印度面临的问题是什么?（下）

2.Population density and economic and natural resources : given the rate of population increase, very soon it will be difficult for the people to find enough resources to sustain their living. Resources are limited. Just consider the agriculture sector - it employs 60% of working population and contributes 17 to 20 % to GDP which means most of the people are busy but not producing enough output or they are under employed. Construction and services sector have seen large increase in jobs but the workers are lowest paid or unorganized. Land holdings are getting subdivided. Increase in population will bring more educated as well as uneducated youth in workforce and there are not enough jobs suiting their skills. While politicians have prospered by venturing into education sector no planned effort has gone in to planning to create jobs for these young people.

2.人口密度和经济、自然资源：考虑到人口增长率，人们很快将难以找到足够的资源来维持生计。资源是有限的。只需考虑农业部门——它雇佣了60%的劳动力，为国内生产总值贡献了17%到20%，这意味着大多数人都在忙碌，但产出不足或者他们处于闲置状态。建筑和服务行业就业机会大幅增加，但工人们的工资最低或者没有组织。土地持有量正在被细分。人口增长将带来更多受教育和未受教育的年轻人进入劳动力市场，而没有足够适合其技能的工作。虽然政客们通过涉足教育部门获得了繁荣，但对为这些年轻人创造就业机会的规划性努力几乎没有。

3.Demographics and women in workforce: India currently has the youngest working population on the globe I.e. those around 35 years or less constitutes 65% of population. If we look at workforce, not enough women are a part of it. As per a recent study only 31% of women return to jobs after marriage. McKinsey report says that India can simply increase the economic growth between 16% to 60% by 2025 by including the women in workforce. At a time when we are fastest growing economy women are not represented enough. Ironically lesser educated women are present in significant numbers in unorganized sector but the number of educated and unemployed women is large. Each year we celebrate the graduation results, CBSE results or civil services results but just imagine that all those girls who score so good in universities (50%) of the students may end up being housewives so gender inequalities and social norms need to be set right so that women get more opportunities to use their skills and help the economy and all of us grow.

3.人口结构和女性参与劳动力：印度目前拥有全球最年轻的劳动力，即35岁以下人口占65%。如果我们看看劳动力市场，女性的参与度还不够。根据最近的一项研究，结婚后只有31%的女性回到工作岗位。麦肯锡的报告称，通过增加女性劳动力的参与，印度可以在2025年之前将经济增长率提高16%至60%。在我们经济增长最快的时候，女性的代表性还不够。具有讽刺意味的是，受教育程度较低的女性在非组织部门中人数众多，但受过教育且失业的女性数量很大。每年我们都会庆祝毕业结果、中央委员会高级职位考试结果，但请想象一下，那些在大学中成绩优异的女孩（50%的学生）最终可能只是成为家庭主妇，因此需要纠正性别不平等和社会规范，以便女性获得更多机会发挥自己的技能，帮助经济和我们所有人的成长。

4.Lack of automation: indians who has made great progress in architecture, metallurgy, sciences etc in ancient tones seem to lose their way. Today we see that there is resistance to change or adopt technology. Technologies come in only when there is dire need or when it is overdue. Agriculture still suffers from lack of mechanics or irrigation. Government organizations or departments still operate with outdated technologies or there is lot of inertia and delay to implement technical advances. GST took more than a decade to come through. Aadhar is still not foolproof. Except income tax or passport services and now EPF rest are still struggling to adopt technologies. Police, land, revenue etc still need upgrades.

4.缺乏自动化：古代印度人在建筑、冶金、科学等方面取得了巨大进步，但今天我们看到他们似乎迷失了方向。如今，我们看到人们对改变或采用技术抱有抵触情绪。技术只有在迫切需要或过期时才会出现。农业仍然面临机械化和灌溉的问题。政府组织或部门仍然使用过时的技术，或者存在着很多惯性和推迟实施技术进步的问题。商品和服务税(GST)花了十多年的时间才得以实施。Aadhar身份证仍然不是百分之百可靠。除了所得税、护照服务和现在的公积金外，其他领域仍然在努力采用技术。警察、土地、税收等仍需升级。

5.Pendency of legal cases: with more than 2 crore cases pending in district courts and slightly a crore cases in high courts, there is lack of justice to average Indian. This forces people to make out of court arrangements, avoid going to courts or settle matters with alternative arrangements leading to corruption. It is really a joke that prominent personalities are able to delay judgement or fast track cases by choice. Most culprits who remain accused, due a natural death without the courts pronouncing judgement or some less fortunate souls spend a lifetime in jails pending the judgement. There is absolutely no fear of law hence. It’s a great irony that we have probably the largest number of non-practicing legal professionals.

