拿破仑一世有多富有？
How rich was Bonaparte?
译文简介
拿破仑·波拿巴（Napoleon Bonaparte）是法国的一位军事和政治领袖，在法国大革命期间掌权。在拿破仑战争中，拿破仑带领法国对抗一系列联盟，在十年间主宰着欧洲和全球事务。他是地球上最伟大的领袖之一。
正文翻译
Shubham
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and a political leader who came to power during the French Revolution. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He was one of the greatest leaders who lived on this earth. Napoleon’s health began to deteriorate rapidly, and he reconciled with the Catholic Church. He died on 5 May 1821 at Longwood House at age 51.
拿破仑·波拿巴（Napoleon Bonaparte）是法国的一位军事和政治领袖，在法国大革命期间掌权。在拿破仑战争中，拿破仑带领法国对抗一系列联盟，在十年间主宰着欧洲和全球事务。他是地球上最伟大的领袖之一。拿破仑的健康状况迅速恶化，他与罗马天主教会和解。1821年5月5日，他在朗伍德别墅（Longwood House）去世，享年51岁。
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and a political leader who came to power during the French Revolution. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He was one of the greatest leaders who lived on this earth. Napoleon’s health began to deteriorate rapidly, and he reconciled with the Catholic Church. He died on 5 May 1821 at Longwood House at age 51.
拿破仑·波拿巴（Napoleon Bonaparte）是法国的一位军事和政治领袖，在法国大革命期间掌权。在拿破仑战争中，拿破仑带领法国对抗一系列联盟，在十年间主宰着欧洲和全球事务。他是地球上最伟大的领袖之一。拿破仑的健康状况迅速恶化，他与罗马天主教会和解。1821年5月5日，他在朗伍德别墅（Longwood House）去世，享年51岁。
Before his death , He was the the richest man of that era with net worth of $27 Trillion that includes tremendous amount of gold in his personal war chest.
All of us knew he was a conqueror and a Political leader, He had enormous amount of land under his name that includes 7 million Square miles of land that spread across Asia and Europe.
Some of the Possessions that he had in his lifetime were :-
在他去世之前，拿破仑被认为是那个时代最富有的人，净资产达到27万亿美元，其中包括他个人战争财宝中的大量黄金。我们都知道他是一个征服者和政治领袖，他名下拥有巨大的土地，涵盖了亚洲和欧洲的700万平方英里。
他生命中拥有的一些财产包括：-
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The amount of land that he had acquired and had under his name at that time was totaled to an amount of whopping - $12 Trillion US Dollars.
他当时拥有并以自己名义占有的土地总价值高达12万亿美元。
When Napoleon died, almost his entire wealth was confiscated by “British Empire”(Don’t know why whenever some confiscation or theft matters come why there are always Britishers :) ).
At the end, he had only around 400 grams of gold, that were taken by his followers.
拿破仑去世时，几乎他所有的财富都被“英国帝国”没收（不知道为什么每当涉及到没收或偷窃问题时，为什么总是与英国有关 :)） 。
最后，他只剩下大约400克黄金，被他的追随者拿走了。
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Despite being the titular Emperor of France, King of Italy, and the Protector of the Rhine, Napoleon Bonaparte had a very humble upbringing and early career.
尽管成为了法兰西帝国的皇帝、意大利国王和莱茵保护者，拿破仑·波拿巴出身却十分平凡，早年事业也很不起眼。
One of my favorite stories of Napoleon took place when he was a young artillery officer stationed at Valence. All of his checks were being sent to Corsica to support his mother and siblings as well as paying off what debt his father had brought to the Bonaparte's. Therefore, the only luxuries he seems to have afforded himself were his books.
