知道枪支是合法的,人们怎么还能在美国生活下去？他们生活在恐惧中吗?（二）

John Partridge
How can people live in the US knowing that guns are legal?
Your question arises because you live in a culture that is truly different than the one you are examining. We all do it. When you look at pictures in National Geographic and see natives with their earlobes (or lips) stretched so that they can put plates in them, we wonder why anyone would do that. But the people doing it think that it makes them beautiful. The culture that you live in, or the one you grew up in, makes an enormous difference in how you see the world.
Think about it this way, if you have a computer and find yourself on Quora, you are probably both familiar and comfortable with automobiles, and yet, more people are killed every day by automobiles than by guns in years (Okay, that is a bit of hyperbole. The actual data says that about 10,000 people are killed with guns by homicide - and 20,000 by suicide - in a given year and more than 30,000 by automobile accidents so it’s about a 3–1 cars vs. guns. Overall, gun deaths amount to about 1 percent of deaths nationally). Crazy people, and sick people, drive cars and trucks into crowds and hurt and kill people with some frequency and yet we aren’t afraid of cars nor do we attempt to ban them. We’re comfortable with automobiles because we are familiar with them and we trust the people around us to use them responsibly.

知道枪支是合法的,人们怎么还能在美国生活下去？
你的问题之所以出现，是因为你生活在一个与你所研究的文化完全不同的文化中，我们都是这样做的，当你看《国家地理》杂志上的照片，看到土著人把耳垂(或嘴唇)拉长，以便可以撑住盘子时，我们想知道为什么有人会这样做。但做这件事的人认为这让他们变得美丽。你所生活的文化，或者你成长的文化，会对你看待世界的方式产生巨大的影响。
这样想吧，如果你有一台电脑，自己在Quora搜索信息，你可能对汽车很熟悉，汽车让你生活变得舒适，然而，每年死于汽车的人数比几年来死于枪支的人数还要多（好吧，这有点夸张。实际数据显示，某一年约有1万人死于凶杀，2万人死于自杀，3万多人死于车祸，所以汽车与枪支导致人死亡的比例约为3：1；总体而言，枪支死亡约占全国死亡人数的1%）。疯子和病人经常开车/卡车撞向人群，伤害和杀害人们，但我们并不害怕汽车，也没试图禁止它们。我们对汽车感到满意，因为我们熟悉它们，我们相信周围的人会负责任地使用它们。

It’s much the same with guns. For those of us who either grew up with them, grew up around them, were in the military, or simply spent some time learning about them and training on them, guns seem pretty ordinary. During my time in the military, I was sometimes in a group of a hundred (sometimes several hundred) or more people who all had rifles, sidearms (handguns), and almost certainly all them had one or more knives as well. None of us were afraid. We all trusted that the people around us would act responsibly with the tools that we had.
Those are the two operative words, really: Tools and trust. People from a culture in which they’ve grown accustomed and familiar to the presence and the use of guns consider them to simply be one more tool that we use, like hammers, kitchen knives, or automobiles. We find their presence to be ordinary and we aren’t afraid because we’ve learned to trust the people around us to act responsibly.
Most of the time they do, but not all the time. The same can be said about any of the other tools that we use. When that happens, the question that we ask ourselves is whether the problem is with the tools, or with the people using them. But that’s a whole separate question that we’ll have to consider another day.

枪支也是如此。对于我们这些和枪一起长大，在枪周围长大，在军队里服役，或者只是花了一些时间学习和训练枪的人来说，拥有枪似乎是很普通的事情。在我服役期间，我有时会和一百（有时是几百）或更多的人在一起，他们都有步枪、侧臂（手枪），几乎可以肯定的是，他们也都有一把或多把刀。我们对谁都不害怕。我们都相信，我们周围的人会负责任地使用手中的工具的。
实际上，这是两个有效的词：工具和信任。在一个他们已经习惯和熟悉枪支存在和使用的文化中，人们认为枪支只是我们使用的又一种工具，就和锤子、菜刀或汽车一样。我们发现他们的存在是很普通的事情，我们并不害怕，因为我们学会了相信周围的人会负责任地使用它们。
大多数时候他们都负责的使用它们，但不是所有的时间都如此，我们使用的任何其他工具也是如此。当这种情况发生时，我们问自己的问题是，问题是出在工具，还是出在使用工具的人身上。但这是一个完全独立的问题，我们必须改天再考虑。

Chris Everett
How can people live in the US knowing that guns are legal?
No, people don’t live in fear.
Guns are actually legal in most countries, to a point. Yes, they are far more available in the US, but don’t think that citizens of most nations can’t legally own firearms.
If you “shoot someone on a whim” here, you will probably go to prison for the rest of your life (and you will die there), or we will put you to death. Lots of states still have the death penalty.
Why do people not stab or beat each other on a whim in your country? Why do you think that the addition of a firearm changes that calculus?
Most of the US is extremely safe. Our “gun problem” is mostly between people engaged in criminal activity, and gun use in suicide.

