关于印度历史，每个印度人都应该知道些什么?（一）
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
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网友：我们每个人都会读到关于我们的历史方面的书籍，或者我们的祖父母会告诉我们印度历史，第一位统治印度的女统治者是1236年登基的拉齐亚·苏丹娜(Razia Sultana)。这是我们众所周知的印度历史。事实上，在8世纪，有一个名叫宝玛迦罗王朝.......
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What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
关于印度历史，每个印度人都应该知道些什么?
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Every one of us would have read in our history books or would have been told by our grandparents that the first women ruler to rule India was Raziya Sultana who ascended the throne in 1236. This is a well known thing in our Indian history.
Now coming to the fact, there was a dynasty called Bhaumakara dynasty which was ruling over Odisha and part of West Bengal during 8th century. This dynasty was established by Kshemankaradeva and it flourished very well in the 8th century. Even though initial rulers were male, this dynasty had 5 women rulers who ruled for almost more than 50 years.
Their rule was much appreciated that time and were efficient administrators. During their rule foes were exterminated, glory spread abroad and harmony was there among people.
As usual, we won't find all these in our history books but these are the facts which will connect ourselves and will show us capability of our past rulers.
我们每个人都会读到关于我们的历史方面的书籍，或者我们的祖父母会告诉我们印度历史，第一位统治印度的女统治者是1236年登基的拉齐亚·苏丹娜(Razia Sultana)。这是我们众所周知的印度历史。
事实上，在8世纪，有一个名叫宝玛迦罗王朝（Bhaumakara）的王朝统治着奥里萨邦和西孟加拉邦的一部分地区。这个王朝是由 Kshemankaradeva建立的，它在8世纪非常繁荣。尽管最初的统治者是男性，但这个王朝有5位女性统治者，她们统治了将近50多年。
他们的统治在当时很受欢迎，是高效的管理者。在他们的统治期间，敌人被消灭，荣耀传遍海内外，人与人之间和谐相处。
像往常一样，我们在历史书中找不到所有这些，但这些事实将把我们联系起来，并向我们展示我们过去统治者的能力。
Today, Sri Lanka is almost bankrupt; however, did you know that India was once in a worse state than Sri Lanka is now?
India had a closed economy in the 1990s. The government owned the majority of the companies in India, and foreign direct investment was restricted. Policies of previous congress government was weakening indian economy day by day.
Oil prices were at an all-time high in August 1990 as a result of the Gulf War.
Non-resident Indians were unable to send money to their loved ones in India.
As a result, India's forex reserves were reduced to 600 million dollars.
Indian reserves were only enough to keep the country running for a few weeks.
Then came Manmohan Singh, India's finance minister at the time who took some unpopular but critical decision.
He immediately obtained a 2.2 billion dollar loan from the IMF and sold 600 million dollars of India's gold to international banks. To make Indian exports more competitive he dued Indian rupee by 20%. He also took some long term step. He brought new Industrial Policy and opened Indian market for foreign investors.
He Ended his Parliament Speech for the budget session with the statement :
“No power can now stop the growth of India”.
The rise of India began.
The foundations for an economic powerhouse was already laid.
By 2009, India had been able to repurchase the gold it had sold in 1990, as well as absorb the shocks of US sanctions against India in 1998, the Kargil war in 1999, and the 2009 global economic crisis.
In the decades that followed India was one of the fastest growing economy in the world giving tough competition to china.
今天，斯里兰卡几乎破产;然而，你知道印度曾经的处境比现在的斯里兰卡更糟糕吗?
