奥匈帝国屡战屡败，为什么却被视为一个大国？
Why was Austria-Hungary considered a powerful nation if it lost every single war/battle it ever fought? Literally every single nation that fought them beat them.
译文简介
哈布斯堡帝国赢得了很多场战争。
正文翻译
Why was Austria-Hungary considered a powerful nation if it lost every single war/battle it ever fought? Literally every single nation that fought them beat them.
如果奥匈帝国输掉了它曾经打过的每一场战争/战斗，为什么它会被认为是一个强大的国家？从字面上看，每一个与他们作战的国家都打败了他们。
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Austria-Hungary was not a nation, it was a very peculiar unx of two states, made up of two political nations and many more nationalities, the two dominant being Austrian Germans and Hungarians. Austrian Germans in 1910 made up some 33% of the Austrian state’s population and some 10% of that of Hungary, while Hungarians made up a little above 50% in that state. One big difference was though that Austria never claimed to be anything more than a dynastic entity and assimilation was almost non-existent, the propagation of the German language was limited to the necessities of a lingua franca. The Hungarian size was more forceful in implementing the idea of the “political nation” and cultural and linguistic assimilation was in many ways practiced. (Not to the quasi apartheid levels imagined by many successor state nationalists and nothing not observed in many other European states of the time.)
As for the military side, the A-H Army participated in only one real war - WWI - and, contrary to successor state mythology, won many battles and also lost quite a few, mostly against Russia. True, German help was usually a major factor in such important victories as Gorlice, Caporetto or the swift defeat of the Romanian venture to invade Transylvania.
The idea of a fully decrepit Austrian-Hungarian empire and army is a product of successor state mythology and propaganda, distorting facts. In any case it is strange that after more than a 100 years - when this propaganda’s political utility has long expired - it is still spread and even believed.
奥匈帝国不是一个国家，它是一个由两个政治民族和许多其他民族组成的非常奇特的联盟，其中两个主要民族是奥地利德国人和匈牙利人。 1910 年，奥地利德国人约占奥地利人口的 33%，约占匈牙利人口的 10%，而匈牙利人在该政权的人口比例略高于 50%。一个很大的区别是，奥地利从未声称自己是一个王朝的实体，同化现象几乎不存在，德语的传播仅限于通用语言的需要。匈牙利人的规模在实施“政治民族”的理念方面更有力，并且在许多方面都实行了文化和语言同化。（没有达到许多后继国家民族主义者想象的准种族隔离水平，而且在当时的许多其他欧洲国家也没有观察到。）
至于军事方面，奥匈陆军只参加了一场真正的战争——第一次世界大战——而且，与后继国的说法相反，奥匈赢得了许多战斗，也输掉了很多，主要是对俄罗斯。诚然，德国人的帮助通常是奥匈取得戈尔利采、卡波雷托等重要胜利或迅速击败罗马尼亚入侵特兰西瓦尼亚的冒险的主要因素。
奥匈帝国和军队不堪一击的想法是后继国虚构和宣传歪曲事实的产物。无论如何，奇怪的是，在 100 多年之后——当这种宣传的政治效用早已失效时——它仍然在传播，甚至被相信。
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Power is not determined by military victories alone.
Austria-Hungary was the second largest country in Europe after Russia and the third most populous after Russia and Germany and could mobilise millions of troops into war. It also had the second most extensive railway lines in Europe and the fourth largest machine industry in the world.
Railway map of Austria-Hungary in 1911
So while the empire didn't have an illustrious military record, it was indeed a major power to be reckoned with.
Edit:
The OP is asking specifically about Austria-Hungary not its predecessor states. A-H only fought one major war, that is WW1 and lost it. Maybe those who are commenting that I don't know what I'm talking about should read the question right before commenting next time.
