莫迪政党领导的印度政府寻求禁止一夫多妻制，赋予妇女更多权利“印度不仅有一夫多妻制度，印度也是童婚之都”“未经登记的超一个月的同居关系，面临最高3个月的监禁和罚款”“太魔幻的政策”
Indian state led by Modi's party seeks to ban polygamy, give women more rights
译文简介
莫迪政党领导的印度政府近期提出方案寻求禁止一夫多妻制，赋予妇女更多权利，“印度不仅有一夫多妻制度，印度也是童婚之都”“未经登记的超一个月的同居关系，面临最高3个月的监禁和罚款”“太魔幻的政策”
正文翻译
@daemontarg
SS: An Indian state ruled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's party on Tuesday presented a bill on personal laws that will apply across religions, including banning polygamy and granting equal inheritance rights to sons and daughters.
The proposed bill in Uttarakhand, a northern state along the Himalayas, is likely to be used as template by several other states ruled by Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) as part of a long-running pledge, despite opposition from some Muslim leaders.
"The Constitution inspires us to seek equality and harmony and the commitment to implement the Uniform Civil Code law will act as a bridge towards that," Uttarakhand's Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami said on X social media before presenting the bill in the assembly amid an uproar by some opposition members.
The bill, reviewed by Reuters, also proposes to increase the legal age of marriage for girls to years, guarantees equal rights to men and women on matters pertaining to divorce and s in ancestral property, and offers full rights to children who were adopted, born out of wedlock or conceived through surrogate births.
A legal expert working on the UCC bill in Uttarakhand said in recent years the majority Hindu community tended to marry off daughters after they turned but Islam's Sharia laws do not restrict the marriage of girls who are minors.
Some tribal communities have been excluded from the new provisions in the bill, which is likely to be easily passed as the BJP enjoys a big majority in the state assembly.
Currently, India's Hindus, Musli..., Christians and large tribal populations follow their own personal laws and customs, or an optional secular code, for marriage, divorce, adoption and inheritance.
Framing a national common law has been one of the three core promises of the BJP, which will be chasing a third straight term in general elections due by May. It has fulfilled the other two: building a fiercely contested grand Hindu temple, and removing the autonomy of the Muslim-majority region of Jammu and Kashmir.
Muslim theologians see the new bill as a threat to Islamic Sharia law and religious practices including polygamy.
"Modi's government is determined to destroy diverse practices," said Kamal Farooqui, a member of the All India Muslim Personal Law Board. "UCC is just another proof that they are imposing a majoritarian agenda."
印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪所在的政党所执政的一个邦于周二提出了一项关于个人法律的法案，该法案将跨越不同宗教适用，其中包括禁止一夫多妻制，并赋予儿子和女儿平等的继承权。
这项在喜马拉雅山脉沿线北部地区——北阿坎德邦（Uttarakhand）提出的拟议法案，很可能被其他由莫迪领导的印度人民党（BJP）执政的多个邦作为模板采纳，尽管遭到一些穆斯林领袖的反对。
“宪法激励我们追求平等与和谐，而实施统一民法典的决心将成为通往这一目标的桥梁，”北阿坎德邦首席部长普什卡·辛格·达米在社交媒体X上表示，在提交法案给议会之前，面对部分反对派成员的喧闹声，他发表了这番讲话。
路透社审查的该法案还提议将女孩的法定结婚年龄提高至18岁，确保男女在离婚、继承祖传财产等问题上享有平等权利，并赋予领养子女、非婚生子女以及通过代孕出生的子女全面的权利。
一位参与北阿坎德邦统一民法典（UCC）法案制定的法律专家表示，近年来，占多数的印度教社区倾向于在女儿年满18岁后为其安排婚姻，但伊斯兰教沙里亚法并未限制未成年人女孩的婚姻。
新法案中的某些条款将部分部落群体排除在外，鉴于BJP在该邦立法议会中占据绝对多数席位，该法案很可能轻松通过。
目前，印度的印度教徒、穆斯林、基督教徒以及众多部落群体遵循各自的个人法律和习俗，或者选择适用世俗统一法，来处理婚姻、离婚、收养和继承等问题。
制定全国统一普通法一直是BJP的三大核心承诺之一。BJP将在2024年5月前举行的下届大选中寻求连续第三次赢得大选。迄今为止，BJP已经实现了另外两个承诺：建设一座极具争议性的大型印度教寺庙，并废除了穆斯林占多数的查谟和克什米尔地区的自治地位。
穆斯林神学家认为，这项新法案对伊斯兰教沙里亚法以及包括一夫多妻制在内的宗教习俗构成了威胁。
“莫迪政府决心要破坏多元化的实践，”全印度穆斯林个人法委员会成员卡马尔·法鲁基说，“统一民法典只是他们强推多数派议程的又一个证据。”
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Indian state led by Modi's party seeks to ban polygamy, give women more rights
Good.