知道枪支是合法的,人们怎么还能在美国生活下去？
不，人们并没有生活在恐惧中。
在某种程度上，枪支在大多数国家实际上是合法的。它们在美国的确更容易获得，但不要认为大多数国家的公民不能合法拥有枪支。
如果你在这里“心血来潮射杀某人”，你可能会在监狱里度过余生（你会死在监狱），或者我们会把你处死，许多州仍然有死刑。
为什么在你们国家，人们不一时兴起就互相刺伤或殴打？为什么你认为有了枪支就会改变这种认知？
美国大部分地区都非常安全。我们的“枪支问题”主要发生在从事犯罪活动的人和自杀时使用枪支之间。

William Bingham
I come from what I consider to be the “California of the South.” My state’s laws state that anyone can carry openly, but you must be 21 to legally concealed carry. As I’m waiting for the time to get my CCL, I have been experimenting with open carry, using my government model 1911.
I’ve had some folks thank me for carrying and continuing the constitutional tradition, I’ve had some that ask if I’m a cop (likely from my military bearing/buzz cut hair), and don’t understand why I’m carrying if I’m not a cop. All in all, about 90 percent of the peop around don’t say anything, or notice.
I’ve only had one “bad” experience, and that was going to one of the local diners. I walked in, an elderly woman sitting in the waiting area had her eyes level with my holster. She asked if I’m a cop, I replied “no, ma’am.” She asked if I was military, I responded “no ma’am” again. She proceeded to tell me that I couldn’t have “that” in here. I responded that she was welcome to her beliefs, but the law and legality of the situation said otherwise (there were no “no guns allowed” signs on the entrance, and no one of the management had ever commented on it any of the other times I had eaten there. If they ask me to leave, I would.).

我来自我认为的“南方的加利福尼亚”。我所在州的法律规定，任何人都可以公开携带枪支，但必须年满21岁才能合法隐蔽携带枪支。在我等待拿到AK-47 CCL的时候，我一直在用我的1911型号手枪进行公开持枪试验。
有一些人感谢我携带枪支并延续了宪法的传统，也有一些人问我是不是警察(可能是因为我的军服和平头)，如果我不是警察，他们不明白我为什么要携带枪支。总而言之，大约90%的人不会说什么，也不会注意到。
我只有过一次“糟糕”的经历，那就是去当地的一家餐馆吃饭。我走了进去，一位坐在等候区的老妇人的眼睛正盯着我的枪套。她问我是不是警察，我说"不是，女士"她问我是不是军人，我又回答:“不是，女士。”。她接着告诉我，我不能把“那个”带进来。我回答说，我们乐于接受她坚持自己的信仰，但这是符合法律的，这是合法性的情况(餐厅入口处没有“禁止携带枪支”的标志，而且我在那里吃饭的时候，没有一个管理人员对此发表过评论。如果他们要求我离开，我会离开的。）。

I went and took a seat, and was looking over the menu when someone sat across from me. Not expecting company, I look up to see one of the local police officers sitting down with me. He introduced himself, asked me about the pistol, as well as different questions I partially answered with the knowledge I wasn’t being detained, as of yet. He ordered, continued to sit with me and ate with me. We talked different topics , and so on. Close to finishing, he looked behind him, thanked me for letting him join, and began to get up to leave. I asked why he had decided to join me, and smiled before speaking.
“Oh, I came in right behind you. An elderly woman pointed you out to me, and said that you were planning on shooting up the place. When I asked how she knew, she said ‘He has a big gun. That’s all the reason I need.’ I figured if nothing else, it would be nice to sit with a young man that was watching the door with something to protect himself.”

