中国古代的发明是如何影响世界的?
How did ancient Chinese inventions influence the world?
译文简介
网友：我们应该感谢中国。古代中国发明非常惊人。如果你认为我们的世界运行在现在“中国制造”的产品上，那么等你看到中国古代有多么具有创新性之后，你就会知道我们的世界将不再是同样的世界了......
正文翻译
How did ancient Chinese inventions influence the world?
中国古代的发明是如何影响世界的?
中国古代的发明是如何影响世界的?
评论翻译
很赞 ( 5 )
收藏
We have much to thank China for. Ancient Chinese inventions are amazing. And our world wouldn’t be the same without them. If you think our world runs on products that are now “Made in China,” wait until you see just how innovative the Chinese were in ancient times. For example:
1.Paper. Around 105 AD a eunuch in the Han court created paper by mixing hemp, tree bark, old fishing net, old linen together and breaking it down with lye. It’s come a long way but where would we be without paper?!
2.The Suspension Bridge. By 90 AD, they had moved away from rope bridges and designed more intricate architecture that led to the modern suspension bridge.
3.Gun Powder! Around the year 1000 AD, while trying to find the elixir for eternal life, gun powder was accidentally discovered instead.
4.Fireworks! Gunpowder was used by the Chinese to make fireworks, as well as other military grade weapons. (Thanks 華.Teddy for your added information.)
我们应该感谢中国。古代中国发明非常惊人。如果你认为我们的世界运行在现在“中国制造”的产品上，那么等你看到中国古代有多么具有创新性之后，你就会知道我们的世界将不再是同样的世界了。例如：
1.纸张。公元105年，汉朝宫廷内的一个太监将大麻、树皮、旧渔网和旧亚麻混合在一起，并用烧碱分解，制造了纸张。尽管现如今已经发展了很长一段时间，但如果没有纸张，我们将会在哪里呢？！
2.吊桥。公元90年，他们已经摆脱了绳桥并设计出更加复杂的建筑结构，这导致了现代的吊桥。
3.火药！在公元1000年左右，人们想要寻找长生不老的灵药时，意外地发现了火药。
4.烟花！中国人使用火药制造烟花，以及其他军用武器。（感谢華.Teddy提供的额外信息。）
5.丝绸。在公元前4000到3000年间，丝绸变得越来越流行。他们保守了制造丝绸的秘密数个世纪。它如此受欢迎，以至于为之交易成为丝绸之路的基础。
7.The compass. The precursor to our GPS, and still widely used today is the compass and it was created/discovered during the Han Dynasty.
8.Printing. Moveable type and the ability to print was discovered.
9.Porcelain. It was discovered in China in the Tang Dynasty and was used to sell and trade on the Silk Road.
10Umbrella. Next time it rains and you pull out your umbrella you can be thankful to China. In 21 AD the first collapsible umbrella was made.
11.Toilet paper. That’s right, this alone means we owe an unplayable debt to China. It was invented in 6th century China.
12Clock. The first mechanical clock was made by a Buddhist monk in 725 AD. It used dripping water to make a resolution of 24 hours.
13.Toothbrush. Thank China for your sparkling smile. The toothbrush was invented in 1498 AD by making bristles from horse hair attached to bone or bamboo handles.
6.算盘。这些早期计算器可能起源于苏美尔或中国。今天它们仍在使用中（我使用它来教学我的女儿数学）。
7.指南针。我们GPS的前身，至今仍广泛应用的是指南针，是在汉代发明/发现的。
8.印刷。可移动印刷和印刷能力被发现。
9.瓷器。唐朝时期在中国发现了瓷器，并被用于丝绸之路贸易。
10.雨伞。下次下雨时你拿出雨伞，你可以感谢中国。公元21年，第一折叠伞制造了。
11.厕纸。没错，仅凭这一点，我们就欠中国无以复加的债。它在6世纪中国被发明。
12.钟表。第一台机械钟表于公元725年由一位佛教僧侣制造。它利用滴水来精确测量24小时。
13.牙刷。感谢中国让你笑容灿烂。牙刷是在公元1498年发明的，通过将马毛制成刷毛，并附加到骨头或竹子手柄上
華.Teddy
1.Fireworks were signs of death in China at first because it was used by militaries along with flares as signalling devices. Only later was it used during festivals.