权力不仅仅取决于军事胜利。
奥匈帝国是欧洲仅次于俄罗斯的第二大国家，也是仅次于俄罗斯和德国的第三大人口大国，可以动员数百万军队参战。它还拥有欧洲第二大铁路线和世界第四大机械工业。
1911 年奥匈帝国的铁路地图
因此，虽然帝国没有显赫的军事记录，但它确实是一个不可忽视的大国。
编辑：
OP具体问的是奥匈帝国而不是其前身国家。奥匈帝国只打过一场大仗，那就是第一次世界大战，而且输了。也许那些评论说我不知道自己在说什么的人下次在评论前应该好好读一下问题。
The Ottoman Empire was the sick man of Europe, Austria-Hungary was the split personality man of Europe! Ahahahah
I don't remember which German general was responsible for the quote (WW1, about the AH alliance):
“You're asking me to fight while tied to a corpse"
奥斯曼帝国是欧洲的病夫，奥匈帝国是欧洲的人格分裂者! 哈哈哈哈
我不记得这句话是哪个德国将军说的了（一战，关于和奥匈联盟）：
“你这是在要求我绑着一具尸体作战”
The dude was clearly a grand master in roasting others.
哈哈这哥们儿显然是个挖苦人的高手。
Reminds me of Goering’s comment on the benefits of being allied to Italy.
让我想起了戈林对与意大利结盟的好处的评论。
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That relationship is actually a story in several acts, and everyone made remarks ahahahah
From “what a great people, a people of conquerors!”
To:
“in 100 years, the word for dog will be “italians" “
(Sic. Goebbels, if I'm not mistaken)
这种关系实际上是一个分几幕的故事，每个人都发表了言论，啊哈哈哈
从“多么伟大的民族，一个征服者的民族！”
到：
“100年后，狗的名字将是‘意大利人’”。
（如果我没记错的话，是戈培尔说的）。
I feel his pain: I’m doing my PhD advised by a corpse.
我能感到他的痛苦：我正在写我的博士论文，由一具尸体提供建议。
Sick men of Europe was holding of the Brits till so called Arab Brothers sold the Turks. TURKS says there are more traitors in Gaza then sands in Gaza beach.
在所谓的阿拉伯兄弟出卖土耳其人之前，欧洲病夫一直在抵御着英国人。土耳其人说，加沙的叛徒比加沙海滩的沙子还多。
the hapsburgs were related to all the royal families in europe and controlled austria, the holy roman empire and spain
哈布斯堡家族与欧洲所有的皇室家族都有关系，并控制着奥地利、神圣罗马帝国和西班牙。
The Habsburgs were not intermarried to the Hanover and Saxa-Gotha who ruled United Kingdom. also not intermarried to the Hohenzollerns who ruled in Germany.
It’s like Europe was split between the North and the South.
哈布斯堡家族与统治英国的汉诺威和萨克森-哥特家族并不通婚。也与统治德国的霍亨索伦家族不通婚。
这就像欧洲被分裂为北方和南方。
The Habsburg Empire won a lot of wars. They were for a long time evenly matched with France and won some wars while they lost others — against the Ottoman Empire they were largely victorious.
During the late 19th century and early 20th century time had finally caught up with them and as a backwards, conservative and royalistic nation they couldn't keep up with the more modern, industrial countries of Western Europe. During world war one they finally cracked, they admittedly lost a lot of battles in the war but on some fronts they were still successful (e.g. The Italian front) and they also contributed with crucial manpower in both the western and eastern fronts
哈布斯堡帝国赢得了很多场战争。在很长一段时间里，他们与法国势均力敌，在赢得一些战争的同时也输掉了一些战争--在与奥斯曼帝国的战争中，他们基本上是胜利的一方。
在19世纪末和20世纪初，时间终于赶上了他们，作为一个落后的、保守的和保皇的国家，他们无法跟上西欧更现代的工业国家的步伐。在第一次世界大战期间，他们终于崩溃了，他们承认在战争中输掉了很多战役，但在一些战线上他们仍然取得了成功（如意大利战线），他们还在西线和东线都贡献了重要的人力。
They were not largely victorious at all. Between the 16th and 18th centuries lots of wars occurred between Habsburg Austria and Ottomans and Ottomans was the winner for most of it. Much of this wars happened in 16th while Ottoman was the biggest and the most powerful state of the world. In 16th century there was 7 big wars occurred which is:
1529 Siege of Buda (Ottoman win)
1529 Siege of Vienna (Habsburg win)
1532-1534 German Campaign (Ottoman win)
1541 Siege of Buda (Ottoman win)
1543 Siege of Esztergom (Ottoman win)
1566 Siege of Szigetvar (Ottoman win)
1593-1606 Long Turkish War (Inconclusive)
And the rest 6 wars occurred later in 17th and 18th centuries.
