Global sea surface temperatures reached a record high in May, June, and July – and the warming El Niño weather pattern is only just getting started – experts at the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said on Monday.

联合国世界气象组织（WMO）的专家周一表示，全球海面温度在5月，6月和7月达到历史新高 - 而厄尔尼诺现象和变暖的天气模式才刚刚开始。

Alarm bells have been rung at the UN agency in particular because of an “unprecedented peak” in sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic.

联合国机构已经敲响了警钟，特别是因为北大西洋海面温度出现了“前所未有的峰值”。

“The first week of July…could be considered as the warmest period or the warmest week ever recorded”, with a global average temperature close to 17.24 degrees Celsius on 7 July, said Omar Baddour, Chief of Climate Monitoring at WMO.

“七月的第一周。。。可以被认为是有史以来最温暖的时期或最温暖的一周”，7月7日全球平均气温接近17.24摄氏度，WMO气候监测主任Omar Baddour说。

Unprecedented is new normal
The WMO expert added that daily June temperatures in the North Atlantic had been “dramatically high” compared to usual readings, while Antarctic sea ice levels reached their lowest extent for June since satellite observations began.

史无前例是新常态
这位WMO专家补充说，与通常读数相比，北大西洋6月的每日气温“非常高”，而南极海冰的高度达到了自开始卫星观测以来的6月的最低水平。

At a shocking 17 per cent below average, this year’s readings broke the June 2022 record by a substantial margin and represented “a really dramatic drop in the sea ice extent in the Antarctica” – some 2.6 million square kilometers of lost sea ice.

今年的读数比平均水平低了惊人的17%，大大打破了2022年6月的记录，并代表了“南极洲海冰面积的急剧下降”——约260万平方公里的海冰损失。

Michael Sparrow, Chief of WMO’s World Climate Research Programme, highlighted that “it really is completely unprecedented" seeing this kind of reduction in sea ice around the Antarctic.

WMO世界气候研究计划主任迈克尔·斯派洛（Michael Sparrow）强调，看到南极周围海冰的这种减少“真的是完全前所未有的”。

“The Antarctic region is normally thought of being relatively stable; it is much colder than the Arctic. We’re used to seeing these big reductions in the sea ice in the Arctic, but not in the Antarctic.”

“南极地区通常被认为是相对稳定的;它比北极冷得多。我们习惯于看到北极海冰的大幅减少，但在南极却没有。

A marine heatwave
Beyond Antarctica, the UN agency warned that the “marine heatwave” would also impact fisheries distribution and ocean ecosystems, with knock-on effects on the climate.

海洋热浪
在南极洲之外，联合国机构警告说，“海洋热浪”还将影响渔业分布和海洋生态系统，对气候产生连锁反应。

It is not only the surface temperature of the water, but the whole ocean is becoming warmer and absorbing energy that will remain there for hundreds of years, explained WMO.

WMO解释说，不仅是水的表面温度，而且整个海洋正在变暖并吸收能量，这些能量将在那里保持数百年。

“When you have a tropical cyclone, everything is affected in the shores, including fisheries, but also including inland,” said Mr. Baddour. “With heavy precipitation that could lead to casualties, displacement of populations, and so on. So, if we say that it is a dramatic change, that also means a dramatic likelihood of extreme weather and climate events.”

“当遇到热带气旋时，海岸上的一切都会受到影响，包括渔业，也包括内陆，”巴杜尔先生说。“强降水可能导致人员伤亡、人口流离失所等。因此，如果我们说这是一个戏剧性的变化，这也意味着极端天气和气候事件的巨大可能性。

El Niño effect
Just last week, WMO announced the onset of El Niño, characterized by a warming of the Pacific Ocean. Combined with the human-induced greenhouse gas effect, the weather pattern is expected to make one of the next five years the warmest on record.

厄尔尼诺效应
就在上周，WMO宣布厄尔尼诺现象的开始，其特点是太平洋变暖。结合人为引起的温室气体效应，预计未来五年的某年将成为有记录以来最温暖的一年。

The WMO officials told journalists in Geneva that “we are in uncharted territory, and we can expect more records to fall as El Niño develops further”, with impacts extending into 2024.

WMO官员在日内瓦告诉记者，“我们处于未知领域，随着厄尔尼诺现象的进一步发展，我们可以预期会有更多的记录产生”，影响将持续到2024年。

“During an El Niño year, you get higher temperatures in the atmosphere as well because heat is moving from the oceans to the atmosphere,” said Mr. Sparrow.

“在厄尔尼诺年，大气中的温度也会更高，因为热量正在从海洋转移到大气中，”斯帕罗先生说。

“We are actually at the beginning of that process, so El Niño hasn’t had as much of an effect as it is going to later in the year. So, we’re seeing these high temperatures in the North Atlantic…despite the fact that El Niño hasn’t really got going yet.”