2.We definitely created very lethal gunpowder weapon systems. In fact, most of them would be “adopted” by the rest of the world.
3.We invented at least 60% of all the weapon systems that are still currently in use. From things like guns, artillery, grenades, bombs, land & naval mines, to rockets, rocket launchers, multi-stage rockets and many more, including multiple variants of each system, many which are still in use.
So no, the myth that China only had gunpowder as fireworks is just that, a myth, we created much of what is still in use today. In fact, most systems today are multiple improvements and/or combinations of those inventions, though this not in denial that those improvements and combinations are extremely innovative as well and this by no means will take away any value from them.
我需要补充一下有关火药和烟花的部分。
1.最初，烟花在中国被视为死亡的象征，因为它是军队使用的信号装置之一，连同信号弹一起使用。直到后来才被用于节日庆典上。
2.我们确实创造了非常致命的火药武器系统。事实上，它们中的大部分都被其他国家“借鉴”了。
3.我们发明了至少60%的仍在使用的武器系统。从枪支、炮兵、手榴弹、炸弹、陆地和海上的地雷，到火箭、火箭发射器、多级火箭等等，包括每个系统的多个变体，其中很多仍在使用。
所以，中国只是将火药用于烟花的说法是错误的。我们创造了许多现今仍在使用的武器系统。实际上，今天的大多数系统都是那些发明的多次改进和/或组合，虽然这并不否认这些改进和组合也极具创新性，这绝对不会削弱它们的任何价值。
Wow! Now that’s amazing! Thank you for sharing. I find pieces of information like this about China extremely interesting! I’ll edit my answer.
哇！太神奇了！谢谢您分享。我发现这样关于中国的资讯非常有趣！我会修改我的答案。
華.Teddy
But thank you for taking the time and effort to spread knowledge of our achievements. Many of the simpler ones do get taken for granted today.
不用担心，中国历史广博而复杂，有时我们自己都会弄错哈哈哈。但是，谢谢您花时间和精力传播我们的成就。很多简单的成就今天确实被视为理所当然。
I absolutely love China’s history and culture. I intend to spend the rest of my life learning what I can. Some of these I knew, but many I didn’t (and many I left out or this would a forever long answer) and I really enjoyed the reading to put this answer together.
我非常喜欢中国的历史和文化。我打算花费余生学习我所能了解的一切。我知道其中一些，但很多我不知道（我还省略了很多，否则这将是一个无限长的答案），我真的很享受整理这个答案的阅读过程。
Eye-opener❗
Please provide lixs for further burrowing on the idea that gunpowder was militarised in ancient China, as well as weapon systems - particularly those which are still in use.
If true, then one of the primary reasons given for western hegemony post-1500 AD, is significantly diluted.
开了眼界！ 请提供有关火药在古代中国被军事化以及武器系统（特别是那些仍在使用的）的进一步挖掘的链接。 如果属实，那么15世纪后西方霸权的一个主要原因就被大大削弱了。
If you are really interested, you should read this book. It describes how China continually experimented with gunpowder weapons, creating a wide variety of weapon types, of which guns were only one. During the Renaissance, the gun then appeared in Europe almost fully developed overnight (in historical terms). This points towards technological transfer from China to Europe.
The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History: Andrade, Tonio: 9780691178141: Amazon.com: Books
如果你真的感兴趣，你应该读这本书。它描述了中国不断地尝试火药武器，并创造了各种各样的武器类型，其中枪只是其中之一。文艺复兴时期，枪几乎在欧洲一夜之间全面发展起来（在历史上看来是如此）。这表明了技术从中国传输到欧洲。《火药时代：中国、军事创新和西方在世界历史中的崛起》
You can also add the rudder, wheelbarrow, drilling rigs, paper currency, playing cards, civil service exams and most important tea. There are more, but I don’t think you have space for them.