他们根本没有取得很大的胜利。在 16 世纪和 18 世纪之间，奥地利哈布斯堡王朝与奥斯曼帝国之间发生了许多战争，而奥斯曼帝国是其中大部分的胜利者。大部分战争发生在 16 世纪，当时奥斯曼帝国是世界上最大、最强大的国家。16 世纪发生了 7 次大战争，分别是：
1529年围攻布达（奥斯曼帝国获胜）
1529年围攻维也纳（哈布斯堡获胜）
1532-1534年日耳曼战役（奥斯曼帝国获胜）
1541年围攻布达（奥斯曼帝国获胜）
1543年围攻埃斯泰尔戈姆（奥斯曼帝国获胜）
1566年围攻西格特瓦（奥斯曼帝国获胜）
1593-1606年十五年战争（无结果）
而其余6场战争则发生在17和18世纪后期。
1683 Second Siege of Vienna (Holy League win)
1683-1699 Great Turkish War (Holy League win)
1716-1718 Austro-Turkish War (Austria win)
1735-1739 Austro-Russo-Turkish War (While it was a tie between Russia and Ottomans, it was a decisive Ottoman victory on the Austria side.)
1788-1791 Austro-Turkish War (Inconclusive)
The wars between fought in 1526 and 1568 it was the wars occurred from the partition of Hungary. It is known as Little Hungary War and it was a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire. While the rest obviously Ottomans was not the biggest land army and the most powerful state in Europe (Russia was) some wars were either inconclusive or lost. But there are only 2 wars which are 1593-1606 and 1788-1791 was inconclusive and the latter involved Russia which was a disaster for Ottoman army.
1663-1664年奥土战争（奥斯曼帝国获胜）
1683年第二次围攻维也纳（神圣联盟获胜）
1683-1699年大土耳其战争（神圣联盟获胜）
1716-1718年奥土战争（奥地利获胜）
1735-1739年奥俄土战争（虽然俄罗斯和奥斯曼之间是平局，但奥斯曼在奥地利方面取得决定性胜利）
1788-1791年奥土战争（无结果）
1526 年和 1568 年之间的战争是匈牙利分治后的战争。它被称为小匈牙利战争，是奥斯曼帝国的决定性胜利。虽然奥斯曼帝国显然不是欧洲最大的陆军和最强大的国家（俄罗斯才是），一些战争要么没有结果，要么失败。但只有两场战争，即1593-1606年和1788-1791年是没有结果的，后者涉及到俄罗斯，这对奥斯曼军队来说是一场灾难。
I wonder, which was the complete or great i may say victory for Austria?
I also like to remind the Battle of Karansebes, the battle that part of the 1788-1791 Austro-Ottoman war. It was a disaster for Austrian army.
当然，这些战争对奥斯曼帝国一方来说也是失败的。其中最重要的是1683-1699年的大土耳其战争和1683年的维也纳围攻战。在这次围攻和其他战争中，奥地利得到了欧洲其他国家军队的大力帮助。其中最重要的帮助是扬-索比斯基的波兰军队，他冲散了奥斯曼帝国的军队，使维也纳围攻战彻底失败。然而，大土耳其战争涉及到了所有主要的欧洲国家，它们聚集在一起的目的是将奥斯曼土耳其人从欧洲赶走。
你可能会说，那1716-1718年的奥地利-奥斯曼战争呢？威尼斯参与了这场战争，奥斯曼人不得不与威尼斯人和奥地利人作战。这对奥斯曼人来说是一个巨大的损失。1788-1791年的战争对奥地利方面来说又是一场没有结果的战争，而同年，奥斯曼人与俄罗斯作战，由于俄罗斯和俄罗斯战线，奥斯曼军队又受到了巨大的损失。
我想知道，对奥地利来说，有哪一次是彻底的或伟大的胜利？
我还想提醒一下卡兰塞布战役，这场战役是1788-1791年奥匈战争的一部分。这对奥地利军队来说是一场灾难。
This simply wrong. AH biggest defeats were from Russia, which was undoubtedly more „backwards“
Central powers lost because they were blockaded and had less manpower and resources to work with, not because they were royalist or backwards on any kind of ideological reason like that.