5.法律案件的积压：目前地方法院有超过2亿个待处理案件，高等法院有约1亿个待处理案件，这导致普通印度人无法得到公正裁决。这迫使人们通过庭外安排、避免上法庭或通过另类安排解决问题，从而导致腐败。真是一个笑话，知名人士能够选择延迟审判或加快审理案件。大多数罪犯未经法院宣判就自然死亡，或者一些不那么幸运的人在监狱中度过一生，等待宣判。因此，对法律没有任何恐惧。讽刺的是，我们可能拥有最多的非执业法律专业人士。

Other prominent problems facing our country are very obvious and have been brought up in one form or other hence so I thought above ones need a thought.
We are collectively responsible for resolving these issues hence I hope to get some constructive comments too.

我们国家面临的其他突出问题非常明显，并且以这样或那样的形式被提出，因此我认为上面的问题需要思考。
我们共同有责任解决这些问题，因此我也希望得到一些建设性的意见。

Ashwin Shetty
As many have answered, the problems they have stated (most of them) is to be solved by the Govt. So let me point out some problems to be solved by us, The People.

正如许多人所回答的那样，他们所提出的问题(大部分)应该由政府来解决。所以让我指出一些需要我们人民来解决的问题。

1.Racism: People from manipur and such places are not even recognized as Indians. It saddens when people see them as Chinese. Likewise, tamilians are made fun of with fake accent when they don't even speak that way. I was shocked when people from north see themselves as whites and south as dark skinned. I am not generalizing but these stereotypes do exist. Why are people failing to understand that India is a diverse land.

1.种族歧视：来自曼尼普尔等地的人甚至都不被认定为印度人。当人们把他们误认为中国人时，他们感到悲伤。同样，泰米尔人在不讲那种口音的情况下被取笑。当北方人把自己看作白种人，而把南方人看作黑皮肤时，我感到震惊。我并不是一概而论，但这些成见确实存在。为什么人们不能理解印度是一个多元化的国家呢？

2.Media, not so media. Media is a powerful medium to present information and its analysis for the people to reason. but it's not the case as they are backed by some politicians that they have to support them. Now its just the views of the media which we see. No two channels show the same news. No story is complete. What happened to that case where a girl wrongly filed a case on a guy in delhi?

2.媒体，或者说不那么媒体。媒体是一个强大的传播信息和分析信息的媒介，供人们推理。但情况并非如此，因为他们受到某些政客的支持，必须支持他们。现在我们看到的只是媒体的观点。没有两个频道报道相同的新闻。没有一个完整的故事。那个在德里一名女孩错误地控告一名男子的案件发生了什么事了？

3.Caste-ism: Politics have been exploiting it openly now. Are we not responsible and sensible to understand and question that? Burning of a train and beating up its passengers in Andhra Pradesh is the latest outcome of this. When was the last time you saw your local representative? Last elections? Do not worry they will appear again in next elections. Few good politicians cannot change the system. All good citizen's silence cannot do good to change their lifestyle.

3.种姓主义：政治现在公开地在利用它。我们难道不应该负起责任，理智地理解并质疑这一点吗？在安得拉邦焚烧火车并殴打车上乘客就是这一问题的最新结果。你上一次见到你的地方代表是在什么时候？上次选举？别担心，他们会在下次选举时再次出现。少数好政治家无法改变这个体系。所有良好公民的沉默不能改变他们的生活方式。

4.Corruption. Pay a constable a bribe far more than the fine. No helmet, the fine is 100rs. Why bribe with 100 rs when that's the fine itself. You can show your license and records within a certain period of time, why are you still bribing? Don't wine on internet about rights when you forget your basic rights and bribe each day.

4.腐败。向警察行贿远远超过罚款。不戴头盔，罚款100卢比。既然罚款本身就是问题，为什么还要用100卢比贿赂呢。你可以在一定时间内出示你的执照和记录，为什么你还在行贿？当你忘记了自己的基本权利，每天都在行贿时，不要在网上大肆宣扬权利。

5.Education: India does a good job with its primary, secondary and high school education curriculum. The main purpose of these levels is to prepare our minds to analyse and reason. Social studies, Science, Maths and moral sciences are carefully tailored for each increasing grade/standard. However intermediate/PUC/ +1+2 are the first line of decline in what supposed to be a bridge between knowing what world is and what you can do with that knowledge. The content is never upxed. It is so bad that a person who finished the course a decade ago can still predict the question paper. The lecturers themselves ask you to prepare for sextive questions for they are guaranteed. That is how every level in that system takes a piss at it. The business being done by corporate colleges are ruining it more. Their success can be seen on TV commercials where in reality they have to buy students from rural backgrounds to lie studying in their colleges in many cases. This system habituates mind in finding an easy way to clear subjects rather than understanding what it is. Competitive exams following it is a perfect example of why students fail to understand the different formats in examinations. Students understand these exams in terms of plus and minus marks. If these exams were held right after school, they will surely understand why each exam format is different.