你还可以加上舵、手推车、钻机、纸币、扑克牌、科举考试以及最重要的茶。还有更多，但我认为你没有空间写。
An excellent answer, Ms Harrison. My respects.
Permit me to add a few more inventions of ancient China that I can think of offhand.
The iron plow, crop rotation, closed loop agriculture, bulkhead compartmentalization in ships.
非常优秀的回答，哈里森女士。我敬重您。 请允许我再补充一些我能想到的古代中国发明。 铁犁、轮作制度、封闭循环农业、船舱隔离。
the biggest canal build in china helped inspired venice canal technology through marco polo
and noodleess
and shipsssss.
and crossbow
and pagoda :)
中国修建的最大运河启发了威尼斯运河技术的发展，这一点通过马可·波罗得以实现。还有面条、船只、弩和宝塔。 :)
Jake Darmawan
and paper lanternnnnn
and PAPER MONEY, How can we forget about that
and Teaaaaaaa
还有纸灯笼、纸币，我们怎么能忘记它们呢？还有茶。。。
Saddles and stirrups. It first appeared in northern China. It spread to the West, giving rise to the class of cavalry and knights.
马鞍和马镫。它最早出现在中国北方。它传到了西方，催生了骑兵和骑士阶级的产生。
Amazing - an eye-opener❗
Please provide lixs for further burrowing on the idea that gunpowder was militarised in ancient China, as well as weapon systems - particularly those which are still in use.
If true, then one of the primary reasons given for western hegemony post-1500 AD, is significantly diluted.
China's mean IQ is higher than almost all, other than the possible exception of some smallish ones, eg Israel and Singapore. Combined with an humongous total population and extensive access to quality education, it is easy to see why the likes of Martin Jacques are so upbeat about the PRC.☺️
Western hegemony - a 5 centuries-old aberration - is dissolving before our very eyes…
中国的平均智商比几乎所有其他国家都高，除了以色列和新加坡等一些小国可能是例外。加上庞大的总人口和广泛接触高质量教育，很容易看出像马丁·雅克这样的人为什么对中国这么乐观了。☺️ 西方霸权——一个持续了5个世纪的反常现象——正在我们眼前消失...
The Chinese people contributed to the world's technical inventions and scientific knowledge represented by papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass.
Today, I want to talk about papermaking and printing.
中国人民通过纸张制造、印刷、火药和指南针等技术发明和科学知识为世界做出了贡献。 今天，我想谈一谈纸张制造和印刷。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Papermaking and printing have made important contributions to promoting the development of human civilization. The invention of the paper provides mankind with proper material to write on. The invention of printing saves large amounts of writing time and accelerates the production and spreading of knowledge.
纸张制造和印刷对促进人类文明的发展做出了重要贡献。纸张的发明为人类提供了适当的书写材料。印刷术的发明节省了大量的书写时间，加速了知识的生产和传播。
Making paper in the traditional way
用传统方法制作纸张
植物纤维制造的纸张最早出现在中国公元前二世纪。自20世纪30年代以来，西汉时期制造的古老纸张已经在新疆、甘肃和陕西等地多次被发掘。在公元2世纪初，御用器皿尚方令筹和的蔡伦对于将纸张作为书写材料做出了重要贡献。到了4世纪，纸张成为了中国唯一的书写材料。
The wax figure of Cai Lun in Guangdong, south China.
中国南部广东省的蔡伦蜡像
In 1100, papermaking workshops were found in Central Asia, West and North Africa. Paper also became popular in the Arabic world. Then China’s papermaking technology was spread to Europe by the Arabians. The first group of European countries that had paper and papermaking included Spain, France, and Italy. In the second half of the 19th century, papermaking was spread throughout the whole world.