上世纪90年代，印度的经济是封闭的。政府拥有印度的大多数公司，外国直接投资受到限制。前国大党政府的政策日益削弱印度经济。
1990年8月，由于海湾战争，石油价格创下历史新高。
未获得当地永久居民身份的印度人无法向他们在印度的亲人汇款。
结果，印度的外汇储备减少到6亿美元。
印度的储备只够维持这个国家几个星期的运转。
然后是当时的印度财政部长曼莫汉·辛格，他做出了一些不受欢迎但关键的决定。
他立即从国际货币基金组织获得了22亿美元的贷款，并向国际银行出售了6亿美元的印度黄金。为了提高印度出口竞争力，他将印度卢比贬值了20%。他还采取了一些长期措施。他提出了新的产业政策，并为外国投资者打开了印度市场。
他以这句话结束了预算会议的国会演讲：
“现在没有任何力量能够阻止印度的发展”。
印度开始崛起了。
经济强国的基础已经奠定。
到2009年，印度已经能够回购1990年出售的黄金，并承受1998年美国对印度制裁、1999年卡吉尔战争和2009年全球经济危机的冲击。
在随后的几十年里，印度是世界上增长最快的经济体之一，给中国带来了激烈的竞争。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Lord Hanuman Vs Akbar ‘The so called great'.
I will define the whole incident with proofs too!
This story is not just mythology but there are proofs that it really happened.
哈努曼勋爵Vs阿克巴“所谓的伟人”。
我也会用证据来解释整个事件!
这个故事不仅是神话，而且有证据表明它确实发生过。
During that time Fatehpur Sikri was the capital of Akbar's empire.Akbar had a great hatred for Tulsidasa as his stories of meeting Rama and Hanuman became very famous.And he didn't wanted Hinduism to flourish atleast during his rule.Tulsidasa in the prison asked the guard outside the bars to leave him as he had done nothing wrong.The guard just rudely told him to sit quite.During that time Tulsidasa the great devotee of Lord Hanuman started chanting his name and went in Hanuman's devotion and wrote Hanuman Chalisa in 40 days in prison.After chanting the Hanuman Chalisa many monkeys attacked the fort of Fatehpur Sikri,everyone was shocked after seeing such a sudden attack of monkeys.Monkeys destroyed huge property and they became like an obstacle in the daily functioning of city.
Atlast,it became very hard to manage the city of Fatehpur Sikri till the time when Emperor Akbar has to shift his favorite capital from Fatehpur Sikri to Lahore.And after such miracle it was obvious that this incident went like fire in everybody's ears which resulted finally in bail of Tulsidasa.Most of the people know Hanuman chalisa but didn't knew what was the story behind it.Tulsidas set an example that none should break the peace of saints,whether it is of any religion.After that many monkeys left that town and many were killed but still there are many monkeys left.
根据一些消息来源，阿克巴尊重所有宗教，这是完全错误的。最大的证据是，他逮捕了《Ramcharitramanas》和最著名的《Hanuman Chalisa》的作者“Tulsidasa”。故事是从Tulsidaa的被捕开始的。阿克巴得Tulsidasa的故事在他的整个帝国里像火一样蔓延。他很生气，因为他是印度教徒。于是他命令士兵逮捕他。
在此期间，法特赫布尔·西克里是阿克巴的帝国的首都。阿克巴对Tulsidaa怀有极大的仇恨，因为他与拉玛和哈努曼相遇的故事变得非常著名。他不希望印度教至少在他统治期间兴盛起来。监狱里的Tulsidasa要求监狱外的看守放他出去，因为他没有做错任何事。警卫只是粗鲁地叫他安静地坐着。在那段时间里，哈奴曼勋爵的伟大奉献者Tulsidasa开始高呼他的名字，并以哈奴曼的虔诚之情在狱中40天内写下了《Hanuman Chalisa》这首诗。在念完《Hanuman Chalisa》这首诗之后，许多猴子袭击了法特赫布尔·西克里，看到猴子如此突然的发动袭击，所有人都感到震惊，猴子毁坏了大量的财产，成为城市日常运作的障碍。
最后，管理法特赫布尔·西克里变得非常困难，直到阿克巴皇帝不得不将他最喜欢的首都从法特赫布尔·西克里转移到拉合尔。在发生了这样的奇迹之后，很明显，这件事传到每个人的耳朵里后引起了轰动，最终保释了Tulsidasa。大多数人都知道《Hanuman Chalisa》，但不知道背后的故事。Tulsidasa树立了一个榜样——没有人能破坏圣徒的安宁，无论是任何宗教的和平都如此。在那之后，许多猴子离开了那个小镇，许多猴子被杀死，但仍然有许多猴子留下来。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In Indian history, Marathas are always glorified. While they were great warriors and there is no doubt regarding that, when it comes to writing about the Marathas, historians have always chosen to portray the good side of them. There also lies a barbaric side to them that only few people are aware of. This often gets omitted from Indian history and unless you are a local or research extensively about the Maratha Empire, you will never get to hear about it.