拿破仑的父亲卡洛一生中欠下了巨额债务，在他去世后，拿破仑和兄弟姐妹们就得承担这些沉重的负担。但由于拿破仑不久将成为法国军队的一名下士，这个负担也就落在了他身上。
我最喜欢的拿破仑故事之一发生在他年轻时担任驻守瓦朗斯的炮兵军官时。所有的薪金都被寄到科西嘉岛用来支持他的母亲和兄弟姐妹，并还清他父亲所欠下的债务。因此，他似乎能够负担得起的唯一奢侈品就是书籍。
In Andrew Roberts' book Napoleon: A Life, he writes:
He existed partly on charity; as First Consul he asked one of his interior ministers for news of a café owner who had often treated him to coffee at Valence, and upon hearing that she was still alive said, ‘I fear that I did not pay for all the cups of coffee that she served me; here are 50 louis [1,000 francs] that you will give to her on my behalf.’
The Napoleonic era is filled with many rags-to-riches stories that are often overlooked.
Even more overlooked is the early career and humble beginnings of the era's namesake.
拿破仑在瓦朗斯的住处非常简朴，只有一张床、一张桌子和一把扶手椅。这位勤奋好学的中尉省吃俭用，只是为了买更多书来饱读，甚至跳过饭菜。
在安德鲁·罗伯茨的《拿破仑：一生》一书中，他写道：
他部分靠着慈善生活；作为第一领事，他问他的一位内政大臣关于一个咖啡店老板的消息，这位咖啡店老板经常在瓦朗斯请他喝咖啡，听到她还活着后说：“我担心我没有付所有她对我端上的咖啡的钱，这里有50路易（1000法郎），请代表我给她。”
拿破仑时代充满了许多被忽视的由贫困到富有的故事。更加被忽视的是时代名人早年的职业生涯和谦卑的起点。
Napoleon described himself as quite poor in his earlier stages of life as an officer and general because of his love to his family.
He continuously paid for expensive schools for his sisters; brothers, and mother to take luxurious life and refuge, as at one point they were considered traitors for befriending Paoli, and old family friend who was considered a traitor to France.
Napoleon began to earn a steadier salary during the Egyptian campaign. He understood money perfectly, as at restoring France with new taxes, he himself used it wisely and more with balance, unlike the previous Louis XVI.
拿破仑在成为军官和将军的早期阶段，因为对家庭的爱而自认为非常贫穷。他不断为姐妹、兄弟和母亲支付昂贵的学费，让他们过上豪华生活并获得庇护，因为他们曾因与帕奥利交往而被认为是叛徒，而帕奥利是与法国为敌的老朋友。
拿破仑在埃及战役期间开始获得更稳定的薪水。他完全理解钱的价值，在通过新税收重建法国时，他本人也明智地、更加均衡地运用了这些税款，不像之前的路易十六那样使用不当。
On the eve of the Campaign of Italy in 1796, Napoleon’s campaign as an independent commanding officer, he gave a message to his soldiers, “…Rich provinces, great cities will be in your power. There you will find honor, glory, and riches.” Napoleon was quite known for his pillaging of Italian arts and riches in the cities he captured. Throughout his life, Napoleon was known for squeezing money out of whatever circumstance he was in, and always tried to get as much as he could. Napoleon’s personal wealth certainly reached into the millions throughout his various campaigns. Napoleon owned many palaces and castles, around 60, more than Louis XIV. Napoleon seized as much money as could during his wars, taking artifacts, pieces of arts, relics, anything. Not all of it was for money, or to be sold, but it is perhaps an indication of the money he have made personally.
In the Invasion of Russia in 1812, Napoleon once gave a slight inkling of the wealth he supposedly had, “I have more than four hundred million francs in the cellars of the Tuileries”, but that is extremely doubtful.
在1796年拿破仑作为一个独立指挥官进行意大利战役的前夕，他向士兵们发出了这样的信息：“……富饶的省份和伟大的城市将会在你们手中。在那里，你们将找到荣誉、荣耀和财富。” 拿破仑以掠夺征服的意大利城市的艺术和财富而闻名。在他的一生中，拿破仑以各种情况为契机赚取钱财，并尽可能多地获取利益。通过各种战役，拿破仑个人的财富达到了数百万法郎。他拥有许多宫殿和城堡，约60个，比路易十四还要多。拿破仑在战争中抢夺了尽可能多的财物、文物、艺术品等。其中不是所有的都是为了卖钱或个人获利，但这或许也表明了他个人所积累的金钱数量。
在1812年的俄罗斯战役中，拿破仑曾略微透露过他据称拥有的财富：“我在图伊勒里花园地窖里有四百多万法郎。” 但那是极其可疑的。
I've been an avid student of history for as long as I can remember.6y
There are reports that he cleaned out some of the resources that he had captured several years before he was so rudely deposed. Some of the reports indicate that Jean Lafitte may have been one of the sources that helped him pilfer the French valuables. Or not.