莫迪所在政党的印度邦政府寻求禁止一夫多妻制，赋予女性更多权利。这是个好举措。
Muslim theologians see the new bill as a threat to Islamic Sharia law and religious practices including polygamy.
Well who would've imagined that. You can pretty much guarantee anything against Sharia is a step forward for women.
穆斯林神学家视这项新法案是对伊斯兰教沙里亚法及包括一夫多妻制在内的宗教习俗的威胁。谁能想到呢，任何反对沙里亚法的内容基本上都可以视为对女性权益的进步。
Its kinda funny reading that "Modi is determined to destroy diverse practises" coming from an Islamist lawyer. Because it is exactly word-for-word what r/india would say.
看到一位伊斯兰主义者律师说“莫迪决心要破坏多元化的实践”真是有点好笑，因为这完全就是印度Reddit社区上会一字不差说的话。
Context: Different religious communities in India have different personal laws for marriage, inheritance and adoption. Muslim men, as a result can keep up to four wives under Islamic law. The Constitution of India has a clause that requires a 'Uniform Civil Code' to be brought into effect at some time in the future. This would be a comprehensive civil code that applies across different religions (as in the West). The UCC is something that was envisioned long before the current government. Now a BJP ruled state is looking to amend personal laws to bring the UCC into effect.
印度的不同宗教社区对于婚姻、继承和收养有着各自的个人法律。因此，根据伊斯兰法律，印度的穆斯林男性最多可以拥有四位妻子。印度宪法中有一项条款要求在未来某个时间实施“统一民法典”。这将是一个适用于不同宗教（如西方国家）的全面民法典。统一民法典的概念在当前政府之前就已经被设想出来。现在，一个由BJP执政的邦正在寻求修改个人法律，以便使统一民法典生效。
UCC meaning Uniform Civil Code. One law applies to all Citizens across India.
The UCC aims to establish uniform laws for marriage, divorce, inheritance, and succession, transcending religious boundaries, but remains a contentious issue due to concerns over cultural diversity, minority rights, and political motives.
UCC指的是统一民法典。这一法律适用于全印度的所有公民。统一民法典旨在建立涵盖婚姻、离婚、继承和继嗣等领域的统一法律，超越宗教界限，但由于文化多样性、少数族群权利以及政治动机等因素，至今仍是一个争议性问题。
Muslim Personal Law also allows a girl to get married at years of age. I hope that gets removed too.
穆斯林个人法律还允许女孩未满18岁就可以结婚。我希望这一规定也能被废除。
It’s not just Musli... in India. I know of plenty of Hindu Indians that have had arranged marriages as children.
在印度不只是穆斯林有这种情况，我知道很多印度教徒也有童婚的包办婚姻现象。
As per law it’s still illegal for Hindus( only legal for Musli...) so you can report them/their parents since you know of them
按照法律规定，童婚对印度教徒来说仍然是非法的（只有穆斯林是合法的），所以既然你知道有这样的情况，你可以举报他们或他们的父母。
The difference is if you file a case against those Hindu Indians. Their guardians will be held accountable.
On the other hand the Muslim girl's guardians is legally PROTECTED by their personal law.
不同之处在于，如果你对这些印度教徒提起诉讼，他们的监护人将会被追究责任。而另一方面，穆斯林女孩的监护人在个人法律保护下是合法免于追责的。
Plus this shit still happens in the United States too in some states. It needs to be outlawed everywhere.
此外，这种糟糕的情况在美国的一些州也仍然存在。童婚应该在全球范围内都被禁止。
I know of plenty of Hindu Indians that have had arranged marriages as children.
From what I have seen child marriages among Hindus happen, well, between children. I have met one guy with whom this has happened and they lived separately till . Happens quite a bit in parts of India.
In islam, child marriages mean a + yo marrying an yo girl, often consummating the marriage right after.
我知道很多印度教徒有儿童时期的包办婚姻。据我所见，在印度教群体中发生的童婚通常是两个孩子之间的结合。我遇到过一个这样的例子，他们在成年前一直分开生活。这种情况在印度的一些地区相当普遍。而在伊斯兰教中，童婚通常是指成年男子与未成年女孩结婚，并且往往婚后立即发生性关系。
Yeah there was even a serial made around it set in Rajasthan where both were kids when they were married. I think Balika Vadhu. Child marriages in Rajasthan used to be like this only.
