy either, it was in a little tin roof annex with no heat whatsoever. Oh yeah, did I mention that the toilet was just a pit? Like an indoor outhouse? Those old-school Japanese farmers were hardcore!
我在轻井泽附近的一座老农舍里度过了几个11月的星期。窗户上结了霜。只有愚蠢的桌面取暖器……但铺着很多被子的榻榻米还算舒适。不过，从温暖的被窝里起床确实很困难。洗澡也不容易，因为浴室在一个没有任何供暖的小铁皮屋子里。哦，对了，我提到过厕所只是一个坑吗？像一个室内外房一样？那些老式的日本农民真是顽强！
Doesn't necessarily have to be on tatami though. I lived in japan coincidentally for three years also. Lived in a couple of places and slept on a futon; once on hardwood, once in a loft. For my apartments it was a question of the places being quite small. It was not practical to have a bed in the living room (first place) or the loft which had limited head clearance
不一定非得是榻榻米。碰巧我也在日本住过三年。在几个地方住过，睡在了蒲团上，有一次是在硬木地板上，还有一次是在阁楼上。对于我的公寓来说，主要是因为地方太小，把床放在客厅（第一个地方）或者头顶空间有限的阁楼上不太实际。
Because the ancient Chinese slept and sat on the ground and developed a whole set of etiquette about this habit, such as kneeling and bowing.
the Japanese and Koreans learned and followed this habit because it was the rule of civilized people .
But after the 9th to 10th centuries AD, the Chinese learned about tables and chairs in their trade with the Arabs.
This kind of high-legged furniture gradually became popular among civilians because it was more convenient (no need to take off shoes) and more hygienic ( Think of the bugs underground), but the Japanese and Koreans didn't change with them, and here's why.
因为古代中国人睡觉和坐在地上，并发展了一整套关于这个习惯的礼仪，比如跪拜。
日本人和韩国人学习并遵循这种习惯，因为这是文明人的规矩。
但在公元9到10世纪之后，中国人通过与阿拉伯人的贸易了解到了桌椅。
这种高腿家具逐渐在民间流行起来，因为它更方便（不需要脱鞋）和更卫生（想想地下的虫子），但日本人和韩国人没有改变，原因在于此。
I like sleeping on a futon. Every time I come to Japan, I always choose a hotel with Japanese-style rooms to stay. It feels so free.
我喜欢睡在蒲团上。每次来日本，我都会选择有日式房间的酒店。感觉很自由。
I can talk about Japanese customs.
It is understandable if you can consider the perspective in reverse.
Why do Western people sleep on a bed, but not on the floor?
Many would answer, Why would I want to sleep on the floor, it would be filthy!
The idea of “Filthy Floor” does not exist in Japan. Well, it does, but they would clean it to the extent difficult for our eyes to fully complehend the need.
我可以谈谈日本的习俗。
如果你能反过来考虑这个问题，那就可以理解了。
为什么西方人睡在床上，而不是地板上？
很多人会回答，我为什么要睡在地板上，那会很脏！
日本没有 "脏地板 "这个概念。 确实存在，但他们会把地板打扫得让我们难以完全理解的程度。
人们应该在家里脱鞋。地板被抬高到一定高度，鞋子留在一个叫做“玄关”的空间，那里的地面高度与地面齐平，而起居空间的地板则被抬高到一定高度。
你不应该把泥土带进屋子里，更准确地说，不应该把泥土带到凸起的地方。此外，正如我前面提到的，日本人勤于打扫房子，他们会很高兴地下楼去擦地板。
通常，起居室和卧室等生活空间铺有榻榻米，这种地板不像木地板那么硬。足够舒适坐在上面。它们在夏天感觉凉爽，在冬天提供温暖。
因此，在榻榻米上放一层被子睡觉是非常合理的。抬高的地板和榻榻米在西方意义上起到了类似于“无垫”的作用。对许多人来说，如果不是全部人，这样清洁舒适。这些被子在白天被叠起来收好，晚上才被拿出来使用。白天，房间可以作为起居室、客房和游戏室，晚上则变成卧室。
如果你住在一家日式传统旅馆，你可以体验到这种“转变”以非常美妙的方式展现出来。
They are not in the same room. But you can get the idea.