我一直以来都是一个热心的历史学生。有报道称，拿破仑在被粗鲁地废黜前数年清空了他攫取的一些资源。有一些报告显示，让·拉菲特可能是帮助他窃取法国财宝的其中一个来源。或者也可能不是。
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Bonaparte could arbitrarily nationalize any thing at any place under the command of his troops at any time making the calculation impossible. All dictatorships are in effect command economies whether or not they are philosophically so.
波拿巴可以任意收归其部队所控制地区的任何东西，使得计算成为不可能。所有的独裁政权实际上都是命令经济，无论它们是否在哲学上如此。
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Thank you for asking me this, Daniel. I don’t have the figures, but I’m sure they’ll be available somewhere. But, in general terms, Napoleon started out as a younger son in a family of the poorer nobility. As a Republican general, he accumulated some personal wealth, then, once he became First Consul, a large salary would have been added to this.
When Napoleon became Emperor, in essence he was as wealthy as he decided to be - there were fewer restraints upon him than upon recent Kings of France. But I understand that he didn’t show any extraordinary greed in this respect, although the first Empress was noted for extravagance, I believe.
Thank you again - every good wish,
Barrie
感谢你的提问，丹尼尔。我没有具体数字，但相信这些数据在某些地方可以找到。总的来说，拿破仑开始是一个贫穷的贵族家庭的幼子。作为一名共和军队将领，他积累了一些个人财富，随后成为第一执政官后又获得了高额薪水。
当拿破仑成为皇帝时，他能够拥有任何想要的财富 - 与法国最近的国王相比，他面临的限制更少。但据我了解，他在这方面并未表现出过度的贪婪，虽然第一任皇后被认为是挥霍无度。再次表示感谢 - 祝一切顺利，
No one really knows for sure, but it’s estimated to be $27 trillion. As the emperor of France, he had access to the immense wealth of a vast empire that spanned across much of Europe.
But there aren’t many historical records showing what assets belonged to him and which belonged to the state.
The only real record of Napoleon’s wealth is a personal bank account mentioned in his will worth about six million francs.
But while he may not have benefited personally from the vast empire he helped create, his cultural legacy in France still lives on to this day.
Because Napoleon confiscated thousands of precious artworks back to France after his conquest of Italy, with the aim to “unite the greatest masterpieces of art in Paris”.
And he stored them in an immense gallery which would eventually become the Louvre.
But he’s not the only “royal” that had an eye for art. In fact, fine art has historically been a very popular investment vehicle for the ultra rich.
没有人确切知道，但估计数字是27万亿美元。作为法国皇帝，他可以接触到横跨欧洲大部分地区的庞大帝国的巨大财富。但是，很少有历史记录显示哪些资产属于他个人，哪些属于国家。
拿破仑唯一真正的财富记录是在他的遗嘱中提到的一个个人银行账户，价值约600万法郎。
虽然他可能没有从他帮助创建的庞大帝国中获得个人利益，但他在法国的文化遗产至今仍然存在。因为拿破仑在征服意大利后将数千件珍贵艺术品运回法国，旨在“将最伟大的艺术杰作汇集于巴黎”。他将它们存放在一个巨大的画廊里，最终成为了卢浮宫。
但他并不是唯一一个对艺术品感兴趣的“王室成员”。实际上，精美艺术品历来是超级富豪非常受欢迎的投资工具。
And the Rockefellers and the Rothschilds both amassed collections worth billions.
Billionaires like David Geffen, Jeff Bezos, and Bill Gates are all avid art collectors.
Plus, there’s a long list of celebrities like Jay-Z, Oprah Winfrey, Steven Spielberg, Jack Nicholson, Madonna, and Ellen Degeneres who have invested millions into art.
