QA：中国古代是怎样制造箭的？ AS：他们可能是用的流水线
How were arrows made in ancient China?
译文简介
AS：箭由三部分组成：箭头、箭身和羽毛。箭身和羽毛的难度较小。真正难制作的是金属箭头。
古代中国人在制造金属箭头方面非常熟练，他们甚至创建了某种类似流水线的工厂来生产箭头。
正文翻译
Profile photo for Aya Shawn
Aya Shawn
An arrow consists of three parts: arrowhead, arrow body and feathers.
Arrow shafts and feathers are less difficult. What's really difficult to make are metal arrowheads.
The ancient Chinese were so skilled at making metal arrowheads that they even created some kind of assembly line-like factory to produce arrowheads.
箭由三部分组成：箭头、箭身和羽毛。
箭身和羽毛的难度较小。真正难制作的是金属箭头。
古代中国人在制造金属箭头方面非常熟练，他们甚至创建了某种类似流水线的工厂来生产箭头。
Aya Shawn
An arrow consists of three parts: arrowhead, arrow body and feathers.
Arrow shafts and feathers are less difficult. What's really difficult to make are metal arrowheads.
The ancient Chinese were so skilled at making metal arrowheads that they even created some kind of assembly line-like factory to produce arrowheads.
箭由三部分组成：箭头、箭身和羽毛。
箭身和羽毛的难度较小。真正难制作的是金属箭头。
古代中国人在制造金属箭头方面非常熟练，他们甚至创建了某种类似流水线的工厂来生产箭头。
This is a bronze arrowhead discovered by archaeologists in the pit of Qin Shihuang's Terracotta Warriors and Horses 2,200 years ago.
More than 40,000 arrowheads like this have been found. Based on inscxtions on other weapons found near the arrowheads, archaeologists found that the arrowheads were made decades apart.
They may have come from military factories in different places at different times.
But all arrows remain highly consistent.
The contour error of the three sides of the Qin soldier's triangular arrow is no more than 0.15 mm, and the arrow edge adopts a streamlined three-cone space curve. After magnifying 24 times, it miraculously coincides with the outline of a contemporary pistol bullet.
这是考古学家在2200年前的秦始皇兵马俑坑中发现的青铜箭头。
已发现超过40,000个这样的箭头。根据箭头附近发现的其他武器上的铭文，考古学家发现箭头的制作时间相隔数十年。
他们可能来自不同时间、不同地点的军工厂。
但所有箭头都保持高度一致。
秦朝三角箭三边轮廓误差不超过0.15毫米，箭刃采用流线型三锥空间曲线。放大24倍后，与当代手枪子弹的轮廓奇迹般重合。
More than 40,000 arrowheads like this have been found. Based on inscxtions on other weapons found near the arrowheads, archaeologists found that the arrowheads were made decades apart.
They may have come from military factories in different places at different times.
But all arrows remain highly consistent.
The contour error of the three sides of the Qin soldier's triangular arrow is no more than 0.15 mm, and the arrow edge adopts a streamlined three-cone space curve. After magnifying 24 times, it miraculously coincides with the outline of a contemporary pistol bullet.
这是考古学家在2200年前的秦始皇兵马俑坑中发现的青铜箭头。
已发现超过40,000个这样的箭头。根据箭头附近发现的其他武器上的铭文，考古学家发现箭头的制作时间相隔数十年。
他们可能来自不同时间、不同地点的军工厂。
但所有箭头都保持高度一致。
秦朝三角箭三边轮廓误差不超过0.15毫米，箭刃采用流线型三锥空间曲线。放大24倍后，与当代手枪子弹的轮廓奇迹般重合。
In addition, metallurgical experts also conducted a metallographic analysis of the arrowheads and found that tens of thousands of arrowheads were actually cast with the same metal ratio. This means that whether in the northern grasslands or in the southern jungles, On the battlefield, all arrows fired by the Qin army at their opponents have the same quality.
此外，冶金专家还对箭头进行了金相分析，发现数以万计的箭头实际上是用相同的金属配比铸造的。这意味着，无论是在北方草原，还是在南方丛林，战场上，秦军向对手射出的所有箭矢，品质都是一样的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
此外，冶金专家还对箭头进行了金相分析，发现数以万计的箭头实际上是用相同的金属配比铸造的。这意味着，无论是在北方草原，还是在南方丛林，战场上，秦军向对手射出的所有箭矢，品质都是一样的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
As you can imagine, such an arrow flies smoothly, is fast, and has a very high hit rate. Moreover, the arrow standards are uniform. The quality of this arrow is exactly the same as the previous arrow, and there will be no major deviation.