错误。奥匈遭遇的最大失败来自俄国，而俄国无疑是“更落后”的一方。
中央大国的失败是因为他们被封锁，可利用的人力和资源较少，而不是因为他们是保皇派或在任何类似的意识形态上的落后原因。
They must have won wars. Otherwise the empire wouldn't have gotten that big
他们一定赢得了战争。不然帝国也不会这么大
Yea, against much weaker nations. For example Serbia in the opening of WW1.
In saying that, they only fought in one major war as Austria-Hungary and they lost. The got “that big” prior to WW1 and that was when they were the Hapsburg Austrian Empire. Many stunning victories and many stunning loses.
是的，在对付一些弱得多的国家的时候。例如第一次世界大战开始时的塞尔维亚。
话虽如此，他们作为奥匈帝国只参加过一场大战，他们输了。在第一次世界大战之前，他们变得“那么大”是因为那时候他们是哈布斯堡王朝的奥地利帝国。有过许多惊人的胜利和许多惊人的失败。
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Whaoo. This question is the most stupid uneducated question in the last 6 months. Bravo.
AH had in every front victory in WW1. In end of 1918 ZERO Entente soldiers stepped on the territory of AH.
Italy had territory occupied by AH
Serbia was occupied by AH
Montenegro was occupied by AH
Albania was occupied by AH
Huge Russian territory was occupied by AH
Romania was occupied by AH
AUSTRIA HUNGARY WAS THE BEST IN WW1
哇哦。这个问题是过去6个月中最愚蠢的没有教养的问题。真棒。
奥匈在一战的每条战线上都取得了胜利。在1918年底，没有一个协约国士兵能踏上奥匈的领土。
意大利有领土被奥匈占领
塞尔维亚被奥匈占领
黑山被奥匈占领
阿尔巴尼亚被奥匈占领
俄国的大片领土被奥匈占领
罗马尼亚被奥匈帝国征服
奥匈是一战中表现最好的国家
It won World War I so much that it fell apart as a result.
你说得对，它赢得了第一次世界大战，以至于它因此而分崩离析。
The reason it fell apart was that it was really multi-cultural multi-national construction, held together only be the old Emperor. Nationalism and above all - the pan-slavic propaganda was its “death” in the end. Had the Entente been just a little “fair” A/H might have been a big enough block to prevent Adolf from starting WWII. But that’s history…
它分崩离析的原因是它实在是一个多文化多民族的大熔炉，只有老皇帝才能将其团结在一起。民族主义，最重要的是 - 泛斯拉夫宣传最终导致了它的“死亡”。如果协约国能够秉持一点“公平”，奥匈可能是一个足够大的障碍来阻止阿道夫开始第二次世界大战。但历史就是如此……
It was not pan-slavic propaganda what destroyed AH. Remember more then half of population was slavic. But official and preffered language was german… One minority, Magyars sucessfully rebelled end received “dualism”. And what happened, magyaryzation in hungarian kingdom (where magyar population was less then 50%). It was doomed to end…
摧毁奥匈的不是泛斯拉夫宣传。请记住，一半以上的人口是斯拉夫人。但是官方和首选语言是德语……马扎尔人作为少数民族反抗成功获得了“二元并列”的资格。之后发生了什么？匈牙利王国的马扎尔化（那里的马扎尔人口少于 50%）。它注定要完蛋......
I agree with respect to Hungary! But for one thing the situation was different in “Cis-Leithanien”. And - clearly - Popovici’s plan for a federalisation of the monarchy along ethic lines was against Russia’s and Serbia’s (and other’s) interests. Which was ONE of the causes of the Archduke and his Czech wife being shot at Sarajewo by a member of the “Black Hand”, supported by Russia (and France?). Had one given a bit more time for developing EH Franz Ferdinand’s/Popovici’s ideas, things - such as WWII and the resulting Russian occupation of central/eastern Europe - might well have been avoided - who knows? Also in hindsight - did the successor states fare better up to 1989? I strongly believe they did NOT.
我同意关于匈牙利的看法！但一方面，“内莱塔尼亚”的情况有所不同。而且 - 显然 - 波波维奇的联邦君主制计划触动了俄罗斯和塞尔维亚（以及其他国家）的利益。这是大公和他的捷克妻子在萨拉热窝被俄罗斯（和法国？）支持的“黑手”枪杀的原因之一。如果有人花更多的时间来发展斐迪南大公/波波维奇的理想，那么事情——比如第二次世界大战和由此产生的俄罗斯对中/东欧的占领——很可能完全可以被避免——谁知道呢？同样事后看来 - 1989 年之前，后继国的表现是否比奥匈更好？我坚信他们没有。
（注：内莱塔尼亚是奥匈帝国的北部与西部领土的泛称，由奥地利所拥有。 ）
It was an empire no subjugated nation wanted to be in.