Woodblock printing technology originated in China no later than the end of the seventh century. In the beginning, it was mainly used to print figures of Buddha and Buddhist scxtures. In the middle of the seventh century, Xuan Zang would print, each year, a large number of portraits of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva on paper to give out to Buddhist believers. In the middle and late period of the Tang Dynasty, woodblock printing started to be used to print worldly readings.
公元751年，在唐帝国与中亚塔兹王朝之间的战争中，一群战俘被俘虏到撒马尔罕强制制造纸张，这标志着中国造纸技术传播到西方的开端。 公元1100年，中亚、北非和西亚地区发现了制造纸张的工作室，纸张也在阿拉伯世界广泛使用。随后，阿拉伯人将中国的造纸技术传播到了欧洲。最早拥有纸张和纸张制造技术的欧洲国家包括西班牙、法国和意大利。19世纪下半叶，纸张制造技术传播到了全世界。 木版印刷技术最迟在公元七世纪末期源于中国。一开始，它主要用于印刷佛像和佛经。7世纪中期，玄奘每年会在纸上印刷大量普贤菩萨的画像分发给佛教信徒。唐代中后期，木版印刷开始用于印刷世俗读物。
A student is demonstrating the process of traditional printing for visitors.
一名学生正在向游客展示传统印刷的过程。
Francis Bacon wrote in his Novum Organum: “Printing, gunpowder, and the nautical compass have altered the face and state of the world: firstly, in literary matters; secondly, in warfare, and thirdly in navigation.”
木版印刷技术在北宋早期（960-1127年）已传播和发展到了朝鲜。同样在这个时期，曾前往中国的日本僧侣们将印刷的佛经带回日本，从而促进了日本的木版印刷。在元朝，木版印刷通过阿拉伯世界传播到了欧洲。美国汉学家托马斯·弗朗西斯·卡特说：“在欧洲的木版印刷开始时，中国的影响是决定性的最后一个因素。” 弗朗西斯·培根在他的《新工具论》中写道：“印刷、火药和航海指南仪已经改变了世界的面貌和状态：首先是在文学方面，其次是在战争中，第三是在导航中。”
The ancient Chinese developed many technologies that are still used today. Here are a few examples:
1.Papermaking: The Chinese invented papermaking in the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), and this technology spread throughout the world, revolutionizing the way information was recorded and transmitted.
2.Gunpowder: The Chinese invented gunpowder in the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE), which had a profound impact on warfare and the development of firearms.
3.Printing: The Chinese invented printing using movable type in the Song dynasty (960-1279 CE), which allowed for the mass production of books and other printed materials.
4.Compass: The Chinese invented the compass during the Han dynasty, which revolutionized navigation and exploration.
5.Porcelain: The Chinese invented porcelain in the Tang dynasty, which became a highly prized commodity and is still used today for fine ceramics.
6.Water clock: The Chinese invented the water clock in ancient times, which was used for timekeeping and is considered a precursor to the modern clock.
7.Silk production: The Chinese developed the technology for silk production in ancient times, which became a major industry and luxury item.
古代中国发明了许多至今仍在使用的技术，以下是一些例子：
1）造纸术：中国在汉朝（公元前206年至220年）发明了造纸术，这一技术传播到全世界，彻底改变了信息记录和传递的方式。
2）火药：中国在唐朝（618-907年）发明了火药，对战争和火器的发展产生了深远影响。
3）印刷：中国在宋朝（960-1279年）发明了活字印刷，使书籍和其他印刷材料得以大规模生产。
4）指南针：中国在汉朝发明了指南针，彻底革新了导航和探险方式。
5）瓷器：中国在唐朝发明了瓷器，成为了高价值商品，至今仍广泛用于精美陶瓷制作。
6）水钟：中国在古代时期发明了水钟，被用作计时器，被认为是现代时钟的前身。
7）丝绸生产：中国在古代时期发展了丝绸生产技术，成为了重要的产业和奢侈品。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
9.Acupuncture: The Chinese developed acupuncture in ancient times, which is still used today as a form of alternative medicine.