This is a level that only modern industry can achieve. However, this was already done in ancient China 2,200 years ago.
可想而知，这样的箭飞得平稳，速度快，命中率极高。而且，箭头标准是统一的。这支箭的品质和之前的箭一模一样，不会有大的偏差。
这是只有现代工业才能达到的水平。然而，这在2200年前的中国古代就已经做到了。
This is a level that only modern industry can achieve. However, this was already done in ancient China 2,200 years ago.
可想而知，这样的箭飞得平稳，速度快，命中率极高。而且，箭头标准是统一的。这支箭的品质和之前的箭一模一样，不会有大的偏差。
这是只有现代工业才能达到的水平。然而，这在2200年前的中国古代就已经做到了。
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Stacy Lin
· Sat
Not only that…if you look at the geometry of the arrowheads, they create a triangular wound which cannot close on its own. So the victim can bleed out no matter what part of the body the arrow strikes even if it is not a critical point within the torso. British bayonets of the post renaissance period had a similar reputation.
不仅如此……如果你观察箭头的几何形状，它们会形成一个无法自行闭合的三角形伤口。因此，无论箭击中身体的哪个部位，即使不是躯干内的关键点，受害者也可能会一直流血。文艺复兴后时期的英国刺刀也有类似的声誉。
Oliver C. Be
· Sep 27
impressive
不可思议
Ahmad Jamal
· Sep 28
Great. I didn't think it would be possible without some central controlled authority.
太伟大了。我认为如果没有中央集权机构，这是不可能的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Yimin Selaks
· Sep 28
The Qin was very centralized and basically ended feudalism in China, which is why they were able to pull stuff off like this as well as standardising coins, roads etc
秦朝非常集权，基本上结束了中国的封建制度，这就是为什么他们能够实现这样的事情以及标准化硬币、道路等
Anthony Maw
· Sep 28
I’m pretty sure those Chinese bronze arrows could penetrate a Crusader’s chainmail body protection and even Knight’s armour.
我很确定那些中国青铜箭可以穿透十字军的锁子甲身体保护，甚至骑士的盔甲。
Brian Wilson
· Sep 27
are you saying people from around the world didnt know how to cast bronze? only china did? :)
你是说世界各地的人都不知道如何铸造青铜吗？只有中国有吗？ :)
Frédéric
· Sep 27
Why don’t you post some pictures of arrows found around the world that were made over 2,000 years ago, and compare them to above pictures?
That would be better than asking such a question?
你为什么不贴一些世界各地发现的2000多年前制作的箭头的图片，并将它们与上面的图片进行比较？
这会比问这样的问题更好吗？
Benson Osuji
· Sep 27
Not bronze, the consistent standard over decades and the fact that they were producing millions of arrows that were almost the same 2000 years ago, maybe the Romans or Persians achieved the same but I'm not privy to that information.
关键不是青铜，而是几十年来的一致标准，事实上他们生产了数百万支与 2000 年前几乎相同的箭头，也许罗马人或波斯人也达到了同样的水平，但我不知道这些信息。
Wei Shi
· Sep 28
Not likely, a least not arrow heads.
不可能，至少他们做的不是箭头
Benson Osuji
· Sep 28
That's impressive although I'll check
这令人印象深刻，我去学习一下
Yimin Selaks
· Sep 27
It’s more about the consistent quality and mass production that was hard to achieve, not bronze casting
更多的是难以实现的一致质量和批量生产，而不是青铜铸造
Lance Lee
· Sep 28
Wilson ! You need to calm down.
Where was it explicitly stated (except in your own mind) that the world didn’t know bronze casting and only Chinese did ???