这是一个任何被征服的国家都不想加入的帝国。
AH was strong, but not stronger than UK, USA and Germany of course. But if this great powers did not destroy it, AH would become Central European unx and in 10 years it would become stronger than the western powers. They knew that and they destroyed AH. That's why. The result is the WW 2 no Central European countries were independent, after WW2 no Central European countries were independent and today no Central European countries are independent but colonies
奥匈很强，但当然不比英国、美国和德国强。但如果这个大国不被摧毁，奥匈将成为中欧邦联，并在 10 年内变得比西方大国更强大。他们知道这一点，所以他们摧毁了奥匈。这就是原因。结果是二战时没有独立的中欧国家，二战后没有独立的中欧国家，今天没有独立的中欧国家，只有殖民地。
No, it would not have. The rest of us called it the dungeon of nations. Nobody wanted to be part of it and subjected to Germanization and Hungarization.
不，它不会。我们其他人称它为国家囚牢。没有人愿意成为其中的一部分并受到德国化和匈牙利化的影响。
That's why I told that if it would become Central European unx . I mean unx of every nations not only 2
这就是为什么我说它会成为中欧邦联。我的意思是每个国家的联盟不仅是 2个
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No chance. First, the Germans and Magyars would have to give up their privileged position...
没有机会。首先，德国人和马扎尔人将不得不放弃他们的特权地位……
Exactly. In near end of the WW1 started to create a federalist state, but the Entente didn't want it. They preferred to colonise Central Europe so they created lot of small and weak countries, also they created conflicts between this small countries and then they can play with them and keep them poor.
确实。在第一次世界大战接近尾声时，才开始着手建立联邦制国家，但协约国不希望这样做。他们更喜欢殖民中欧，所以他们创造了很多弱小的国家，他们还在这些小国家之间制造了冲突，然后他们就可以玩弄于股掌之中，让他们一直贫穷。
I think they certainly fought very well and they didn't lose in the conventional way. It was the British blockade that defeated them.
我认为他们表现得很好而且他们没有以常规的方式输掉这场比赛。是英国的封锁打败了他们。
Wilson and close advisers helped end Austria-Hungary.
威尔逊及其亲密顾问推动结束了奥匈帝国。
Perhaps you're high. Just asking politely.
AH war feats were frankly poor all along. They struggled to advance against Russia. They're responsible for delaying Germany plans.
And they definitively got invaded on their own soil at the end. French cavalry obtained a huge breakthrough in Uskub, all observers agreed Vienna was 4 weeks away of falling when the armistice came in effect. AH had literally collapsed. French troops moved 800km along the Danube in 5 weeks. There's wasn't anyone left to stop them from just… march towards Vienna through Hungary. To add insult to injury, the Brits didn't feel the need to push towards Vienna with the French because they simply weren't needed, so they focused on Greece and Istanbul instead.
It doesn't sound like a success story for Austria-Hungary
你说得很嗨，但容我礼貌地打断一下。
坦率地说，奥匈的战绩一直都很差。他们面对俄罗斯表现挣扎。他们要为德国的计划没有实现负责。
而且他们最后也确实在自己的土地上被入侵了。法国骑兵在乌斯库布取得了巨大的突破，当停战协议生效时，所有的观察家都认为，再过4周维也纳就会沦陷。奥匈帝国实际上已经崩溃了。法国军队在5周内沿着多瑙河移动了800公里。没有人可以阻止他们......通过匈牙利向维也纳进军。更侮辱人的是，英国人觉得没有必要和法国人一起向维也纳推进，因为根本不需要他们，所以他们把重点放在希腊和伊斯坦布尔。
这听起来不像是奥匈帝国的成功故事。
The armistice was 03.11.1918
Till then ZERO French or British soldiers stepped on the territory of Austria-Hungary.