The only problem is, regular investors have always been locked out of this asset class because it usually takes millions of dollars to purchase just one iconic piece.
But thanks to a revolutionary new investment platform called Masterworks investing in art just got easier.
Because they provide a simple way for anyone to invest in fractional shares of art from famous artists like Picasso, Banksy and Basquiat, for a fraction of the cost it would take to buy a single iconic piece.
英国王室家族几个世纪以来一直将他们的部分财富投资于艺术品，他们的收藏品价值估计超过100亿美元。罗克菲勒和罗斯柴尔德家族都建立起了价值数十亿美元的收藏品。
像大卫·盖芬、杰夫·贝索斯和比尔·盖茨这样的亿万富翁都是狂热的艺术品收藏家。
此外，还有一长串名人，如Jay-Z、奥普拉·温弗瑞、史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格、杰克·尼科尔森、麦当娜和艾伦·德詹尼斯等，他们已经向艺术品投资了数百万美元。
唯一的问题是，普通投资者总是被排除在这种资产类别之外，因为购买一个标志性的作品通常需要数百万美元。
The Powerful don’t need to be “rich”, in a conventional sense. Joe Stalin didn’t need a penny in his bank account. He didn’t need his name on a deed to the Kremlin. All he had to do was request something and she-zam! it would appear! Money’s only meaningful in a free society.
有权势的人不需要以传统意义上的“富有”为标准。斯大林在银行账户里一分钱都没有，克里姆林宫的产权证书上也没有他的名字。他只需要提出请求，瞬间就会实现! 在自由社会中，金钱才具有真正意义。
How could any of Napoleon’s assets belong to him? Surely those from whom whom the assets were stolen would not agree that they belonged to Napoleon.
拿破仑的任何财产怎么可能归他所有呢？那些被抢走财产的人肯定不会同意这些财产属于拿破仑。
So rich that I keep seeing this over and over and over again. Even twice in one page.
太有钱了，以至于我总是看到这样的情况一遍又一遍，甚至在同一页上看到两次。
The entire French economy (GDP) wouldn’t come to $27 trillion francs today, much less when Napoleon was emperor. What sort of rubbish is this?
整个法国经济（GDP）今天不可能达到2700万亿法郎，更不要说拿破仑当皇帝的时候了。这是什么垃圾言论？
Baron Rothschild was his financier. Napoleon traded land for cash, to pay for his wars.
巴伦·罗斯柴尔德是拿破仑的财务顾问。拿破仑通过出售土地来换取现金，用于支付自己的战争开支。
This is a bit of a tricky question to answer because
a) Napoleon Bonaparte’s wealth depended on his ever-changing status and
b) I often find it hard to discern between his personal money and that of the state (for example, I understand that the clothes Josephine was so famously spending incredible sums for did not actually belong to her but were property of the state).
This is for the time when Napoleon was emperor: According to the constitution, the “liste civile” (basically his personal income, taken from the French treasury ,i.e., tax payers’ money) of the emperor was 25 million Franc per year. 15 millions of that sum were needed for the imperial household, i.e., Napoleon’s personal entourage and court life. According to Pierre Branda (“Napoléon et ses hommes”), this household comprised 3384 people. I do not know how this compares to the other two European imperial courts, however, those of Austria and Russia. It surely does not sound like a small sum. In comparison: a construction worker at the time earned three Franc per day.
So, I guess one can say there was some inequality of wealth distribution.
这个问题有些棘手，因为：
a）拿破仑·波拿巴的财富取决于他不断变化的地位；
b）我常常很难区分他个人的金钱和国家的金钱（例如，我了解到约瑟芬为了衣服而花费巨款的那些衣服实际上并不属于她，而是国家的财产）。
以下是关于拿破仑成为皇帝时期的情况：根据宪法，“Civile liste”（即从法国财政部获取的他的个人收入，也就是纳税人的钱）每年为2500万法郎。其中1,500万法郎用于帝国家庭，即拿破仑的个人随从和朝臣生活所需。据彼埃尔·布兰达（《拿破仑及其人员》）所述，这个家庭共有3384人。我不知道这与其他两个欧洲帝国的宫廷相比如何，即奥地利和俄罗斯。但肯定不像一点点。相比之下，当时一名建筑工人每天只赚三法郎。
所以，我想可以说存在财富分配不均的情况。
Pretty wealthy. Especially at the top of his power when he was basically the emperor of most of mainland Europe. As an emperor he had all of the power in his large empire and he could acquire any item he needed. So enough wealth to acquire anything in the time he lived in. Pretty wealthy I would say.