In addition, a layer of a “matless” is sometimes introduced to create a cushioning effect of a “Bed”, depending on the inn.
这两者并不在同一个房间。但你可以理解这个意思。
另外，有时会增加一层“无垫子”的床垫，以营造出“床”的缓冲效果，这取决于旅馆的情况。
Kevin Lim
South Korean here. Almost everything applies to Korea too, with slight changes.
1.“Filthy Floor” does not exist in Korea, cleaned every day.
2.Shoes are left in the space called “현관(hyun-gwan)” and sometimes stored in “신발장(shinbaljang)”. The rest is the same.
3.Typically, the living space and bedroom have a wooden floor. “Isn’t it cold?”, you might ask, but NOT AT ALL. Winter in Korea is much harsher than in Japan, but we have Ondol, floor heating with hot water in every house. They provide you with a warm barefoot in a -15 degree Celcius night. But, it’s still hard, so you put some blankets on the floor and sleep on it. Sometimes, the floor scorches into black, or your back is full of sweat after you sleep. Ondol is that powerful. Thus, no worries.
我是韩国人。几乎所有的事情在韩国也适用，只是有一些细微的不同。
1.“脏地板”在韩国也不存在，每天都会清洁。
2.鞋子被放在一个叫做“현관(hyun-gwan)”的空间，有时也被放在“신발장(shinbaljang)”里。其他的和日本一样。
3.通常，起居空间和卧室铺有木地板。“你可能会问，那不冷吗？”，但一点也不冷。韩国的冬天比日本严酷得多，但我们有“온돌暖炕(Ondol)”，即在每家每户都有的热水地暖系统。它可以在零下15摄氏度的夜晚给你提供温暖的赤脚感觉。但是，地板还是有点硬，所以你会在地板上铺些毯子然后睡在上面。有时候，地板会被烧得发黑，或者你睡醒后背上全是汗水。暖炕（ondol）就是这么强大。所以，不用担心。
Jennifer Hernandez
First of all, in modern Japan, it is very common for people to use beds, and it is because of the design of their homes not making sleeping on the floor as appealing. Now to get to that.
首先，在现代日本，人们使用床非常普遍，这是因为他们的家居设计不让在地板上睡觉变得有吸引力。现在说说传统的日本房屋。
传统的日本住宅地板是离地面较高的，而不是建在地面上。作为延伸，它们通常有多层地板。最里面的地板铺有榻榻米，这是用草制成的垫子，鞋子和脏衣服要在最低层地板或称为玄关的地面上脱掉。如果你愿意，这个内部房屋可以被看作是一个巨大的沙发，上面放着小床垫或垫子可以移动。重型设备或厨房不会建在这个区域内。
现在，建造另一个平台放在这个平台上，通常也是在其他平台上，这不是一个显而易见的概念。相反，只需将称为“被褥”的小床垫放在上面，用于睡觉。
现代日本的房屋和公寓与现代西方的房屋并没有太大的区别，所以人们使用床。如果人们喜欢使用被褥，通常在这些房屋中仍然使用较小的平台，因为在这种文化中，睡觉甚至坐在地上被认为不太合适或不太干净。
Nelly Guntherson
I have lived here for over 5 years now and most of my friends sleep on beds.
There are a lot of urban myths about life in Japan.
我已经在这里住了5年多，我的大多数朋友都睡在床上。
关于日本生活有很多城市传说。
There are older generation Japanese who still like to use Futons and you can see them hung over balconies to air but I would say that's a minority these days.
比如说在日本生活很昂贵，每个人都住在小房子里，或者每个星期天公园都会挤满了模仿猫王的人，旁边还有穿着洛丽塔装的女孩。还有一些年长的日本人喜欢使用被褥，你可以看到他们把被褥晾在阳台上晾晒，但我会说这在现在已经是少数了。
I cannot speak for Korea as I have only visited a few times and my company always books me into hotels so I don't have any expirence of Korean homes.
如果你住在旅馆，你会睡在被褥上，但我从来没有住过没有床的酒店。
我无法代表韩国，因为我只去过几次，我的公司总是给我预订酒店，所以我没有韩国家庭的经验。
Not that all Koreans and Japanese still do that, but to remind you, it is not any worse than sleeping on the old type spring-wire beds which the West used for centuries.