5.教育：印度在其小学、中学和高中教育课程方面做得很好。这些级别的主要目的是为了培养我们的思维分析能力。社会学、科学、数学和道德科学都经过精心设计，适用于每个不断提高的年级/标准。然而，高中/初级大学教育是知道世界是什么以及你可以用这些知识做什么之间的第一次衰退。内容从未得到更新。糟糕的是，十年前完成课程的人仍然可以预测试题。讲师们自己要求你为保证分数而准备选择性问题。这就是这个体系中的每个层次都在对它进行挑衅。企业学院正在破坏它。他们的成功可以在电视商业中看到，在现实生活中，他们必须从农村背景的学生那里收购学生才能声称他们在他们的学院学习。这个体系习惯于找到轻松通过科目的方法，而不是理解科目是什么。接下来的竞争性考试是学生为什么不能理解不同考试格式的完美例子。学生们理解这些考试是加分减分的。如果这些考试在学校之后立即举行，他们肯定会明白为什么每种考试格式都不同。

Anmol Narang
I should not say there are problems, but we have opportunities to improve, but since question is counting the problem, here is my thoughts:
I think biggest problem with We Indian’s is, we want things to happen correctly, but we don’t want to work on that. Only Govt should work on that, we can help only with social Media, by posting/share posts which sometimes gets annoying.

我不应该说存在问题，但我们有机会改进，但既然问题已经提出，这是我的想法： 我认为印度人最大的问题在于，我们希望事情能够正确进行，但我们不愿意为此努力。只有政府应该去解决问题，我们只能在社交媒体上发布/分享帖子，有时这会变得令人讨厌。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

So before we count problems with our systems, I think first we should count problems within ourselves and see what changes in ourselves can help in solving society problems.
I have traveled couple of countries and the difference I have seen over there, is people follow the rules, whether it is related to traffic, housing construction, supporting govt in crisis, cleanliness , greenery and so on…
I know we are country of billions and it is not easy to change the system as 99% of people would not be agree on you or your work.
I personally like to follow traffic rules which is major concern specially in major cities( I am from Gurgaon), try to avoid car as much as possible and use public transport, keeping the electricity off when not required and avoid giving bribes.
I am sure most of us, follow something or other to make things better and will keep doing so.

所以，在我们数清楚系统中的问题之前，我认为首先我们应该数清楚自身存在的问题，并看看我们自己的改变能否帮助解决社会问题。 我去过几个国家，我发现它们与印度的不同之处在于，人们遵守规则，无论是与交通、住房建设、支持政府危机处理、清洁、绿化等有关的规则…… 我知道我们是一个十亿人口的国家，改变系统并不容易，因为99%的人可能不会同意你或者你的工作。 我个人喜欢遵守交通规则，这在一些主要城市尤其是个主要关注点（我来自古尔冈），尽量避免开车，使用公共交通工具，不需要时关闭电灯并且拒绝行贿。 我相信我们大多数人都在做一些事情来使事情变得更好，而且将会继续这样做。

Shivani Gupta
The main problem I see is education..
There are other problems too like poverty,corruption. But they can be removed,If proper education is provided to the people.
To provide proper education,we need to improve our education system. To improve education system ,we need good teachers. To provide good teachers,we again need good education.
Main reason of not having good teachers:

我看到的主要问题是教育……
还有其他问题，比如贫穷、腐败。但是，如果给人民提供适当的教育，它们是可以消除的。
为了提供适当的教育，我们需要改进我们的教育制度。为了改善教育制度，我们需要好的教师。为了提供好的教师，我们还需要好的教育。
没有好老师的主要原因:

1.In India there are some good institutes too.but most of the students opt for a job rather than trying the career in teaching field.because they do not get a good salary there and they need to spend a lot time to complete there post graduation and phd to become a teacher but in other case, they can get a job after graduation also like in engineering with better salary package compare to teaching. If we do not get good teachers,how our education system will improve.

1.在印度，有一些好的学院，但大多数学生选择就业而不是从事教育事业，因为教师的薪水较低，而且他们需要花费很多时间完成研究生和博士学位才能成为教师。相比之下，他们可以在工程领域等其他领域毕业后就找到工作，而且薪水更高。如果我们没有好的教师，教育系统如何改善呢？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

2.Even if some people wants to do further study, they chose abroad for that, because they provide better research environment ,they wants to become teachers also, they prefer abroad only because they will be providing better money and better infrastructure and better living to them.