Wilson！你需要冷静下来。
答主哪里明确说过（除了你自己的想法之外）世界不知道青铜铸造，只有中国人知道？？？
Christopher Jean
· Sep 30
The west did cast bronze for centuries but the article refers to scale and continuity of production as the key focal point. The west did not produce anything close to that level of production because of the simple questions you should be asking such as population concentration and economic potential. Warfare was entirely different in the Western world and restricted to the economic elite for the most part with combat mostly based upon hand to hand melee. Missile weapons as a percentage of armaments was a small minority of total weapons and battlefield inflicted casualties. This was due to many factors such as the social systems, economic conditions and cultural factors. It took Europe about 1500 years to approach the warfare conditions of total war which were practiced during the Warring states period of Chou Dynasty times. There are many books or articles written about this phenomenon by military historians. The Chou Dynasty armies were already fighting in nationally mobilized Pike, Halberd and Bow combined units in much of the same fashion as Medi Swiss. Yes, the Chinese were fighting in Pike Phalanxes of societal industrial size as early as the 6th-7th century BC even before Phillip rearmed his Macedonians. That is how far advanced they were in their technological application to military practice in total war. Alexander the Great experimented with Pike and Persian Bow armed mixed units near the end of his life on the practice field ….something the Chou armies were already familiar. Aside from the Ancient Egyptians, Persians and Imperial age Romans there have been few in any states of this period who could produce industrial level military equipment with a standardization and quality, consistency, reliability on such a massive scale. ✌️
西方铸造青铜已有几个世纪的历史，但文章将生产的规模和连续性视为关键焦点。西方没有生产任何接近这一生产水平的产品。你应该问一些简单的问题，例如人口集中度和经济潜力。西方世界的战争则完全不同，大多数情况下仅限于精英之间的战争，战斗主要基于肉搏战。远程武器占军备的比例小，仅占武器总数和战场伤亡的一小部分。这是由社会制度、经济条件、文化因素等多种因素造成的。欧洲用了大约1500年的时间才达到了周代战国时期实行的全面战争的战争条件。军事历史学家写了很多关于这种现象的书籍或文章。周朝军队已经是全部装备长矛、戟和弓的合成军队，其方式与中世纪瑞士人的方式大致相同。是的，早在公元前六世纪至七世纪，中国人就以社会工业规模的长矛方阵进行战斗，甚至在菲利普重新武装他的马其顿方阵之前。这就是他们在全面战争中将技术应用到军事实践中的成果。亚历山大大帝在他生命的最后阶段才在练习场上试验了长矛和波斯弓武装混合部队……周朝军队很早对此已经很熟悉了。除了古埃及人、波斯人和帝国时代的罗马人之外，这一时期的任何国家都很少有人能够大规模生产具有标准化、质量、一致性和可靠性的工业级军事装备。 ✌️
Petra Liel
· Sep 28
Im sure some did with stone or obsidian but not with a factory 2000 some years ago producing it with consistency
我确信有些人用的是石头或黑曜石来做武器，但 2000 年前的工厂不可能一致地生产它
Leo De Oliveira
· Sep 28
And yet they can’t make a decent corkscrew that survives more than a dozen bottle openings.
然而，他们无法制造出能经受十几次开瓶的像样的开瓶器。
Aya Shawn
· Sep 28
Is there a possibility that the money you gave is not enough?
有没有可能你给的钱不够？
Leo De Oliveira
· Sep 28
Tge money doesn’t matter. It’s Planned Obsolescence on steroids.
钱并不重要。这是计划性报废。
Christopher Jean
· Sep 30
No, stop shopping at dollar stores. China also makes name brand corkscrews that cost much more. ♂️
不，停止在一元店购物。中国还生产名牌开瓶器，但价格要高得多。 ♂️
Leo De Oliveira
· Sep 30
No they don’t. They just look prettier, more chrome, etc, but the little rivets that hold the hinges together are still made with Great Leap Forward iron. The fact is, if the Chinese made something that never fell apart, you’d never buy its replacement, an then its replacement, and then its replacement, ad nauseam.
不，他们没有。它们只是看起来更漂亮，镀铬更多等等，但将铰链固定在一起的小铆钉仍然是用大跃进铁制成的。事实是，如果中国制造的东西永远不会崩溃，你永远不会购买它的替代品，然后是它的替代品，然后是它的替代品，令人恶心。
Christopher Jean
· Sep 30
So you collect high end bottle opener…that’s your reference for all things Chinese made. ♂️
所以你收集了高端开瓶器……这是你对中国制造的所有东西的参考。 ♂️
Leo De Oliveira
· Sep 30
If you can’t make a simple bottle opener, how are you going to be able to make anything more complex? A thing has to be able to function for longer than your standard Chinese two-week warranty.
如果你不能制作一个简单的开瓶器，你怎么能制作出更复杂的东西呢？一个东西的功能必须能够比中国标准的两周保修期更长。
Tokiaki Fujimiya
· Sat
The quality of a product depends on the standards set by the brand owner. In other words, it is not that China cannot produce high-quality products, but that the brand owners do not want high-quality products.
When brand companies don't want to invest more money in production costs, consumers get a product that has a short life.