非常富有。尤其是在他成为欧洲大陆大部分地区皇帝的巅峰时期，基本上拥有了全部帝国的权力，可以获取任何需要的物品。作为皇帝，他有足够的财富在他所处的那个时代获取任何东西。所以，我认为他非常富有。
Why did so many people like Napoleon?
What happens when all of Europe gang up on France ? With so much people in a coalition, surely the coalition should win right ? No. France under Napoléon beated the sh*t out of them ! FIVE times. In a ROW.
Napoléon appointed a woman, Sophie Blanchard, as his minister to plan an AERIAL invasion of England with aerostats. How cool is that. The Grande Armée was actually formed from the army that was supposed to invade England.
The Civil Code of the French (Napoleon Code) was considered at the time as the greatest piece of law to have been written. Everyone copied it afterwards.
Napoléon was also the jerk that restored slavery. This ought to be said.
It was a pyrrhic victory but Napoléon took Moscow. Hitler did not.
Napoléon was a master of propaganda. His campaign of Egypt was a loss, but he still managed to make it glorious to the French public.
You like egyptology ? It started with the people Napoléon brought with him in Egypt. It was a French soldier that found the Rosetta stone.
Napoléon destroyed the Holy Roman Empire, a venerable old state, that as Voltaire said, was neither Holy, neither Roman and neither an Empire.
For quite some times Italians had had enough of the German princes governing the north and the Bourbons in the South, and it was Napoléon that recreated a Kingdom of Italy. The Italians fought the entire 19th century to recreate a Kingdom of Italy, to be at last a power in Europe.
为什么那么多人喜欢拿破仑呢？当整个欧洲联合起来对抗法国时，会发生什么？有这么多的人联盟，联盟一定会赢，不是吗？但法国在拿破仑的领导下接连打败了他们五次。拿破仑任命女性索菲·布兰查德担任他的大臣，计划利用飞艇进行英格兰的空中入侵，这多酷啊！大军实际上是从原本准备入侵英国的军队组成的。法兰西民法典（即拿破仑法典）被认为是当时写得最好的法律文件，其他人之后都效仿着写。拿破仑还曾恢复奴隶制度，这必须要说清楚。拿破仑纵使在莫斯科取得了胜利，但却是一场昂贵无比的胜利，而希特勒则没有这么做到。拿破仑是宣传大师，他的埃及战役虽然失败，但他仍然成功地让法国公众把它看作是一个辉煌的战役。你喜欢埃及学吗？它始于拿破仑带到埃及的人。发现罗塞塔石碑的是一位法国士兵。拿破仑摧毁了一个尊崇的古老国家——神圣罗马帝国，正如伏尔泰所说，既不神圣、也不罗马，更不是帝国。许多意大利人已经受够了德国王子在北部和波旁家族在南部执政，而是拿破仑重建了意大利王国。整个19世纪，意大利人为重新创立意大利王国而奋斗，终于成为欧洲的一支强国。
Related：Was Napoleon a great leader?
Of course he was. He was the author of terrible events like the slaughter of Egyptian officers as he felt he could not keep them and he was brutal in the handling of the Tyrolean rebellion for independence.
He was a very successful general in fact regarded as a genius and studied. He fought 70 battles and lost 7 not following the rules of battle as taught in school but being a strategic genius.