没错，之前还有一部以拉贾斯坦邦为背景的电视剧就是围绕这个主题制作的，剧中主角结婚时都是孩子。我想这部剧叫做《Balika Vadhu》。在拉贾斯坦邦，童婚过去就是这样普遍的现象。
And that’s legally not allowed. Nobody said that’s right.
而且从法律上讲，这是不允许的。没人认为这是正确的做法。
Did you forget to mention months jail term if people forgot to register their live-in relationships.
https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/uttarakhand-uniform-civil-code-declare-live-in-relationships-or-face-jail-for-up-to--months----
你是不是忘记提到，如果人们忘记登记他们的同居关系，可能会面临最高6个月的监禁。 （链接：https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/uttarakhand-uniform-civil-code-declare-live-in-relationships-or-face-jail-for-up-to-3-months----）
Both can be true. diverse practices can coud refer to practices followed in different cultures within india independent of religion.
两者都可能是真实的。这里的“多元化的实践”可以指代印度国内不同文化背景下独立于宗教之外的习俗。
Couldn't they just say the name of the freaking state? We've got states, so why not just mention the name of the state instead of dragging in Modi's name here too!
他们就不能直接说出那个该死的邦的名字吗？我们有这么多邦，为什么非得在这里也扯上莫迪的名字，而不是直接提那个邦的名字呢！
I think it is funnier that they didn't post the another crappy clause of the same law that would basically enable the government to decide with whom you are having sex.
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/uttarakhand-ucc-bill-opposition-slams-proposed-live-in-relationship-couples-rules-2498388-2024-02-06
I dare them, put Modi's name on that news article.
我觉得更有趣的是，他们没有提到同一法案中的另一个糟糕条款，这个条款实质上将允许政府决定你与谁发生性关系。
我倒是要看看，他们敢不敢在那篇新闻报道中也带上莫迪的名字。
empowering women will solve overpopulation too so good start for india they should do it nationwide
赋予女性权力也有助于解决人口过剩问题，所以对印度来说是个好的开端，他们应该在全国范围内推行这一举措。
Most of India’s states have a fertility rate below 2.5 children per woman
印度大多数邦的生育率已经低于每位妇女生育2.5个孩子。
Most have it below 2.1 except UP, Bihar & 1-2 sparsely populated NE states.
大部分地区的生育率已经低于2.1这一替代水平，除了北方邦（UP）、比哈尔邦以及一两个人口稀疏的东北部邦。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
to an extent but india already has a declining fertility rate (around 2.2)
在一定程度上是这样的，但印度的生育率实际上已经在下降（大约在2.2左右）。
India might be the only country that might benefit from a declining fertility rate for the near future lmfao
哈哈，印度可能是未来一段时间内唯一可以从生育率下降中受益的国家。
Overpopulation? The world has already reached peak child. In a few decades, everyone will be worried about underpopulation
人口过剩？全球已经达到了儿童出生数量的峰值。再过几十年，所有人都会开始担忧人口减少的问题。
I’m anti BJP but I welcome this bill whole heartedly. Conduct survey among Indian women no matter what their religion 99% will say yes.
虽然我反对BJP，但我全心全意地欢迎这项法案。对印度女性进行调查，不论她们信仰何种宗教，99%的人都会赞同。
Most people are anti BJP because normally, this headline would have been "State ruled by Modi's BJP proposes harsh laws seeking to revoke rights of India's minorities"
大多数人之所以反对BJP，是因为在正常情况下，这篇新闻标题本应是“由莫迪领导的BJP执政邦提出严苛法律，试图剥夺印度少数群体权利”。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
And a normal headline wouldn't have mentioned dear leader or his party at all.
一个正常的新闻标题根本不会提到领导人或他的政党。
That’s western propaganda
那是西方的宣传手段。
You support it wholeheartedly? Did you even read the entire bill? Here’s what is also there in the bill
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uniform-civil-code-bill-tabled-in-uttarakhand-assembly/article67816803.ece
Anyone staying in a live-in relationship for more than a month without getting it registered will be punishable with an imprisonment up to three months or a fine of up to ₹, or both, the bill says.
If a woman in a live-in relationship gets deserted by her partner, she will be entitled to claim maintenance from him for which she may approach a competent court having jurisdiction over the place where they last cohabited.
你真的全心全意支持这个法案吗？你是否完整阅读了整个法案内容？以下是法案中还包含的部分条款： （链接）https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/uniform-civil-code-bill-tabled-in-uttarakhand-assembly/article67816803.ece 该法案规定，任何人在未经登记的情况下维持超过一个月的同居关系，将可能面临最高三个月的监禁或最高₹50,000卢比的罚款，或者两者并罚。 如果一名女性在同居关系中被伴侣遗弃，她有权向对该地区有管辖权的法院申请从对方那里获得抚养费，该地区应为他们最后共同居住的地方。
That second paragraph is kind of okay, like a severance to prevent people from going homeless.