Last Monday, I went to this place called Garh Panchkot in West Bengal. While coming back to Kolkata from Chota Nagpur Plateau, this place lies on the way and hence, I thought of making a halt and seeing the place. History has it that this place used to be the fort of the Panchet kingdom but was attacked by the Marathas (locally called Borgis) in the early 18th century. Around 1741, a Maratha cavalry was sent by Raghoji Bhosale to attack Bengal.
They attacked this fort and looted the countryside. The Marathas continued to loot the countryside for 10 years, damaged the fort, the temples and destroyed the houses of villagers. In 1751, the Nawab of Bengal reached an agreement and signed a peace treaty with the Marathas and then the attacks stopped. Garh Panchakot is one of the remaining witnesses of the barbaric side of the Maratha Empire that many Indians are unaware of. If you visit Garh Panchakot today, there is a temple called the Pancharatna Temple, which is the only standing structure.
The ruins of the fort, other temples, walls etc lie scattered here and there. It is also said that when the Nawab of Bengal was defeated by the Marathas, the 17 wives of the Nawab committed suicide by jumping into a well inside this fort.
There is also a local folklore that originated here and has become a common lullaby in the rest of West Bengal. The song states that night has fallen and the Borgis will be coming to collect the taxes. However, the villagers are so poor that they cannot pay any tax.
在印度历史上，马拉塔人总是受到赞美。当他们是伟大的战士时，这一点毋庸置疑，但在写马拉塔人时，历史学家总是选择描绘他们善良的一面。他们也有野蛮的一面，只有很少的人知道。这在印度历史上经常被忽略，除非你是当地人或对马拉塔帝国进行广泛研究，否则你永远不会听说这些。
上周一，我去了西孟加拉邦一个叫Garh Panchkot的地方。Garh Panchkot这个地方就在从Chota Nagpur高原返回加尔各答的路上，因此，我想停下来看看这个地方。历史表明，这个地方曾经是潘切特王国的堡垒，但在18世纪初遭到了马拉塔人（当地称为博吉斯人）的袭击。1741年左右，Raghoji Bhosale派遣了一支马拉塔人骑兵进攻孟加拉。
他们袭击了这座堡垒，洗劫了乡村。10年来，马拉塔人持续掠夺农村，破坏堡垒、寺庙，摧毁村民的房屋。1751年，孟加拉的纳瓦布与马拉塔人达成协议并签署和平条约，随后袭击停止。Garh Panchakot这个地方是马拉塔帝国野蛮一面的残余见证者之一，许多印度人对此一无所知。如果你今天参观Garh Panchakot，有一座寺庙叫Pancharatna寺庙，这是唯一的屹立的建筑。
堡的废墟、其他庙宇、城墙等散落在各处。据说，当孟加拉的纳瓦布被马拉塔人击败时，纳瓦布的17位妻子跳进了这座堡垒内的一口井自杀了。
还有一种起源于这里的当地民间传说，并已成为西孟加拉邦其他地区常见的摇篮曲。歌曲中说，夜幕降临，博尔吉人将前来收税。然而，村民们太穷了，连税都交不起。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Every Indian Must know these 10 facts about us, the people from North-East India:
There are eight states in North-East India-
1) Arunachal Pradesh
2) Assam
3) Manipur
4) Meghalaya
5) Mizoram
6) Nagaland
7) Tripura
8) Sikkim
每个印度人都必须知道关于我们印度东北部人的这10个事实:
印度东北部有八个邦
1、阿...邦
2、阿萨姆邦
3、曼尼普尔邦
4、梅加拉亚邦
5、米佐拉姆邦
6、那加兰邦
7、特里普拉邦
8、锡金
We in NE are mostly nature loving people. That doesn't make us backward.