我坐了下来，正在看菜单时，有人坐在我对面。我没想到会有人，抬头看到一名当地警察和我坐在一起。他做了自我介绍，问了我手枪的事，还问了我一些不同的问题，我只回答了一部分，因为我知道我还没有被拘留。他点了餐，继续和我坐在一起，和我一起吃饭。我们谈论了不同的话题，等等。快结束时，他回头看了看，感谢我让他在我这张桌子坐下来，然后开始起身离开。我问他为什么决定加入我这桌，他笑了笑才开口说话。
“我跟在你后面进来的。一个上了年纪的女人把你指给我看，说你打算在那个地方开枪。我问她怎么知道的，她说:“他有一把大威力枪，这就是我需要的全部理由。”。我想，如果不出意外的话，和一个拿着保护自己的东西守在门口的年轻人坐在一起会很好。”

He thanked me for being polite and courteous to both him and the woman, and said he hoped that his son (I believe he was 5, I don’t exactly recall) would be like me when he grew up. I found out later he had paid for my meal as he was walking out.
Moral of the story: if you plan to carry at all, expect to run into people that know your rights better than you. Don’t do anything to street like carrying a Barrett .50 BMG without any reason, be polite and courteous, and know your position within the law.
A friend has commonly referred to me as “passively stubborn.” I accept the descxtion, as I’m polite and courteous to everyone regardless of their beliefs, but will continue to stand for what I believe to be right. It doesn’t do anyone good to be rude and cantankerous.
Respect the divine, and love people.

他感谢我对待他和那个女人礼貌和谦恭，并说他希望他的儿子（我认为是5岁了，我不太记得了）长大后也能像我一样。后来我发现他在出门时给我付了餐费。
这个故事的寓意是：如果你打算随身携带，就会遇到比你更了解你的权利的人。不要在街上做任何事情，比如毫无理由地携带Barrett制造制造的50BMG口径步枪，要有礼貌和谦恭，并知道自己在法律范围内的立场。
一位朋友通常称我为“被动固执”。我接受这种描述，因为我对每个人都很有礼貌——不管他们的信仰是什么，但我会继续坚持做我认为正确的事情。粗鲁和脾气暴躁对任何人而言都没有好处。
尊重神，爱人。

Dennis Manning
I live in Missouri, where the men are men and the women are never lonely.
We do manly stuff, like drink beer, burp, watch football games, fish, hunt, drink beer, and burp (I mention drinking beer and burping twice because we really like those things).
We don’t eat quiche, we love to grill steaks, we can make shelter from a couple of twigs with a pocketknife. We love our country, respect the office of the president, and everyday we go about our lives making goods and services that get used around the country. We fix our cars ourselves if we can and we know the difference between chicken salad and chicken shit. And we don’t need a PhD to do it either.
Here, we have open carry.
So if comes in with a pistol on his hip, nobody bats an eye.
We recognize the gun’s purpose. It ain’t a toy. It is a tool for preservation, whether it be to put food on the table or to protect our loved ones. We practice safety, and we make sure to teach it to our kids as well, because one day they will be replacing us.
So when we hear about a school shooting, or a death due to accident, we shrug and say “somebody screwed up”. And if there should come a day that something like that happens to us, we’ll do the appropriate grieving, but chances are the death count will be small because we are able to respond back.
That doesn’t mean we live in a shooting gallery. We just know what we are doing with our guns.
And for that reason, we AREN’T afraid.

我住在密苏里州，那里男人就是男人，女人从不孤独。
我们做一些有男子气概的事情，比如喝啤酒、打饱嗝、看足球比赛、钓鱼、打猎、喝啤酒和打饱嗝（我两次提到喝啤酒和打饱嗝，因为我们真的很喜欢这些事情）。
我们不吃乳蛋饼，我们喜欢烤牛排，我们可以用一把小折刀用几根小树枝搭个帐篷。我们热爱我们的国家，尊重总统的职位，我们每天都在为全国各地提供商品和服务。如果可以的话，我们会自己修车，我们知道鸡肉沙拉和鸡粪的区别。我们也不需要博士学位。
这里，我们公开携带枪支。
所以如果屁股上插着手枪进来，没有人会眨一下眼睛的。
我们知道枪的用途，这不是玩具。无论是把食物摆上餐桌还是保护我们所爱的人，它都是一种拥有保护用途的工具。我们安全的练习，我们也确保把它教给我们的孩子，因为总有一天他们会取代我们。
因此，当我们听到校园枪击案或枪击事故死人时，我们耸耸肩说“有人搞砸了”。如果有一天类似的事情发生在我们身上，我们会做适当的悲伤，但死亡人数很可能很小，因为我们能够做出回应。
那并不意味着我们住在射击场，我们完全知道我们在用枪做什么。
因此，我们并不害怕。

Dennis Manning
Killing someone in cold blood is illegal.
Doing reckless actions that get someone killed is illegal.
Setting up someone to be killed is illegal.
Defending yourself by neutralizing a physical/deadly threat is not. It is for this situation a gun would be needed.