“我们实际上正处于这个过程的开始，所以厄尔尼诺现象并没有像今年晚些时候那样产生那么大的影响。所以，我们在北大西洋看到了这些高温。。。。。。尽管厄尔尼诺现象还没有真正开始。

According to the WMO’s Mr. Baddour, the warmest year is expected to be post-2023, when El Niño is expected to pick up. A record year in 2024 is likely, if the strength of El Niño continues to develop in line with forecasts.

根据WMO的Baddour先生的说法，最热的一年预计将是在2023年之后，届时厄尔尼诺现象有望回升。如果厄尔尼诺现象的强度继续按照预测发展，那么2024年可能会创纪录。


UN agencies head up new $115 million push for cleaner, healthier oceans

联合国机构投入新的1.15亿美元推动更清洁，更健康的海洋

The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and four partner agencies have been tasked with leading a new push to help countries curb the land-based pollution of coastal areas and shorelines.

联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）和四个伙伴机构的任务是领导一个新的项目，帮助各国遏制沿海地区和海岸线的陆源污染。

FAO will co-lead the Clean and Healthy Oceans initiative together with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF), in a strategic partnership with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UN educational, science and cultural agency UNESCO.

粮农组织将与亚洲开发银行（亚行）、欧洲复兴开发银行（EBRD）和拉丁美洲开发银行（CAF）共同领导清洁和健康海洋倡议，并与联合国教育、科学及文化机构教科文组织政府间海洋学委员会建立战略伙伴关系。
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“Together, we can turn the tide on pollution for better production, better nutrition, a better environment, and a better life,” said FAO Director-General, QU Dongyu.

“我们可以共同扭转污染趋势，提高产量、营养、环境和生活，”粮农组织总干事屈冬玉说。

The source-to-sea initiative will direct up to $115 million in grants to clean up coastal areas and was signed off at the 64th Council Meeting of the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

“从源头到海洋”倡议将提供高达1.15亿美元的赠款，用于清理沿海地区，并在全球环境基金（GEF）第64届理事会会议上签署。

Solutions for ‘dead zones’
Oceans have lost nearly two per cent of their oxygen since the 1950s, resulting in “dead zones,” which don’t have enough oxygen to sustain living tissue. Pollution from land-based sources, including the overuse of fertilizer, organic waste from livestock, and untreated wastewater, typically drive hypoxia worldwide.

“死区”解决方案
自1950年代以来，海洋已经失去了近2%的氧气，导致“死区”，没有足够的氧气来维持活的组织。来自陆地的污染，包括过度使用化肥、牲畜有机废物和未经处理的废水，通常会在全球范围内的海洋造成缺氧。

“Oceans face serious sustainability problems, mostly caused, and accelerated by climate change, such as increasingly acidic and warmer waters, rising sea levels and overexploitation of marine stocks”, said Executive President of CAF, Sergio Díaz-Granados.

CAF执行主席塞尔吉奥·迪亚斯-格拉纳多斯说：“海洋面临着严重的可持续性问题，主要是由气候变化引起并加速的，例如海水越来越酸和变暖，海平面上升和海洋种群的过度开发。

“This financing reaffirms the multilateral commitment to lead the fight against climate change and promote the development of the blue economy,"

“这笔融资重申了领导应对气候变化和促进蓝色经济发展的多边承诺，”

Through long-term hypoxia, coral reefs may experience mass mortality, while valuable coastal fish species migrate to higher oxygen areas, and marine reproduction rates plummet.

由于长期缺氧，珊瑚礁可能会经历大规模死亡，而有价值的沿海鱼类物种迁移到更高的氧气区域，海洋繁殖率直线下降。

Protecting human and ocean health
The Clean and Healthy Oceans strategy aims to curb land-based pollution of our oceans through policy and regulatory innovation, infrastructure investments, and nature-based solutions.

保护人类和海洋健康
清洁和健康海洋战略旨在通过政策和监管创新、基础设施投资和基于自然的解决方案来遏制海洋的陆地污染。

The programme will also map land-based sources of ocean pollution to better understand hypoxia effects and apply ocean science to develop solutions that improve both human and ocean health.

该计划还将绘制海洋污染的陆地来源图，以更好地了解缺氧效应，并应用海洋科学开发改善人类和海洋健康的解决方案。

“This partnership leverages the strengths and expertise of each organization, ensuring a comprehensive approach to safeguarding marine ecosystems. Working together, in the spirit of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, we will make a step towards the ocean we need for the future we want," added IOC-UNESCO Executive Secretary, Vladimir Ryabinin.

“这种伙伴关系利用了每个组织的优势和专业知识，确保采取全面的方法来保护海洋生态系统。本着联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年的精神，我们将共同努力，朝着我们想要的未来所需的海洋迈出一步”，海委会-联合国教科文组织执行秘书弗拉基米尔·里亚比宁补充道。


Global shipping poised to get new emissions-fighting strategy

全球航运业准备制定新的减排战略

A new strategy is expected to set global shipping on an ambitious path towards phasing out greenhouse gas emissions, top UN officials said at the opening of the latest session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in London on Monday.