Nature for us is very very precious and we don't want to cause harm to it.
Apart from these, we are also very much into fashion. NE Indians are usually among the first ones to take up a new fashion. And that's one reason why you find many NE Indians associated with beauty parlors.
我们不落后
我们东北邦人大多是热爱自然的人，这不会让我们落后。
大自然对我们来说是非常非常珍贵的，我们不想对它造成伤害。
除了这些，我们也很喜欢时尚。东北邦的印度人通常是第一批接受新时尚的人。这就是为什么你会发现许多东北印度人与美容院联系在一起的原因之一。
Compared to South India, a greater percentage of NE population knows Hindi. For those who are lucky to get education, Hindi is taught as a compulsory subject in North-East till the 8th standard.
I can assure you that even in rural areas, you can communicate with the locals in Hindi.
别以为我们不懂印地语
与南印度相比，东北邦人口中懂印地语的比例更高。对于那些有幸接受教育的人来说，印地语是东北地区的必修课，直到八年级。
我可以向你保证，即使在农村地区，你也可以用印地语与当地人交流。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
We don't speak weird Hindi. It's just that the accent for some of us is a little different. And that has a lot to do with mother tongue. If a different accent is weird then weird is also the Hindi spoken with a Bihari or a South Indian or a Bengali accent. Don't confuse different with weird.
我们不会说奇怪的印地语
我们不会说奇怪的印地语。只是我们有些人的口音有点不同。这和母语有很大关系。如果不同的口音是奇怪的，那么用比哈里或南印度或孟加拉口音说的印地语也是奇怪的。不要混淆“不同”和“怪异”这两个概念。
We all live in a world risked by lifestyle diseases where food habits too count. Like the rest of homo sapiens , Northeasterners too have ears which mean they are aware of the diseases like diabetes, cholesterol, stomach cancer, blood pressure and the list goes on. Vegetables are cheaper than meat, consumption of meat on a daily scale is proving to be a luxury. First, not all Northeasterners are non-vegetarians, second, go green concept is branching out even here. As for the dog-meat eating part, I heard that there is a belief (it might be traditional knowledge at the display) that dog’s meat prevents malaria and also acts as an anti-aging agent. Well, I don’t know how far it is valid, as I have never consumed dog meat, neither my sister nor my brothers nor my friends. Guess you got that.
我们不是坚定的非素食主义者，我们不吃狗肉：
我们都生活在一个有生活方式疾病风险的世界，饮食习惯也很重要。和其他智人一样，东北人也有耳朵，这意味着他们知道糖尿病、胆固醇、胃癌、血压等疾病。蔬菜比肉类便宜，每天食用肉类被证明是一种奢侈。首先，并不是所有的东北人都是非素食主义者，其次，绿色环保的概念甚至在这里也有所扩展。至于吃狗肉的部分，我听说有一种观点（可能是展览上的传统知识）认为狗肉可以预防疟疾，还可以起到抗衰老的作用。嗯，我不知道它是多有效，因为我从来没有吃过狗肉，我的姐姐、兄弟和朋友都没有吃过。我想你明白了吧。
This shows how much we love India.
7) We live in houses and not in tree houses.
我们为自己是印度人而自豪。
这表明我们有多爱印度。
我们住在房子里，而不是生活在树屋里。
In fact, Assam Rifles has been one of the best forces serving our country for a long time.
人们没有意识到我们在每个行业——无论是软件、音乐还是国防——都做得很好。
事实上，阿萨姆步枪长期以来一直是为我们国家服务的最好的装备队之一。
What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history?
Every Indian needs to know about Indian history because it helps them develop a sense of identity, pride in their cultural heritage, and nationhood. Every Indian ought to be aware of the following important aspects of Indian history:
1. The Ancient World: The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world's earliest, flourished around 2500 BCE in India. It had cities that were well-planned, sophisticated trade networks, and a distinctive scxt that has not yet been fully deciphered.