The first paragraph is absolutely nuts. Why do you need to register relationships under penalty of a fine?
第二段内容还好，有点像保障措施，防止人们流离失所。 但第一段绝对疯狂。为什么必须在面临罚款的情况下登记同居关系呢？
这是常识，确保及时登记同居关系……
she will be entitled to claim maintenance from him
That's concerning tbh. A guy can't claim from a girl but a girl can claim from a guy.
Not really equal tbh. A good argument for not living with someone.
女性有权从男性那里获得抚养费，这确实让人担忧。男方不能从女方那里申请抚养费，但女方可以向男方申请。实际上并不平等，这也是个不与人同居的好理由。
Normal BJP tactics. Sneak in shitty laws using Musli... as bait
典型的BJP策略，利用穆斯林作为诱饵，偷偷推行糟糕的法律。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
What is the world coming to when traditional values are no longer respected? /s
当传统价值观不再受到尊重时，这个世界会变成什么样啊？
The same bill makes it mandatory to register your live-in relationships. If the registrar does not belive The reason for you stopping a live-in, the they can initiate police investigation. For under 21 kids, parents will be informed about the live-in relationship and their consent is needed to start the live-in.
同一法案还规定了强制登记同居关系的要求。如果登记官不相信你停止同居的理由，他们可以启动警方调查。对于未满21岁的人，父母将被告知其同居关系，并且需要得到他们的同意才能开始同居生活。
Great. Now stop letting adults marry children. Child bride capital of the world isn't a good look
太好了，现在应该停止让成年人与儿童结婚。成为世界童婚之都可不是什么光彩的事情。
It was already getting difficult to manage one woman. Who would have gone for polygamy.
In Goa a man can legally marry another woman if his wife cannot bear him a son after I am not sure how many, I think 8 years of marriage. I am sure no man does that now
本来管理一个妻子就已经够难了，谁还会去考虑一夫多妻呢？在果阿邦（Goa），如果一个男子的妻子在婚姻中（不确定是几年，可能是8年）未能为其生育儿子，他可以合法地娶另一个女人。我敢肯定现在没人会这样做。
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It’s a lot easier to do when you are oppressive in your marriage.
如果你在婚姻中施行压迫的话，实行一夫多妻制就会容易得多。
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Why is there hatred for polygamy in the comments?
为什么评论里对一夫多妻制有这么多的反感？
This will also make it easier to enforce laws across the country and not have exceptions etc. speedier trials too and these are the need of the hour .
这也将使得在全国范围内更方便地执行法律，不再存在例外情况等，并且能加快审判进程，这些都是当前急需的改革措施。
Maybe start with stronger law enforcement to prevent mass rape of women?
或许应该从加强执法力度开始，以防止大规模强奸女性事件的发生？
I was thinking about that also. It felt close-minded in the context of Polygamy in my world as I know. Then I remembered: I have to view in context of the story, meaning how it operates in India.
It seems, from the comments of people who live there, that Polygamy in India isn't a free choice or equitable. It seems to be oppressive and a tool to control women. It sucks that they might ban something that is actually harmless but it's a reaction to a terrible specific situation.
我也有过同样的思考。就我所知，在我的世界中，一夫多妻制似乎显得有些封闭和狭隘。但随后我想起，我需要结合印度的具体情况来理解这个问题。从生活在那里的人们的评论来看，印度的一夫多妻制并非自由选择，也不是公平的制度，它似乎是一种压迫女性并对其进行控制的手段。虽然禁止一些实际上无害的行为令人遗憾，但这其实是针对一个极其恶劣具体情况的反应。
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How does polygamy work in your country?
在你的国家，一夫多妻制是如何运作的？
Ban polygamy
Give women more rights
Those two things kind of contradict each other, don’t they? This may been an unpopular opinion, I see no reason to ban polygamy so long as all sides consent.
禁止一夫多妻制 给予女性更多权利 这两个主张好像有点相互矛盾，不是吗？这可能是个不受欢迎的观点，我认为只要各方同意，就没有理由禁止一夫多妻制。
Gives women more rights and at the same time cracks down on live-in relations. For fuck’s sake, adults are called adults because they can take decisions on their own, and now we’re required to register a live in relation with the govt along with the parents’ consent。Way too surreal a policy！！！
赋予女性更多权利，同时却对同居关系加以严控。天哪，成年人之所以被称为成年人，是因为他们能够自己做决定，而现在我们却需要在获得父母同意的情况下与政府登记同居关系。实在太魔幻的政策！