产品的质量取决于品牌所有者设定的标准。换句话说，并不是中国不能生产高质量的产品，而是品牌商不想要高质量的产品。
当品牌公司不想在生产成本上投入更多资金时，消费者得到的产品寿命很短。
Leo De Oliveira
· Sat
You’re right. But brand owners are attracted to Chinese manufacturers precisely because of their well-earned reputations for producing shoddy goods.
你说得对。但品牌所有者之所以被中国制造商所吸引，正是因为它们以生产伪劣产品而闻名。
Baw-Lin Liu
· Sep 28
Prior to the rise of Qin, Persia possessed advanced technology and civilian standards, and under Greek rule, Persian immigrants might have shared their knowledge with the people of Qin. On the other hand, Qin was at a disadvantage among the other six states, and with their dedication and strict governance, they could have developed their own unified system and mass-produced weaponry without Persian assistance.
在秦崛起之前，波斯拥有先进的技术和民用水平，在希腊统治下，波斯移民可能与秦人分享他们的知识。另一方面，秦国在其他六国中处于劣势，凭借他们的奉献精神和严格的治理，他们可以在没有波斯援助的情况下发展自己的统一制度并大量生产武器。
lee peng
· Sep 28
What you mean is that the Qin Empire’s arrow technology was taught by the Persians.
Great, can you find some pictures of Persian mass-produced arrowheads?
你的意思是，秦帝国的箭头技术是波斯人传授的。
很好，你能找几张波斯人大规模生产的箭头图片来看看吗？
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Deekshith M S
· Sep 28
I have seen ancient Roman weapon artifacts in museums in Italy. They also have many arrows.
I can't say those arrows weren't sharp, but they came in all sizes and shapes.
They look like they are handmade compared to the Chinese arrowheads which look like they are machine tooled and they even have a polished surface!
我在意大利的博物馆里看到过古罗马的武器文物。他们也有许多箭头。
我不能说那些箭头不锋利，但是他们大小各异，形状也各式各样。
和中国的箭头相比，他们像是手工打造的，而中国的这些箭头像是机床加工的，他们甚至抛光了表面！
zhang wei jie
· Sep 28
I am Chinese, and I want to say that what the questioner said is true.
But the wonders of these weapons have not yet been fully demonstrated.
In fact, they not only opened an assembly line, but also designed a "tracking serial number"
On every weapon made by the Qin Empire, there will be several small text recording information as follows:
1. Date
2. The minister’s name
3. Name of supervisor
4. Worker’s name
In Chinese history books, this is called "marking workers' names on things", which means that every product must be traceable to its manufacturer. If there is a quality problem, the manufacturer will be held accountable.
It's a pity they didn't have smartphones before 2000, otherwise we would have seen a bronze cast QR code on it.
我是中国人，我想说答主说的都是事实
但是还并没有完全展示这些武器的奇迹。
实际上他们不但开通了流水线，还设计了“追踪序列号”
每一件秦帝国制造的武器上，都会有几个很小的文字记录信息如下
1、日期
2、大臣的名字
3、主管的名字
4、工人的名字
在中国人的历史书上，这叫做“物勒工名”，意思是每一件产品都要能追踪到他的制造者，一旦存在质量问题，则追究制造者的责任。
可惜他们在2000年前没有智能手机，否则我们会看到那上面存在一个青铜铸造的二维码。
· Sep 28
It's an incredible miracle that ancient China was so advanced. How they have become a source of inferior products lately.
贝克汉姆
难以置信的奇迹，中国古代是如此先进。他们最近怎么成了劣质产品的来源。
· Sep 28
You must know that iPhones are also made in China, and disposable Christmas trees are also made in China.
If the Chinese products you encounter are all inferior, it means you can only afford such things.
I don't mean to offend
你必须知道，iphone也是中国制造，一次性圣诞树也是中国制造。
如果你遇到的中国货都是劣质产品，说明你只消费得起这样的东西。
我无意冒犯
· Sep 28
Where can I see these wonders? Did you see it in the British Museum? Still have to go to China
杰克博客
哪里可以看到这些奇迹？你是在大英博物馆看到的吗？还是必须去中国
· Sep 28
As far as I know, because the number is too large.
These bronze arrowheads are not very valuable.
I even saw it on AliExpress
据我所知，由于数量太过庞大。
这些青铜箭头并不非常珍贵。
我甚至在速卖通上看到过
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
zhang wei jie
· Sep 28
Friends, trust me, what’s on AliExpress is just modern knockoffs.
For the real thing, you need to go to xi’an Museum
朋友，相信我，速卖通上的只是现代仿制品。
真货你需要去陕西博物馆才能看到