2.即使有些人想继续深造，他们也会选择国外，因为那里有更好的研究环境，他们也想成为老师，他们选择国外只是因为那里能提供更好的钱，更好的基础设施和更好的生活。

3.Reservation: People know, Its very hard to get government jobs because of reservation even if they are deserving. Because it is every where, from joining to promotion. it is bad for everyone , not even for general, government, even for categories also. For General , It is bad because even if they are deserving, they don’t get the seats, for Government It is bad because , they are not getting the deserving candidates for their most important positions like for IAS and teaching. If these top positions are not getting filled by deserved ones , Then how can we think of better India. For categories , It is bad because they know , they can get any good govt. job without working hard, They don’t give their full potential in anything (except some). May be If reservation was not there, then also they could get sexted.

3.预留制度：人们知道，由于预留制度，获得政府工作非常困难，即使他们是合适的人选。这种情况在加入和晋升过程中普遍存在。这对每个人都不利，不仅是对于普通人、政府，甚至对于各个类别的人都不利。对于普通人来说，即使他们是合适的人选，他们也得不到机会；对于政府来说，他们无法招募到应得的候选人来担任重要职位，如印度行政服务和教学岗位。如果这些高级职位都没有经过应得者的填补，我们如何指望建设一个更美好的印度？对于各个类别的人来说，预留制度不利的一面是，他们知道，他们可以不努力工作就能获得任何好的政府工作。他们在任何事情上都不会发挥出全部潜力（除了个别例外）。如果没有预留制度，他们也可能被录取。

4.Education for Money: I have come across many private Colleges mainly in small town,they do not even follow a proper interview procedure to sext a candidate for teaching.It shows ,In India people open a institute not to educate people but to earn money from them.

4.以赚钱为目的的教育：我曾经遇到过许多私立学院，尤其是在小城镇，他们甚至没有遵循适当的面试程序来选择教师候选人。这显示了在印度，人们开办学院不是为了教育人民，而是为了从中赚钱。

5.Poverty: Another reason for this, In India most people come from middle/lower class background. So they study hard only to earn money , they have to do that to support their family, So they go for the jobs from which they can start earning money asap.
It all going in loop. Apparently, it will a evergreen problem for India, If we not take proper measures for this.

5.贫穷:另一个原因是，在印度，大多数人来自中下层阶级。所以他们努力学习只是为了赚钱，他们必须这样做来养家糊口，所以他们去找可以尽快开始赚钱的工作。
这是一个循环。显然，如果我们不采取适当措施，这将是印度长期存在的问题。

Solution:
1.Privatization: Thanks to Modi for this. We know reservation is not gonna end. So it can help to deserving people for employment.
2.Government needs to provide more facility to colleges to do research work , So students will be encouraged to do higher studies in India only.
3.people need to change their mindset about taking teaching as their career option.

解决方案：
1.私有化：感谢莫迪政府推行私有化。我们知道预留制度不会结束，但它可以帮助合适的人就业。
2.政府需要为大学提供更多研究工作的设施，这样学生就会受到鼓励在印度进行更高层次的学习。
3.人们需要改变对教育事业的看法，将其视为自己的职业选择。

Shayar Arvind
If we keep counting we can count 40 problems easily.
If we dig little more we can find out 400 !
Problems are unending in any country.
We need to focus on solving them.
India is a huge country and like food changes every 50 kms,and language too. The problems keep changing based on our priorities and mindset.
We can say poverty, unemployment, education, infrastructure , healthcare and so on. Instead writting broadly on every subject, I would like to say, even we 10% Indians work towards solving problem as per our individual capacity, knowledge and interest we can do miracles.

如果我们继续数下去，很容易就能列举出40个问题。如果我们深入挖掘，甚至可以找到400个问题！任何国家都有无尽的问题。我们需要集中精力解决这些问题。
印度是一个庞大的国家，就像食物每50公里就会不同化一样，语言也是如此。问题会根据我们的优先事项和思维方式而不断变化。
我们可以说贫困、失业、教育、基础设施、医疗保健等等。而不是在每个主题上进行广泛的描述，我想说的是，即使我们印度人中的10%根据我们个人的能力、知识和兴趣致力于解决问题，我们也可以创造奇迹。

I am not asking anyone to devote money, time ,energy etc. Even contributing by giving some rational ,practical suggestion to solve the problem will take our country towards revolutionary changes.
We should not forget even world's superpower is also having it's own problems, so will too have same. But with practical suggestions and contributing as per capacity (even if I stop littering, it will be one step) we can solve problems and can make personal, family and social life more comfortable.

我并不要求任何人投入金钱、时间、精力等等。即使通过提出一些建设性、实用的建议来解决问题，也将使我们的国家朝着革命性的变化迈进。
我们不应忘记，即使世界超级大国也有自己的问题，我们也会有相同的问题。但是通过实际建议和根据自己的能力做出贡献（即使我停止乱扔垃圾，这也是一步），我们可以解决问题，使个人、家庭和社会生活更加舒适。