10.Kites: The Chinese invented kites in ancient times, which were used for entertainment, scientific experiments, and military purposes.
11.Iron and steel production: The Chinese developed advanced techniques for iron and steel production in ancient times, which allowed for the mass production of weapons, tools, and other goods.
12.Suspension bridge: The Chinese invented the suspension bridge in ancient times, which revolutionized transportation and engineering.
13.Decimal system: The Chinese developed the decimal system in ancient times, which is still used today in mathematics and science.
14.Tea cultivation: The Chinese developed tea cultivation in ancient times, which became a major industry and cultural practice throughout the world.
8）地震仪：中国在汉朝发明了地震仪，被用于检测地震，被认为是最早的科学仪器之一。
9）针灸：中国古代时期发展了针灸，现在仍作为一种替代医学形式使用。
10）风筝：中国古代时期发明了风筝，用于娱乐、科学实验和军事目的。
11）铁和钢的生产：中国古代时期开发了先进的铁和钢的生产技术，使武器、工具和其他商品得以大规模生产。
12）吊桥：中国古代时期发明了吊桥，革新了交通运输和工程技术。
13）十进制系统：中国古代时期发明了十进制系统，至今仍在数学和科学中广泛使用。
14）茶栽培：中国古代时期发展了茶栽培技术，成为了世界各地的主要产业和文化习俗。
16.Toothbrush: The Chinese invented the toothbrush in the Tang dynasty, which has been refined and improved over time and is still used today as an essential tool for oral hygiene.
17.Umbrella: The Chinese invented the umbrella in ancient times, which has been adapted and improved over time and is still used today as a common tool for protection from rain and sun.
18.Wheelbarrow: The Chinese invented the wheelbarrow in ancient times, which is still used today as a tool for transporting materials and goods.
19.Abacus: The Chinese invented the abacus in ancient times, which is still used today as a tool for performing calculations.
20.Herbal medicine: The Chinese developed a sophisticated system of herbal medicine in ancient times, which is still used today as a form of alternative medicine.
21.Ink: The Chinese developed a type of ink made from soot and animal glue in ancient times, which is still used today for writing and printing.
These and many other ancient Chinese inventions had a profound impact on the course of human history, and their influence can still be felt today.
15）纸币：中国在唐朝发明了纸币，至今仍作为全球通用的货币形式。
16）牙刷：中国在唐朝发明了牙刷，经过改进和完善后，至今仍作为口腔卫生的必备工具。
17）雨伞：中国在古代时期发明了雨伞，经过改良和完善后，仍被广泛用作防雨和防晒的工具。
18）独轮手推车：中国古代时期发明了独轮手推车，至今仍被用作运输材料和货物的工具。
19）算盘：中国古代时期发明了算盘，至今仍被用作执行计算的工具。
20）中草药医学：中国古代时期开发了复杂的中草药医学系统，至今仍作为一种替代医学形式使用。
21）墨水：中国古代时期开发了一种由煤烟和动物胶制成的墨水，至今仍被用于书写和印刷。
这些以及其他许多中国古代的发明对人类历史的进程产生了深远影响，它们的影响至今仍可感知。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Gunpowder changed our perception regarding volatile reactions. We can quantify it and control it. This led to many other innovations in society, ranging from synthesizing new chemicals to the internal combustion engines, to more possibilities in shaping the environment for human needs and new visual concepts for entertainment.
Prior to that inventions, people did their best to control fire or used incendiary devices, but it wasn’t explosive (volatile) in a controlled manner. There always a fear of that unknown. Gunpowder took away that unknown and opened more possibilities.
That’s how I see things, and I can understand if others don’t.
Later on, I could probably come up with another thoughtful analysis regarding the other inventions though like paper and the compass.
