为什么美国无法搞出微信这样的超级app?
Why It's So Hard for Meta, PayPal and X to Build a Super App Like WeChat | WSJ
译文简介
随着微信在中国取得成功后，Meta（元宇宙）. PayPal（贝宝）. X（推特）. 所有这些科技公司都曾尝试在美国开发一款“超级应用”，但至今仍未成功。
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Meta. PayPal. X. All of these tech companies have made attempts at a “super app” in the U.S., following the success of WeChat in China, but have yet to get one off the ground. Tech leaders have struggled to combine elements like social media, messaging, payment and more into one place. So what’s holding the U.S. back from having a super app available?
WSJ explains why, despite challenges, companies still see it as their holy grail product.
随着微信在中国取得成功后，Meta（元宇宙）. PayPal（贝宝）. X（推特）. 所有这些科技公司都曾尝试在美国开发一款“超级应用”，但至今仍未成功。
这些技术领导者一直在努力将社交媒体、信息、支付等元素融合到一个地方。那么，是什么阻碍了美国拥有一款成功的超级应用呢？
《华尔街日报》解释了为什么尽管面临挑战，企业仍将其视为自己的圣杯产品。
简介：政府法规、居民对隐私的要求以及对大企业的恐惧导致美国不可能拥有一个成功的超级应用，但是在垂直领域还是存在巨大的发展空间，比如医疗
每日新素材，等你来认领！ https://www.ltaaa.cn/translation
-------------译者：5cents--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Meta. PayPal. X. All of these tech companies have made attempts at a “super app” in the U.S., following the success of WeChat in China, but have yet to get one off the ground. Tech leaders have struggled to combine elements like social media, messaging, payment and more into one place. So what’s holding the U.S. back from having a super app available?
WSJ explains why, despite challenges, companies still see it as their holy grail product.
随着微信在中国取得成功后，Meta（元宇宙）. PayPal（贝宝）. X（推特）. 所有这些科技公司都曾尝试在美国开发一款“超级应用”，但至今仍未成功。
这些技术领导者一直在努力将社交媒体、信息、支付等元素融合到一个地方。那么，是什么阻碍了美国拥有一款成功的超级应用呢？
《华尔街日报》解释了为什么尽管面临挑战，企业仍将其视为自己的圣杯产品。
简介：政府法规、居民对隐私的要求以及对大企业的恐惧导致美国不可能拥有一个成功的超级应用，但是在垂直领域还是存在巨大的发展空间，比如医疗
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The US/EU shouldn't want a single app with access to literally all of their identity, finance, and other security information. It creates a single point of failure that poses a major security threat to customers when that app is infiltrated
美国/欧盟不希望某个单个应用程序能够访问他们所有的身份、财务和其他安全信息。当应用程序被渗透时，它会产生一个单点故障，对客户构成重大安全威胁
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
While it is true that China has made significant strides in the development and adoption of super apps like WeChat, it is important to consider the unique factors that contribute to their success. China's digital landscape, regulatory environment, and consumer behavior differ significantly from those in the United States.
尽管中国在微信等超级应用程序的开发和采用方面确实取得了重大进展，但重要的是要考虑促成其成功的独特因素。中国的数字环境、监管环境和消费者行为与美国有很大不同。
Americans and Europeans (and others) already think big technology companies have too much power and lack of privacy so a Super App is a no go.
美国人和欧洲人（以及其他国家的人）已经认为大型科技公司权力太大，缺乏隐私，所以超级应用程序是不可能的。
There is a way to offer the convenience of a "super" app AND limit the power of tech giants. Anyone can create an app and through APIs, integrate services from the major platforms into one. It can be as separated (an app that then lixs to the 5 different websites - essentially a browser) or integrated as required.
This does however require the big tech companies to open up their features through developer APIs.
有一种方法可以提供“超级”应用程序的便利，并限制科技巨头的力量。任何人都可以创建应用程序，并通过API将主要平台的服务集成到一个应用程序中。它可以根据需要进行分离（一个应用程序，然后将其链接到5个不同的网站，本质上是一个浏览器）或集成。
然而，这确实需要大型科技公司通过开发者API开放其功能。
-------------译者：kokia202012--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
The thing is every app in China is becoming super app not just WeChat, there are shopping app or gym app becoming social platform, and music app becoming livestream platform
不止微信，在中国，每个app都正在成为超级app。很多购物app，健身app正在变成社交平台，音乐app正在变成直播平台。
Giving one organization control over everything is not always a good idea.
Remember how when Google has an issue with one of the products you use they block your entire Google account preventing you access from every Google products you use.