Traditionally floor beds were very common in many Asian cultures from Japan to Anatolia, and its first requirement is cleanliness. That is the first reason all those cultures traditionally don’t walk inside the house with their shoes, even though they don’t sleep on the floor any more. Especially in the Korean and Japanese case, as long as the floors are heated and perfectly clean, there is no reason not to sleep on the floor. It is considered orthopedically more healthy, especially compared to these older spring beds, which were basically a hammock weaved of metal wires:
并不是所有的韩国人和日本人现在都这样做，但是需要提醒你的是，这和西方几个世纪以来使用的旧式弹簧床相比，并没有任何更糟的地方。
传统上，在从日本到安纳托利亚等许多亚洲文化中，地板床非常普遍，其第一要求是干净。这就是为什么所有这些文化传统上不会穿着鞋子在屋内走动，即使他们不再在地板上睡觉。特别是在韩国和日本的情况下，只要地板受热且完全清洁，就没有理由不在地板上睡觉。从整体健康角度来看，这被认为在骨科方面更为有益，特别是与那些基本上是由金属丝编织而成的老式弹簧床相比，后者基本上是一个吊床：
A wool or cotton mattress would be placed on this wire mesh, instead of the floor, so that it could be more “flexible”. But as a result, it would sag in the middle (hence your heaviest part) and you would be sleeping in a sunken concave, which is not good for your back, or hips, or any part of your body at all. So, until the new mattress types with independent springs or visco structures were developed, it was known to be the healthiest to sleep on a solid, flat surface with a thin mattress.
在这个金属丝网上会放置一个羊毛或棉花床垫，而不是地板，以使其更加“灵活”。但是结果是，它会在中间下陷（因此你的最重要部分），你会睡在一个凹陷的凹形中，这对你的背部、臀部或身体的任何部位都不好。因此，在开发出具有独立弹簧或粘弹结构的新型床垫之前，睡在坚实、平整的表面上，配以薄床垫被认为是最健康的方式。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
顺便说一下，它叫蒲团。它最大的优点是便携性。在世界上许多农村文化中，大家庭住在有限的空间里，房间是多用途的。从日本到安纳托利亚的文化都是相似的。夜幕降临时，把蒲团铺开，一家人睡觉，早晨把它们叠起来，同一个房间可以用作客厅，吃早餐，或学习等。就像这样:
Of course it is not always that way any more. In the modern times, instead of ditching the Futon culture, it was instead evolved into this humble graciousness you can see in the above photo. It is a big influence in interior design now. Floor beds also became more popular in other parts of the world. They can either be stylish like the one above. But it is also part of the “boheme” lifestyle such as the Berlin culture. It was once very popular to put the mattress on the floor, or on a layer of wooden palettes, as an “attitude”.
当然，现代并不总是这样。在现代，与其放弃榻榻米文化，人们将其演变成了你在上面照片中可以看到的谦逊优雅之风。这对室内设计产生了很大的影响。地板床在世界其他地区也变得更加流行。它们可以像上面那样时尚。但它也是“波西米亚”生活方式的一部分，比如柏林文化。曾经非常流行将床垫放在地板上，或者放在一层木托盘上，作为一种“态度”。
简约、谦逊、功能性和极简主义是日本和韩国文化的重要方面。这影响了整个世界在现代主义时代的极简主义、未来主义、实用主义运动，甚至可以称之为“启蒙”。因为亚洲文化在这一过程中起到了重要的催化剂作用，西方文化正努力摆脱古典主义和教条主义的束缚和约束。
It is very convenient to sleep on the floor on tatami mats. My father who is 97 years old almost died when he fell out of his bed and severely injured his head. That never happens when you sleep on the floor. It also makes you agile because you have to get up from the floor several times a day. That alone is a great exercise.
Finally, if you sleep with more than one lady at a time everything becomes much easier with the added space.
睡在地板上的榻榻米上很方便。我97岁的父亲从床上摔下来，头部严重受伤，差点丧命。睡在地板上是不会有这种情况的。这也让你变得敏捷，因为你每天都要从地板上站起来好几次。这本身就是一个很好的练习。
最后，如果你一次和不止一个女人睡觉，那么空间会让一切变得容易得多。
Because you can’t fall off the floor. If they slept on the ceiling, it would be perilous.