一项新战略预计将使全球航运走上逐步淘汰温室气体排放的雄心勃勃的道路，联合国高级官员周一在伦敦举行的海洋环境保护委员会（MEPC）最新会议开幕式上表示。

“Humanity is in dangerous waters on climate,” UN Secretary-General António Guterres said in a video message at the start of MPEC’s latest session.

“人类在气候问题上处于危险的水域，”联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在MPEC最新会议开始时的视频中说。

“Science tells us it is still possible to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C, but it requires an immense and immediate global effort, and shipping, which accounts for almost three per cent of global emissions, will be vital.”

“科学告诉我们，仍有可能将全球气温上升限制在1.5°C之内，但这需要全球立即做出巨大努力，而占全球排放量近3%的航运将至关重要。”

The decisions “you take over the coming days could help us chart a safer course”, he said, urging Committee members to agree on a strategy forward.

他说，“你在未来几天内做出的决定可以帮助我们制定更安全的路线”，并敦促委员会成员就前进的战略达成一致。

Legacy in the making
Tasked with addressing environmental issues under the remit of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the Committee tackles such issues as the control and prevention of ship-source pollution covered by the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), including oil, chemicals carried in bulk, sewage, garbage, and such emissions from ships as air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions.

酝酿中的遗产
该委员会的任务是解决国际海事组织（IMO）职权范围内的环境问题，处理诸如控制和预防《防止船舶造成污染公约》（MARPOL）所涵盖的船源污染等问题，包括石油，散装运输的化学品，污水，垃圾以及空气污染物和温室气体排放等船舶排放物。
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Gathering from 3 to 7 July to review ongoing efforts, the Committee is expected to adopt a greenhouse gas emissions strategy in response to climate change and threats to biodiversity, following meetings with IMO.

委员会将于7月3日至7日举行会议，审查正在努力进行，预计将在与海事组织举行会议后，通过一项温室气体排放战略，以应对气候变化和对生物多样性的威胁。
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“This is a historic moment in which all of you have a role to play,” IMO Secretary-General Kitack Lim said, encouraging States to help roll out the new strategy by forging ambitious targets that will put shipping on a “clear trajectory” to phase out greenhouse gas emissions.

“这是一个历史性的时刻，你们所有人都可以发挥作用，”国际海事组织秘书长Kitack Lim说，鼓励各国通过制定雄心勃勃的目标来帮助推出新战略，这些目标将使航运走上逐步淘汰温室气体排放的“明确轨道”。
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“The 2023 strategy will be your legacy, for which your children and grandchildren will be grateful,” he said. “The time for IMO to demonstrate its global leadership is now.”

“2023年的战略将是你的遗产，你的子孙后代将感激不尽，”他说。“现在是国际海事组织展示其全球领导地位的时候了。”
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The revised strategy is expected to set out the way forward for possible technical and economic measures to be further developed by IMO.

预计经修订的战略将为海事组织进一步制定可能的技术和经济措施指明前进方向。

Biodiversity and maritime future
Underlining the importance of concrete legal measures to project biodiversity, he recalled that nearly two decades of discussion had led to the landmark Convention on Biodiversity (CBD), adopted at the UN headquarters on 19 June 2023.

生物多样性和海洋的未来
他强调了具体法律措施对生物多样性项目的重要性，并回顾说，近二十年的讨论促成了具有里程碑意义的《生物多样性公约》（CBD），该公约于2023年6月19日在联合国总部获得通过。

Together, with the Kunming-Montreal Global frxwork for Biodiversity, adopted last December and ongoing negotiations for a new legally binding instrument to tackle plastic pollution, he said “there is no doubt that your Committee's efforts to ensure a greener, more equitable and more sustainable maritime future is of greater importance than ever before”.

结合去年12月通过的《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》以及正在进行的关于解决塑料污染的具有法律约束力的新文书的谈判，他说：“毫无疑问，你们委员会为确保更绿色、更公平和更可持续的海洋未来所做的努力比以往任何时候都更加重要”。

Maritime Environment Protection Committee
MPEC’s 80th session will address a range of challenges, including:

海洋环境保护委员会
MPEC第80届会议将讨论一系列挑战，包括：

Tackling climate change: Cutting greenhouse gas emissions from ships, including adoption of the revised global strategy

应对气候变化：减少船舶温室气体排放，包括通过经修订的全球战略

Energy efficiency of ships

船舶能效

Ballast water management

压载水管理

Biofouling management, including adopting revised guidelines

生物污染管理，包括采用修订后的准则

Designations of sensitive sea areas

指定敏感海区

Underwater noise, including revised guidelines

水下噪音，包括修订后的准则
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Tackling marine litter

处理海洋垃圾

Ship-to-ship transfers, including a proposed resolution

船对船转运，包括决议提议