In the meantime he was a great ruler of France, he created honest tax collectors. Reformed the tax code, the legal system to what is used today emphasizing equality, the currency to what is used today, made a central bank, cleaned up Paris, made sewers and public health for free vaccinations, made secular high schools that taught science and military arts that the rest of Europe began to imitate and offered scholarships, he created the Legion of Honor, found sugar could be made cheaply of beets, united Italy, encouraged science and art, ended the Jewish ghettos everywhere he went, made divorce possible, he reformed the army, and made French the official language.
No one can compare but Peter the Great in reforming rot. But he lost and that was his sin. Going into Russia was his mistake. He took Moscow and expected that meant victory, but it was a big country.
相关问题：拿破仑是伟大的领袖吗？
当然他是。他是可怕事件的制造者，比如屠杀埃及官员，因为他觉得无法保住他们，他在处理提洛尔叛乱时也非常残酷，这场叛乱是为自由而战。 实际上，他是非常成功的将军，被认为是天才并受到了深度的研究。他参加了70次战斗，输了7次，没有按照学校教授的规则战斗，而是凭借自己的战略天赋取得了胜利。
与此同时，他是法国的伟大统治者，他建立了诚实的税务人员。改革了税法、法律制度使其更突出平等、改革货币体系，建立中央银行、整顿巴黎城市规划，为免费接种疫苗的公共卫生服务建设排污系统，推广包容性的高等学校教科书、科学和军事艺术，并提供奖学金，他创建了荣誉军团，发现糖可以便宜地从甜菜中提取出来，统一了意大利，鼓励科学和艺术，并在他所到之处结束了犹太人的隔都制度，实现离婚合法化，他还改革了军队，使法语成为官方语言。
在改革堆积如山的历史上，他无与伦比，只有彼得大帝可以与之相比。但他失败了，这是他的罪过。进入俄国是他的错误。他攻占莫斯科并期望这意味着胜利，但那是一个大国。
History is a commentary of the past events , persons and their deeds.Much of history is based on observers view point which is not entirely free of bias. In my opinion Napoleon met the following criteria of leadership :-
Set a vision for France and exhibited aspirations to cover Europe - with a singular aim of liberating people from rule of monarchy.
He was successful in executing a strategy of conquest and extended the French Empire to cover most of Europe. As a military strategist , he was exceptional till he was out smarted by the Russians.
Despite his physical stature he was able to cast a presence and command people’s respect . They saw in him as someone similar (not from nobility) yet with a magnetic power to make a difference.
Little known aspect outside of France “Napoléon Bonaparte believed that to be great, a nation has to be managed by a corps d'élites, la crème de la crème.Universities are for the mass, the brightest will be formed at the Grandes Écoles. He also introduced the Écoles Prépa to sélect the students who will get into the Grandes Ecoles.” This comment appeared in FB post from Mr Ponnoreay Iat - a French Citizen. He thought about high quality people for leadership positions.
While there are sevral criticisms about his ruthless treatment of foes and his dictatorship , I have no doubt in my mind , that Napoleon was a very effective leader who left a high impact.
历史是对过去事件、人物和其行为的评论。大部分历史都基于观察者的视角，而这种视角并非完全没有偏见。我认为，拿破仑符合以下领导力标准：他为法国设定了愿景，并表现出了欧洲范围内解放人民免于王室统治的愿望。
他成功地实施了征服策略，将法国帝国扩张到覆盖欧洲大部分地区。作为一名军事战略家，他表现出色，直到被俄国人打败。
尽管身材不高，但他能够树立权威并赢得人们的尊重。他们把他视为一个与自己相似（没有贵族出身），却有凝聚力的人，可以改变局面。
除了在法国以外鲜为人知的一点是，“拿破仑·波拿巴(Napoléon Bonaparte)认为，要想伟大，一个国家必须由一支精英队伍来管理，即 creme de la crème。大学是为群众服务的，最聪明的人会在Grands Écoles（法国头号建校之一）里得到培养。他还推出了Écoles Prepа，以挑选那些有资格进入Grands Écoles（法国头号建校之一）的学生。”这段评论出自法国公民Ponnoreay Iat的FB帖子。他思考高质量领导人才。
虽然有人对他无情对待敌人和专制统治提出了批评，但我毫不怀疑，拿破仑是一个非常有效的领袖
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