An even better question: why do Westerners take ip so much valuable living space with beds, which are only in use 1/3rd of the time? What a total waste of space.
因为你不能从地板上掉下来。如果他们睡在天花板上，那就很危险了。
一个更好的问题是:为什么西方人要把这么多宝贵的生活空间用在只有三分之一时间在使用的床上?真是浪费空间。
Sleeping on the floor does have some health benefits, that’s for sure. However, many elderly people find it is impossible to get up from the floor because of their size and obesity. A bed helps in this matter.
睡在地板上确实有一些健康益处，这是肯定的。然而，许多老年人发现由于体型和肥胖的原因，他们无法从地板上起身。床在这方面有所帮助。
In a traditional Japanese house, the entire floor is about one to two feet above the ground, and shoes are removed upon climbing to the floor, unlike in the West, where people live in outdoor shoes. Most rooms used as bedrooms have tatami mats, and futons, foldable bedding, are placed on top of the tatami mats at bedtime.
在传统的日本房屋中，整个地面高出地面约一到两英尺，爬到地板上时需要脱鞋，不像在西方，人们穿着户外鞋在室内活动。大多数用作卧室的房间铺有榻榻米，晚上会在榻榻米上放置可折叠的床垫。
Easy. To use space big. Sleep on bed, your bed is your bed, sleep on floor, the whole floor. Ditto for chairs. Furnitures only make you a macarthur - island hopping, from one to another. Why limit freedom by making new needs?
简单来说，为了利用空间大。睡在床上，你的床就是你的床，睡在地板上，整个地板就是你的床。椅子也一样。家具只会让你像麦克阿瑟一样进行岛屿跳跃，从一个到另一个。为什么要通过制造新需求来限制自由呢？
I don't know about Korea, but Japanese people sleep on tatami beds instead of on the floor. The high entrances of old houses are a remnant of those times, and the Japanese custom of taking off your shoes at the entrance came from this, as the entrance was directly connected to the bedroom.
我不清楚韩国，但日本人睡在榻榻米床上，而不是在地板上。古老房屋的高门廊是那个时代的遗留物，脱鞋的日本风俗就是源自于此，因为入口直接通往卧室。
Korean winter climate is harshly cold. People in Korean Buyeo and Goguryeo kingdom invented floor heating way which is called as ondol. So, the tradition had been established. But these days many Korean sleep on a bed. About Japan, I don't know.
When we use floor and blanket, cleaning is done just cleaning floor and washing blankets. It is better for keeping cleaning state of a room. Washing blankets and drying toward shining sun is thorough and cheap way to cleaning and sterilization, and can be done in much shorter interval.
韩国的冬季气候非常寒冷。在高丽扶余和高句丽时期，人们发明了地暖方式，被称为暖炕（ondol）。所以，这个传统已经确立了。但是最近很多韩国人睡在床上。关于日本，我不知道。
当我们使用地板和毯子时，清洁只是清洁地板和洗毯子。它更有利于保持房间的清洁状态。对着阳光洗毯子和晾晒是彻底和廉价的清洁和消毒方法，而且可以在更短的时间内完成。
Like many have said above, its a deeply cultural thing but a person annecdote i wanted to share os that I find sleeping on a futon even here in america to just be comfortable. It s a 4in thick futon and its just thick enough and on a sturdy enough surface that my back has never felt better.I was nervous about being uncomfortanle but when i got my futon i practically melted. My room has so much more space during the day, i feel like i get better rest because im comfortable. Obviously its not for everyone but i think more people here in america should give it a shot.
就像上面许多人说的，这是一种深层的文化事物，但我想分享一个个人经历，即使在美国，我发现睡在榻榻米上是非常舒适的。我的榻榻米垫子有4英寸厚，足够厚，在坚固的表面上，我的背从未感觉过更好。我曾担心会不舒服，但当我得到我的榻榻米时，我几乎化为一片轻松。白天我的房间有更多的空间，我觉得我睡得更好，因为我很舒服。显然，这并不适合每个人，但我认为更多的美国人应该尝试一下。