所有的事务都让一个大的组织控制不是好事。比如谷歌有一个产品出了问题，然后把你整个谷歌账户都封了，导致你无法使用任何其他的谷歌产品。
Amazon is already on the way to do this in India. It already provided a range of services from banking to booking movie tickets and more.
亚马逊在印度正在做同样的事情。它已经提供了一系列的服务，从存钱到定电影票等等。
You don't need to jump between the apps inside the Wechat. But you still have one display it means you still need to jump between different windows
在微信里，你不需要且切换不同的APP。但是你查看的时候只能看一个，这意味着你仍然得切换不同的窗口。
-------------译者：xf_gui--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
We have this in the usa and it’s called iOS. Imessage, Apple health, Apple Pay, etc... Apple is the tech giant collecting all of our data the same as WeChat (if not more), but it’s just packaged a little differently.
我们在美国有这个，它被称为iOS。Imessage、Apple health、Apple Pay等……苹果是一家科技巨头，它收集的所有数据与微信相同（如果不是更多的话），但只是包装有点不同。
Great Video! Actually exploring frxworks of Healthcare-centered Superapps but not really for US market at first because Health Insurance companies are absolutely terrible
很棒的视频！实际上是在探索以医疗保健为中心的超级应用程序的框架，但一开始并不是真正针对美国市场，因为健康保险公司绝对糟糕.
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Apps should remain separate ... Its bad enough that all our info is on one device, it would be catastrophic to make it worse by putting it on one app.
Besides, Google and Apple have operating systems that cover the role of the "one app".
应用程序应保持独立。。。我们所有的信息都在一台设备上已经够糟糕的了，如果把它放在一个应用程序上，那将是灾难性的。
此外，谷歌和苹果的操作系统涵盖了“一个应用程序”的作用。
There is already a company that manages finance, messaging any other commodities you can think off. It's Apple, they already are a Super Company and the App Store it's a super app manages everything. US and European citizens don't see an issue with using multiple apps to fulfill their needs. Plus competition makes for a better costumer experience even if we sacrifice the commodity of having everything in one app.
已经有一家公司管理财务，发送任何你想要得到的商品信息。这是苹果，他们已经是一家超级公司，应用商店是一款管理一切的超级应用。美国和欧洲公民并不认为使用多个应用程序来满足他们的需求有什么问题。此外，即使我们牺牲了在一个应用程序中拥有一切的商品，竞争也会带来更好的客户体验。
-------------译者：5cents--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
Apple is capable of doing this, I hope they make a super app.
苹果有能力做到这一点，我希望他们能做出一个超级应用。
Interesting analysis, tech dominance isn't easy!
有趣的分析，科技垄断并不容易！
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Apple could lead the charge on this. I’d like to have one (as an option, not the ONLY option). But with antitrust laws etc, it would be hard to do, I think.
苹果可以在这方面带头。我会想要一个（作为一种选择，而不是唯一的选择）。但我认为，有了反垄断法等法律，就很难做到了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I’m not sure if we want a company having that much control
我不确定我们是否想要一个拥有那么多控制权的公司
The problem with Super app like wechat is that it will try to get monopoly of everything sector - Food, payment, social media. It's a huge no for consumers in terms of benefits and security.
像微信这样的超级应用的问题在于，它将试图垄断食品、支付、社交媒体等所有行业。就利益和安全性来说，这对消费者来说是一个巨大的否定。
-------------译者：kokia202012--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
It's not just scary to people, it's a monopoly. It's pretty obvious vertical integration and without strong government oversight consumers will end up with a larger bill for it.
这对普通人来说不仅是个恐怖的事情，这是垄断。它很明显正在垂直整合，没有强有力的政府监督，用户将会为此付出更大的代价。
Because there's this thing called.... the Free Market & Competition... and I think we like to keep it that way
因为这件事有个专门的名称叫做“自由市场竞争”，我认为我们喜欢这种方式。
If it only works as it is a monopoly and not as multiple firms then it should be nationalised.
如果它只作为一个垄断，而不是多样的组织形式去运作，那么它应当被国有化
Because Unix/Linux has the generally accepted philosophy of making an application do one thing, and do one thing well. This is sort of lesson 1 for all computer scientists really.
因为Unix/Linux通常已经接受了，一个app只做一个事情，且要做好一个事情。这是所有计算机科学家的第一课
We chat is so big that I Haven't even heard of it until now! Truly amazing.
微信如此巨大，我今天才知道微信的存在，真是令人震惊。
-------------译者：海绵zz--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
It’s really not that complicated to get your boss a coffee. You don’t need a super app lol.
给老板点杯咖啡没有复杂到需要个超级app的程度
The super-app is a super bad idea. Because of security and because competition works.
