Marburg virus: CDC warns US public health officials of Ebola-like disease

马尔堡病毒: 疾病预防控制中心(CDC)警告美国公共卫生官员(注意)埃博拉/伊波拉类疾病
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Marburg virus disease (MVD) was reported in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea

坦桑尼亚和赤道几内亚报告了马尔堡病毒病例(MVD)

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published a warning about the rare Ebola-like Marburg virus Thursday, advising American public health officials and doctors to be on the lookout.

美国疾病控制和预防中心星期四发布了关于罕见的类似埃博拉的马尔堡病毒的警告,建议美国公共卫生官员和医生保持警惕。
【马尔堡病毒,是以西德城市马尔堡而命名,又称绿猴病病毒,绿猴因子、马尔、马堡病毒等,是一种致命性病毒,马尔堡出血热的致病源。马尔堡病毒和埃博拉病毒有关,亦是同样源自非洲乌干达及肯尼亚一带,为人类和其他灵长类的共通疾病。病毒是由动物传染给人类,但病毒始终来源不明。
马尔堡病毒可以通过体液,包括血液、排泄物、唾液及呕吐物传播。对于这种具高度传染能力,而同时致命的疾病,没有任何疫苗或医治的方法。病患者病状为发高烧,腹泻、呕吐,身体各孔穴严重出血。通常病发后一周死亡。病发死亡率为25%~100%。】
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There are two confirmed outbreaks of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea. The CDC says the pathogen likely spilled over from wild animals to humans.

在坦桑尼亚和赤道几内亚有两处确诊的马尔堡病毒病暴发。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示,病原体可能从野生动物蔓延到人类。

There have been no reported Marburg diagnoses in the U.S., but the CDC seeks to "increase awareness of the risk of imported cases in the United States."

美国目前为止还没有确诊马尔堡病毒的报告,但美国疾病控制与预防中心试图“提高对美国输入性病例风险的认识”。
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The disease is usually spread through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids rather than airborne transmission.

这种疾病通常通过接触受感染的血液或其他体液传播,而不是通过空气传播。


Electron Micrograph Of The Marburg Virus. Marburg Virus, First Recognized In 1967, Causes A Sever Type Of Hemorrhagic Fever, Which Affects Humans, As Well As Non Human Primates.

马尔堡病毒的电子显微照片。马尔堡病毒于1967年首次被发现,它会导致一种严重的出血热,影响人类和非人类灵长类动物。

"Currently, the risk of MVD in the United States is low; however, clinicians should be aware of the potential for imported cases," the CDC said.

“目前,MVD在美国的风险很低; 不过,临床医生应该意识到输入病例的可能性。”

The disease has epidemic potential, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It has high fatality rates — out of eight Tanzanian cases reported so far, five of the patients died.

据世界卫生组织(WHO)表示,这种疾病有流行的潜力。它的致死率很高——迄今为止,在坦桑尼亚报告的8例病例中,有5名患者死亡。

Equatorial Guinea officials reported their first outbreak Feb. 13, where there have been 14 confirmed cases and 10 deaths. The Tanzanian government announced its first-ever outbreak of MVD on March 21.

赤道几内亚官员于2月13日报告了他们的首次疫情,当时已有14例确诊病例和10例死亡。3月21日,坦桑尼亚政府宣布该国首次爆发MVD。


This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology exhibited by the Marburg virus, the cause of Marburg hemorrhagic fever.

这张透射电子显微照片(TEM)显示了引起马尔堡出血热的马尔堡病毒所表现出的一些超微结构形态。
【透射电子显微镜(Transmission Electron Microscope,简称TEM),可以看到在光学显微镜下无法看清的小于0.2um的细微结构,这些结构称为亚显微结构或超微结构。要想看清这些结构,就必须选择波长更短的光源,以提高显微镜的分辨率。1932年Ruska发明了以电子束为光源的透射电子显微镜,电子束的波长要比可见光和紫外光短得多,并且电子束的波长与发射电子束的电压平方根成反比,也就是说电压越高波长越短。TEM的分辨力可达0.2nm。】

Symptoms include headache, fatigue, sudden fever, unexplained bleeding and gastrointestinal symptoms. Muscle and joint pain and loss of appetite are also common.

症状包括头痛、疲劳、突然发热、原因不明的出血和胃肠道症状。肌肉和关节疼痛以及食欲不振也很常见。

The incubation period is usually two to 21 days. The CDC noted that the disease is sometimes difficult to diagnose.

潜伏期通常为2至21天。疾病预防控制中心指出,这种疾病有时很难诊断。

"Many of the signs and symptoms of MVD are similar to other infectious diseases (such as malaria or typhoid fever) or viral hemorrhagic fevers that may be endemic in the area (such as Lassa fever or Ebola)," the CDC said. "This is especially true if only a single case is involved."

美国疾病控制与预防中心表示: “MVD的许多症状和体征与其他传染病(如疟疾或伤寒)或该地区可能流行的病毒性出血热(如拉沙热或埃博拉)相似。”“如果只涉及单一个病例,情况尤其如此/更难以分辨。”


Equatorial Guinea officials reported their first outbreak on February 13, where have been 14 confirmed cases and 10 deaths. (Center of Disease Control)

赤道几内亚官员于2月13日报告了第一次疫情爆发,当时已有14例确诊病例和10例死亡。

The CDC says the disease's mortality rate is anywhere from 23% to 90%. There is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccine for the disease, but fluid replacement and intensive supportive care in its early stages can be successful.

美国疾病控制与预防中心表示,这种疾病的死亡率在23%到90%之间。
目前还没有美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的针对该疾病的疫苗,但在其早期阶段(进行)补液和重症支持性护理可能会有成效。