2. The Vedic Era: The Vedic time frx, generally from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE, saw the piece of the Rigveda, quite possibly of the most established strict text. It established the groundwork for Hinduism and presented philosophical thoughts, ceremonies, and social designs.
3. Empire of Maurya: The Maurya Domain, subject to Sovereign Ashoka (268-232 BCE), was perhaps of the most critical and extensive in old Indium. Ashoka was a Buddhist who promoted Buddhism's non-violence, religious tolerance, and welfare policies.
4. Gupta Domain: The Gupta Empire, which lasted from 320 to 550 CE, is often referred to as India's "Golden Age." It saw developments in literature, the arts, science, and mathematics. During this time, the decimal system, zero, and the writings of scholars like Aryabhata and Kalidasa emerged.
关于印度历史，每个印度人都应该知道哪些事情？
每个印度人都需要了解印度历史，因为这有助于他们培养一种认同感，对自己的文化遗产和国家认同感感到自豪。每个印度人都应该意识到印度历史的以下重要方面:
1.古代世界：印度河流域文明是世界上最早的文明之一，大约在公元前2500年在印度蓬勃发展。它有精心规划的城市，复杂的贸易网络，以及一种尚未被完全破译的独特文字。
2.吠陀时代：吠陀的时间框架，通常从公元前1500年到公元前500年，看到了《梨俱吠陀》的片段，《梨俱吠陀》很可能是最被认可的严格文本。它为印度教奠定了基础，并提出了哲学思想、仪式和社会设计。
3.孔雀王朝：孔雀王朝地区隶属于阿育王（公元前268年至前232年），可能是古印度最关键、最广泛的地区之一。阿育王是一位佛教徒，他提倡佛教的非暴力、宗教宽容和福利政策。
4.古普塔王朝：古普塔帝国从公元320年持续到550年，通常被称为印度的“黄金时代”。它见证了文学、艺术、科学和数学的发展。在这段时间里，出现了十进制，零，以及像阿耶波多和迦梨陀娑这样的学者的著作。
6. Conflict Between British Rule and Independence: In the 17th century, the British East India Company established British colonial rule in India that lasted until India's independence in 1947. In India's struggle for independence, the independence movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose was crucial.
7. Autonomy: India and Pakistan became distinct nations following the partition of India in 1947. Millions of people were displaced and there was a lot of communal violence as a result. During this time, Mahatma Gandhi and his non-violent philosophy played a significant role.
8. India after Independence: India established a democratic government and began a process of nation-building and economic growth shortly after independence. Modern India has been shaped by important events like the Green Revolution, economic reforms in the 1990s, and technological advancements.
Although these points provide a broad overview of Indian history, there are numerous other significant events, dynasties, and cultural aspects that contribute to the country's rich and varied past. Investigating further into explicit periods and locales can offer a more thorough comprehension of Indian history.
5.莫卧儿帝国：从1526年到1857年，一个被称为莫卧儿帝国的穆斯林王朝统治了印度次大陆的大部分地区。在阿克巴尔、贾汉吉尔和沙贾汗等统治者的统治下，它取得了非凡的文化成就，包括泰姬陵这样的建筑奇迹。
6.英国统治与独立之间的冲突：17世纪，英国东印度公司在印度建立了英国殖民统治，一直持续到1947年印度独立。在印度争取独立的斗争中，由圣雄甘地、贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁和苏巴斯·钱德拉·博斯领导的独立运动起到了至关重要的作用。
7.自治：1947年印度分治后，印度和巴基斯坦成为不同的国家。无数人流离失所，因此许多社区发生了暴力事件。在此期间，圣雄甘地及其非暴力哲学发挥了重要作用。
8.独立后的印度：独立后不久，印度建立了民主政府，开始了国家建设和经济增长的进程。绿色革命、20世纪90年代的经济改革和技术进步等重要事件塑造了现代印度。
尽管这些观点概括了印度历史，但还有许多其他重要事件，王朝和文化方面对这个国家丰富多样的过去做出了贡献。进一步调查明确的时期和地点可以更全面地了解印度历史。