鉴于不利于（信息）安全和合理竞争，超级app就是个烂到家的主意。
More code = slower load and greater chance of a hack. I like knowing my communication apps are quick to load and my finance apps are slower and uses stricter verification processes. Really think of all the hacked Facebook profiles and impersonators via text messages. Having them separate on public wifi or when allowing someone to send a message when their phone is lost or battery is dead adds to vulnerability. Think of how it will be used to target the elderly, when they think their grandchild is asking for money.
更多代码意味着更慢的加载速度和更高的被黑风险。我希望社交app快捷好用，同时希望金融app运行更慢但拥有更安全严格的验证步骤。好好想想被黑进脸书个人资料的人和被短信诈骗的人。要么把个人信息与公共wifi彻底分开，要么当手机丢失或者电池坏掉且易受攻击时禁止发送短信。可怜的老人们，当他们以为自己是在给孙子发零花钱时，就已经成了诈骗犯的下手目标。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I like the data silos that apps offer in terms of security.
数据竖井能保护app安全，深得我爱。
-------------译者：rx78meng--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
They were able to make super app bcoz they copied the features and keep Integration it in the app. On the another hand whatapp owned by meta has payment features in India, but rarely anyone uses it as META disrespect to privacy features.
他们能做那么牛逼的app是因为他们山寨了功能然后持续地整合到app里面。另一方面，在印度META旗下的whatapp有支付功能，但几乎没人用它因为META不尊重个人隐私。
There's one thing missing in the video. Technically it is not allowed to have your own app store in your app if you want to publish the app on iOS app store. But wechat does have its own "mini apps". I don't know how it happened, but apparently Apple greenlighted that feature just for wechat.
视频少说了一件事。技术上讲，你不能在自己的app里面有应用商店——如果你的app还想在ios的app store上发布的话。但微信确实有自己的“小程序”。我不知道这是如何发生的，但显然苹果为微信开了绿灯。
its surprising that Meta or X don't have a payment function. and Apple pay, google pay don't have social media base.
令人吃惊的是Meta或X没有支付功能。而Apple Pay、Google Pay则没有社交媒体平台。
I prefer having choice and control which services I choose to use rather than being forced to use one. I like my privacy and privileges
我更喜欢选择和掌控我使用哪些服务，而不是被迫使用特定的。我喜欢我的隐私和权利
-------------译者：rx78meng--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
The problem is this does not add the same convenience without federated identity and an orchestration approach that minimizes indirection & abstraction. Think of the one button buy on Amazon. There is currently no incentive from big tech to streamline handoffs to other apps.
问题是，如果没有能够最小化无序和抽象的联合身份验证和组织编排方法（译注：orchestration approach是指一种协调和管理多个组件、流程或实体的方法或策略，以实现协调一致且高效的工作），就不会增加相当的便利性。想想亚马逊的一键购买。目前，没有来自科技大咖们的激励去整合与第三方app的交接。
这方面的未来不在于一个“超级app”，而是一个开放数据协议用以解决身份认证和业务流程。问题是我们目前在这些分布式架构（例如以太坊、ipfs、w3c Solid Pod）上的最佳尝试过于复杂（不是 DRY），并且从比特币中获取了太多东西，而且过于 DAO-y。
Google can launch a super app as it have all different parts working in the market.
Google可以推出一个超级app因为它拥有所有已经在市场中运行的不同组件。
Governments should create it to ensure it works, stores can use it and salaries, pensions etc can be paid within it.
应该由政府来创建它以确保发挥作用，商业上可以使用它，工资、养老金之类可以在其中支付。
-------------译者：rx78meng--- 审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
WeChat has incrementally added features to a successful chat app with a huge user base. Usability issues and short term vision are why US companies have failed in building an app like WeChat.
微信已经在一个拥有庞大用户基础的成功聊天app上逐步添加了功能。可用性问题和短视是美国公司们没能开发出微信这样的app的原因。
My advice to anyone starting out in the tech market is to seek guidance as its the best way to build long term wealth while managing your risk and emotions with the passive investing strategy
我对任何刚进入科技市场的人的建议是寻求指导，因为这是建立长期财富的最佳方式，而且能够通过被动投资策略管理风险和情绪
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
That actually very simple. Meanwhile there is not a Superapp, there are big umbrellas operating systems: IOS and Android. Because of the control of the Chinese government, they can’t operate the same way in china, so there was a void filled by superapps. Also people would not trust an app with all that power
这其实很简单。当时没有超级app，只有大咖操作系统：IOS 和安卓。但由于中国zf的kz，他们无法在中国以同样的方式运作，所以有了超级app填补的空白。此外人们也不会信任一个拥有所有权限的app。