火药改变了我们对于挥发反应的认识。我们可以量化和控制它。这导致了社会中许多其他的创新，包括合成新化学物质、内燃机、为人类需求塑造环境以及娱乐视觉概念的新可能性。
在这些发明出现之前，人们尽力控制着火源或使用燃烧器材，但它不是以一种可控的方式爆炸（挥发）。总是有一种未知的恐惧。火药消除了这种未知，并开创了更多的可能性。
这就是我看待事物的方式，我可以理解其他人不这么想。
稍后，我可能会提出关于其他发明的深入分析，例如纸张和指南针。
I would just like to list a few and readers can give their own judgement.
1 compass
2 silk
3 block printing
4 paper
5 gunpowder
我只想列出几个，读者可以自行判断。
指南针 丝绸 雕版印刷 纸张 火药
The Chinese inventions of guns and gunpowder and cannons that were introduce to the west by the Mongols and Ottoman Turks, brought in a new era into world history and brought Europe out of the darkages. At this time in history Europe was a backward continent. Européans were still killing and Slaughtering eachother with swords and javelins. Dumping their feces out onto the streets, Europeans especially their kings hardly bathe. Chinese inventions really catupulted European and Middle Eastern history. Especially other areas as well. It was with guns and gunpowder and Cannons that give rise to the Européan colonial empires.
Especially enable them to conquer a large part of the world. Do you believe without the Chinese technology and inventions. Would the Spaniards, Anglos, Portuguese and Russian been able to established empire building ? Especially without paper and paper money currency another invention attributed to the East Asian ( Han Chinese) also the early model of flight or the proto type of the Helicopter was invented by the Chinese in around 500 B.C known as the Chinese hélicopter top that pass through the silk road. The helicopter top really influence leonardo da vinci into how to invent or to create aeronatics. Another influence from the Far East would be East & West coming into contact with eachother. Allowing Marco Polo to explore the East in China. Describing the riches of China is what led Européan explorers like Vasco de Gama to find a trade route to Asia “the East indies” which led his voyage to circumnavigate Africa and eventually reaching the Indies. It also influence of Christopher Columbus to find an easier route to the Indies by going West into the Atlantic believing he will reach india. Instead he encounter the existence of whole new continent and its indigenous Amerindian inhabitants. Which led to the tragic colonization of the Americas and New Zealand and Australia and the establishment of countries. The Européans should be very grateful to the East Asian Chinese and their technologies their inventions and inguenity. Especially grateful to the Mongols and Turks for introducing chinese Inventions into Europe and allowing their ancestors to emege out of the dark ages and into a world power.
中国的枪、火药和大炮发明，以及蒙古人和奥斯曼土耳其人将它们引入西方，开启了世界历史的新纪元，使欧洲走出了黑暗时代。在这个历史时期，欧洲是一个落后的大陆。欧洲人仍在用剑和标枪相互残杀，在街上倾倒粪便，特别是他们的国王几乎不沐浴。中国的发明真正推动了欧洲和中东的历史，尤其是其他地区也受到影响。正是因为有了枪、火药和大炮，欧洲才崛起了殖民帝国。这使得他们能够征服世界上的大片土地。你认为如果没有中国的技术和发明，西班牙人、英国人、葡萄牙人和俄罗斯人能建立帝国吗？特别是没有纸张和纸币这种东亚（汉族）发明，还有早期的飞行模型或原型，中国在公元前500年左右就发明了中国直升机顶部，这个发明通过丝绸之路影响了莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的航空发明。来自远东的另一个影响是东西方互相接触，让马可·波罗探索中国。描述了中国的财富，这导致欧洲探险家如瓦斯科·达·伽马寻找通往亚洲“东印度”的贸易路线，他的航行绕过非洲，最终到达印度。这也影响了克里斯托弗·哥伦布寻找到达印度的更简便路线，通过向西穿过大西洋，他相信他会到达印度。而实际上，他发现了一个全新的大陆及其原住民——美洲印第安人。这导致了悲惨的美洲殖民和新西兰、澳大利亚的建立，以及国家的成立。欧洲人应该非常感激东亚中国及其技术、发明和创造力，特别感激蒙古人和土耳其人将中国发明引入欧洲，让他们的祖先走出黑暗时代，成为世界强国。