Of course after when the A-H army was disarmed it was easy to go to Vienna or Budapest…. Just like a voyage en vacances
停战协定是 1918 年 11 月 3 日
直到那时零个法国或英国士兵踏上了奥匈帝国的领土。
当然，当奥匈军队被解除武装后，去维也纳或布达佩斯就很容易了……就像一次假期旅行
The only way the French would of been able to advance onto territory of Austro-Hungary would of been after the armistice was signed and they laid down there arms
That was the case for Hungary they kept the army until 1920 and when they finally dis-armed all surrounding nations moved in and took land.
That was the only way they could of been on Austro-Hungarian territory
法国人能够进入奥匈帝国领土的唯一途径是在停战协议签署后，他们放下了武器。
匈牙利的情况就是这样，他们一直保持着军队，直到1920年，当他们最终解除武装时，周围所有国家都争先恐后地瓜分领土。
这是他们能踏上奥匈帝国领土的唯一途径。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Austria only managed to occupy Serbia after Germany joined the attack
奥地利在德国加入进攻后才设法占领了塞尔维亚
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The German support in Serbian was very few in Serbian front. Bulgaria helped very much. Yes of course AH didn't fight alone. The Central Powers helped each other just like the French and British helped to Serbia Italy etc
在塞尔维亚战线上，德国的支持很少。保加利亚的帮助很大。是的，奥匈当然不是孤军奋战。同盟国互相帮助，就像法国和英国帮助塞尔维亚意大利等一样
In raw numbers AH should steamroll Serbia alone.
Pretty similar situation with Russia and Ukranie
在国家量级上，奥匈应该单独碾压塞尔维亚才对。
结果跟俄罗斯和乌克兰的情况相似
AH never fought only against Serbia separately. AH had 4 frontline against 1 Serbia, 2 Russia, 3 Italy, 4 Romania +help to Germany in the west, +fought on the sea by ships.
The Serbian front wasn't the most important for AH and wasn't most important for Central Powers.
The similarities with the present time war is not relevant.
Additional: the Serb defence was very strong, even surprised the AH military leaders, that's true.
奥匈从来没有只对塞尔维亚单独作战。奥匈有4条战线，分别是对塞尔维亚，对俄罗斯，对意大利，对罗马尼亚，在西部帮助德国，+在海上用船作战。
塞尔维亚战线对奥匈来说不是最重要的，对中央政权也不是最重要的。
与当前战争的相似性并不相关。
补充：塞尔维亚的防御非常强大，甚至让奥匈的军事领导人感到惊讶，这是事实。
Austrian-Hungary empire was a “fake” country that lasted for 50 years and was a horrible experiment against all nationalities that were captured inside except for 2: Austrian and Hungarian.
奥匈帝国是一个持续了 50 年的“假”国家，是针对除 2 个国家：奥地利和匈牙利--以外的所有民族的可怕实验。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Pure bullshit. A-H was the country where could nations keep and improve their culture, language and customs. Czechs, Polish, Slovaks, Ukrainians, Croatians, Slovenians etc. grew up into modern nations there. The empire was torn apart by the fact that political reality did not follow the growth of those nations. A-H desperately needed federalisation but it didn't happen.
纯属胡说八道。 奥匈是一个各国可以保持和改善其文化、语言和习俗的国家。捷克人、波兰人、斯洛伐克人、乌克兰人、克罗地亚人、斯洛文尼亚人等在那里成长为现代国家。政治现实没有跟随这些国家的发展而发展，导致这个帝国被撕裂了。奥匈迫切需要联邦化，但它没有发生。
This is totally untrue. AH was a sovereign power rooted in historical reality that could stand on its own feet. The countries created out of whole cloth after ww1 were the fake ones, totally dependent on alien powers for their „independence“, and never having existed as sovereign entities prior to 1919. These creations, based on ethnic separatism which ignored the fact that different populations inhabited the same areas, would ultimately result in more war and the biggest ethnic cleansing operations in history—that is the consequence of making fake countries on ethnocentric myths that have no historical basis.
这完全不是事实。奥匈是植根于历史现实的主权国家，可以独立自主。第一次世界大战后那些凭空捏造的国家才是假的，完全依赖外国势力实现“独立”，在 1919 年之前根本从未作为主权实体存在过。这些建立在民族分离主义基础上的国家，无视不同人口居住在同一地区的事实，最终将导致更多的战争和历史上最大规模的种族清洗行动——这是根据没有历史依据的种族中心主义神话制造假国家的结果。