战争时期有哪些伟大的发明？-网帖翻译-龙腾网

Ian O'Grady
Forrest E. Mars Sr was the son of Frank C Mars, who created the “Milky Way Bar” and wanted to start his own business after he became embroiled in a family rift.

老福雷斯特E马尔斯是弗兰克C马尔斯的儿子，他创建了 "银河系巧克力棒"，在他被卷入家庭纠纷之后，他想要自己创业。

Forrest took a job with Nestle and learned everything he could about making and selling chocolate. Later as he was traveling Europe, he came across soldiers during the Spanish Civil War eating pellets of chocolate covered in a candy shell, and a light bulb went off.

福雷斯特在雀巢公司找到了一份工作，并学习了一切有关于巧克力的制作以及销售的知识。之后，他在欧洲旅行时，时逢西班牙内战期间，他发现士兵们正在吃被糖壳包裹的巧克力豆，这让他有了启发。

During the start of World War 2, sugar was in really short supply, but Hersey struck a deal with the government to supply chocolate to the troops if they kept the sugar coming. Forrest made an 80/20 deal with the son of Hersey to supply him with sugar and chocolate so he could invent a new product.

在第二次世界大战初期，糖非常紧缺，但赫西与政府达成了一项协议，如果部队持续供应蔗糖，他就向部队供给巧克力。福雷斯特与赫西的儿子达成了 80/20 的协议为他提供糖和巧克力，这样他就能够创造一种新产品。

The problem Hersey had with supplying the troops with chocolate was how to prevent the chocolate from melting before it got to the front line. Forrest E. Mars remembered the Spanish soldiers eating the candy-coated chocolate, and from there M&Ms came into existence.

在给部队供给巧克力时赫西遇到一个问题那就是如何防止巧克力在运到前线之前融化。福雷斯特-E-马尔斯（Forrest E. Mars）想起西班牙士兵曾吃过糖衣巧克力，于是从此 M&Ms 就诞生了。

The new design was perfect, and they were a major hit with the soldiers. They loved how they melted in your mouth and not in your hand.

新设计非常完美，深受士兵们的喜爱。他们喜欢这种入口即化的口感而不是融化在手里。

Kaushal Kumar
Jerrycan!

杰里罐

A masterpiece of piece design invented by Germans during the war. The design was reverse engineered and subsequently copied by most armies around the world.

这是德国人在战争期间的设计杰作。该逆向工程设计，随后被世界上大多数国家的军队仿制。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

The development of the jerrycan was a significant improvement on earlier designs, which required tools and funnels to use, and it contained many innovative features for convenience of use and robustness. Today similar designs are used worldwide for fuel and water containers, in both military and civilian contexts.

杰里罐的发明大幅度提升了早期需要使用工具和漏斗的设计，它包含了许多方便使用和坚固耐用的创新功能。现如今，类似的设计已在世界各地的军用和民用燃料和水容器中得到广泛应用。

Most have three handles: a center handle for one person carrying a lightweight can, two handles for a person lifting a full can, or two handles for two people to carry. The configuration of the three handles allows two empty jerrycans to be carried in one hand.

大部分都有三个把手：中间把手一人即可轻便携带，两个把手可供人提满罐，或者两个把手供两个人提。三个手柄的构造可使一只手提两个空罐子。

The sides of the can were marked with cross-like indentations that strengthened the can while allowing the contents to expand, as did an air pocket under the handles when the can was filled correctly. This air pocket allowed the container to float if dropped in water.

罐身两侧标有十字形凹痕，既能加固罐身，又能使罐中物品膨胀，当罐子装满时，手柄下还有一个气囊。当罐子正确装满时，手柄下的气囊也会膨胀。这个气囊可以让容器在掉入水中时漂浮起来。

Ville Niemi
The raglan sleeve

牛角袖

The raglan sleeve gets its name from one FitzRoy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan (1788–1855), a British officer who lost his arm in the battle of Waterloo. A clothing manufacturer designed a new type of sleeve for Raglan, one that would give him greater movement whilst using his sword in combat.

牛角袖的名字由来源于菲茨罗伊-詹姆斯-亨利-萨默塞特（1788-1855 年）一世，他是一位在滑铁卢战役中失去手臂的英国军官。一家服装制造商为雷格兰设计了一种新型袖子，这种袖子可以让他在战斗中使用剑时活动自如。

Girik Shandilya
Dr Akira Yoshino, inventor of Lithium-ion Batteries.

吉野明博士，锂离子电池的发明者。

His discovery of Lithium ion battery nearly revolutionized electronics industry and our society. We are able to use portable devices like cellphones, laptops, GPS etc because he created a light but powerful energy source which can be recharged. Our mobile world will turn immobile if these batteries are not there.

他发现的锂离子电池几乎彻底改变了电子行业和我们的社会。我们之所以能够使用手机、笔记本电脑、全球定位系统等便携式设备，是因为他创造了一种轻便而强大的可充电能源。如果没有这些电池，我们的移动世界将变得无法移动。

Most people appreciate design and technology behind cell phones but they forget that without batteries it's just a piece of junk. With the advent of these batteries we are able to enjoy mobility of our devices. Thanks to Dr. Yoshino for making all this possible.

大多数人都欣赏手机背后的设计和技术，但却忘记了没有电池的手机只是一件垃圾。有了这些电池的出现，我们的设备才能够享受移动生活。感谢吉野博士让这一切成为可能。

Ernest W. Adams
Super glue (cyanoacrylate) is a civilian application of a substance developed during the Vietnam War to close wounds rapidly on the battlefield.

超级胶水（氰基丙烯酸酯）是越战期间研发的一种应用在民用领域的物质，用于在战场上快速缝合伤口。

Radar was originally developed for detecting enemy aircraft, but is used in many applications today.

雷达最初是为探测敌机而开发的，但如今已被广泛应用。

Encryption was developed for government, and especially military, communications and is now used daily in Internet transactions.

加密技术是为政府，特别是军队，通信而开发的，现在我们使用在我们日常的互联网交易上。

There are thousands more.

还有数以千计的发明。

Karan Narang
Sanitary Napkins and Tissues

卫生巾和纸巾

In 1914, Ernst Mahler, the head of a small US company called Kimberly-Clark, toured pulp and paper plants in Germany, Austria, and Scandinavia and spotted a new cellulose material called “Cellucotton”. It was five times more absorbent than cotton itself and, when mass-produced, half as expensive. Upon returning to the US, Mahler trademarked it; when the US entered the war in 1917, Kimberly-Clark started producing the wadding for surgical bandages.

1914 年，美国一家名为金佰利*克拉克的小公司负责人恩斯特*马勒参观了德国、奥地利和斯堪的纳维亚的纸浆和造纸厂，发现了一种名为 "赛璐棉 "的新型纤维素材料。这种材料的吸水性是棉花的五倍，大规模生产后，价格只有棉花的一半。回到美国后，马勒将其注册为商标；1917 年美国参战后，金佰利公司开始生产用于外科绷带的棉絮。

Meanwhile, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement nurses started using it for their own personal hygienic use. Once the war ended, Kimberly-Clark re-purchased the surplus of bandages from the military and the Red Cross and created the first commercial sanitary napkins.

与此同时，国际红十字会和红新月运动的护士们开始将其用于个人卫生。战争结束后，金佰利公司从军方和红十字会重新购买了剩余的绷带，并创造了第一款商业卫生巾。

The company also ironed out the cellulose material to make smooth tissues, which, in 1924, were released as the first facial tissues: Kleenex

该公司还将纤维素原料熨平，制成光滑的面巾纸，在1924年推出了第一款面巾纸:舒洁

原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处