冷血杀人是违法的。
鲁莽行事导致他人死亡是违法的。
陷害别人杀人是违法的。
通过消除身体或致命威胁来保护自己却不是违法的；只有在这种情况下才需要一把枪。

John Herr
Guns don’t kill people.
People kill people.
And most people, are good people.
The good people with guns protect each other from the bad people with guns.
Take away the guns and people still kill each other, just with other stuff. That's unpreventable currently.
Guns are just a weapon, whether the weapon be used for good or bad. They are not a threat.
Yeah maybe id be scared of a dude on the sidewalk holding a gun to my chest telling me to give him everything I'm holding.
But id also be scared of a dude on the sidewalk holding a sharp stick holding it against my neck and doing the same thing.
They're just a weapon.
And okay I'm not some gun enthusiast. And I'm not one to answer questions like this.

我不是第一个这么说的。
枪不会杀人。
人会杀人。
大多数人都是好人。
持枪的好人互相保护，不受持枪的坏人的伤害。
禁止枪，人们仍然会互相残杀，只是用其它东西而已，这是目前无法预防的。
枪支只是一种武器——无论这种武器是好是坏，它们不是威胁。
是的，也许我害怕人行道上的某个家伙用枪指着我的胸口，告诉我把我手里的一切都给他。
但我也害怕人行道上的某个家伙拿着一根锋利的棍子抵在我的脖子上做同样的事情。
它们只是一种武器。
好吧，我不是什么枪支热烈支持者。我不会回答这样的问题。

Jae Yang
Here are the nine reasons why so many people in the USA own firearms:
America's founding principles are congruous with self-determination and self-defense - Second Amendment to the United States Constitution
Americans believe that self-defense is a right and not a privilege.
Americans are comfortable with owning and being responsible for operating firearms. Also, firearms are often handed down from parents to their children.
Americans understand that police cannot be at your home promptly when a crime is underway. This is especially true in the rural area.
Americans believe that a society of law-abiding, armed citizenry is less likely to be under threat of usurpation by a totalitarian regime. Corollary to that is to say Americans believe that existence of a largely peaceful armed citizenry is a good sign that one is living in a well-ordered, free society.
Some people hunt for sport and/or for food. Some people hunt to save their farming livelihood - there's a wild boar problem in Texas and surrounding states. See USDA Entry on Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
Target shooting, skeet & trap shooting, and plixing are fun recreational activities
Shooting sports take years of experience to master and for some Americans, this aspect of achieving a sort of mastery experience is what compels them to own a firearm.
Americans generally love gadgets and appreciate workmanship that went into constructing the said gadgets. We love our cars, iPads, and our guns.
I hope the nine reasons I listed helped you understand why so many people in the USA own firearms.
Thanks for reading.

以下是美国这么多人拥有枪支的九个原因：
美国的建国原则与自决和自卫相一致——美国宪法第二修正案
美国人认为自卫是一种权利，而不是特权。
美国人对拥有并负责操作枪支感到自在。此外，枪支通常是由父母传给孩子的。
美国人明白，当犯罪发生时，警察是不能及时赶到你家的，在农村地区尤其如此。
美国人认为，一个守法、有武装的公民社会不太可能受到极权主义政权强夺的威胁。由此得出的推论是，美国人相信，一个基本上和平武装的公民的存在，是一个良好的迹象，表明一个人生活在一个秩序良好、自由的社会。
有些人狩猎是为了运动和/或食物。有些人狩猎是为了维持他们的农业生计——得克萨斯州和周边各州都存在野猪问题；参见美国农业部关于野猪的条目（Sus scrofa）
打靶、飞碟和飞碟射击都是有趣的娱乐活动
射击运动需要多年的经验才能掌握，对一些美国人来说，获得某类事物精通经验的这一方面正是促使他们拥有枪支的原因。
美国人一般都喜欢小玩意，也欣赏制作这些小玩意的工艺。我们爱我们的车、ipad和枪。
我希望我列出的九个原因能帮助你理解为什么美国有这么多人拥有枪支。
感谢阅读。

Frederick Dolan
One way to approach this question is to turn it around. Why do so few people in Europe and the United Kingdom have guns?
The answer, obviously, is complex, but a very important part of it is that European states disarmed their populations at a time when the people had no means of resistance. The theory was that the essence of the state was its possession of a monopoly on violence, so making certain that no one but the state was armed was central to achieving legitimacy.
In effect, ordinary Europeans never had the kind of opportunity to acquire weapons that Americans had.

解决这个问题的一种方法是把它反过来——为什么欧洲和英国的持枪人数如此之少?
答案显然很复杂，但其中一个非常重要的部分是，欧洲国家在人民没有抵抗手段的时候解除了人民的武装。该理论认为，国家的本质是拥有对暴力的垄断，因此确保除了国家以外没有人拥有武装是实现合法性的核心。
实际上，普通欧洲人从来没有像美国人那样有机会获得武器。