海外网文圈趣谈：为什么网文中的佛教人物总是被刻画成恶人或伪君子 ？（下）
Why is Buddhism treated so nefariously
译文简介
问题在于，很多修仙小说的中心主题就是“正道”的虚伪。而佛教是正道的一部分，所以他们也会得到同样的待遇。
正文翻译
My question is, in this novel Buddhists are treated as nefarious individuals, arrogant and self certain yet duplicitous and controlling.
This is not the first novel I've read like this. I've read dozens of wuxia and xianxia novels over the last decade, and almost uniformly Buddhist sects or cultivation are treated as both insanely powerful, and insanely untrustworthy/controlling.
To be fair, I'm from America, the knowledge I have is very much only Americans outlook of Buddhists, in general we perceive them as kind, benevolent individuals with a high spirituality and possible martial ability. Seeing this is fascinating.
我的问题是，在小说中佛教徒被看成了邪恶的人，傲慢，自以为是，但又两面三刀，控制欲强。
这在我读过的小说中已经不是第一次看到了。我在过去十年里读了几十本武侠/仙侠小说，几乎清一色地把佛教教派或佛门修行看成既强大无比，又极不可信，控制欲极强。
公平地说，我来自美国，我掌握的知识在很大程度上只是美国人对佛教徒的看法，一般来说，我们是把他们看成善良、仁慈的人，具有极高的灵性，可能身怀武功。发现这一点后，我被深深地迷住了。
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there’s bad blood in china and japan when it comes to buddhism. for example in japan a militant branch of buddhist saw it as sort of their right to overthrow earthly tyrants. it even had its own military and then a guy named oda nobunaga came. the buddhist rebel, he basically exterminated them. he dies buddhist takes the throne, short civil war ensues, buddhist lost again.
在中国和日本，只要涉及到佛教，就会生出嫌隙。比如在日本，佛教的某个激进的分支认为，推翻人间的暴君是他们的权利，他们甚至有自己的军队，然后就出现了一个叫作织田信长的家伙，佛教徒造反，而他基本上把他们诛灭了。等他死了，佛教徒就夺了王位，随后发生了短暂的内战，佛教徒又输了。
the buddhist of china tried to appease everyone by adopting confucian ideas and…
在中国，佛教被崛起的儒家运动贴上了“破坏中国社会结构，并与其常理相悖”的标签，这导致了四次不同的运动，基本上消灭了佛教，还有一些其他原因，比如消除外国影响。
中国的佛教徒试图通过采用儒家思想来安抚每个人，并…
One person dalai lama Han Chinese have hatred towards tibetian Buddhism
光DL喇嘛一个人，就让汉人对藏传佛教产生了恨意
Same reason Christianity and often Judaism depicted this way too. Those 3 are very pointedly "good religions" aka "be good to others, do what you want to be done to you, have high morals" etc. Since this allows to decrease conflicts and all kind of evil significantly, countries using those religion is much more successful and thus used by all kinds of other countries and sects who only formally follow it. Add to this that their opponents are hateful ideologies following "dog eats dog world, let the world burn, kill and rob the rich (and rich sects)". That's why they paint them all in bad light to have excuse of killing them.
出于同样的原因，基督教（也多见于犹太教）也经常被描绘成这样。这三个宗教都是明晃晃的“好宗教”，也就是“与人为善，己所不欲勿施于人，道德高尚”等等。由于这样可以大为减少冲突和各种类型的恶行，运用这些宗教的国家远比其他国家成功，因此这些宗教也被各国、各教派拿去使用，但只在形式上得到遵循。此外，他们的对手遵循的是一种可憎的意识形态，即“弱肉强食的世界，毁天灭地，杀戮/抢劫富人（和富人的教派）”。这就是为什么会把所有这些对手描绘得很负面，这样就有借口杀掉他们了。
Tldr: Buddhism is basically eastern equivalent of Christianity
需要注意的是，只有大约一半的小说会这样安排，在另一半的小说中，则是杀戮和抢劫魔教、强盗（也就是其反面）。
简而言之，基本上佛教就相当于东方的基督教。
Rejecting worldly possessions seems like a huge threat to basically all other governments.
基本上，对其他所有政府来说，不取尘世间的财物（身外之物）都是一个巨大的威胁。
Buddhist temples often claim property, give no tax to the government. Their teachings makes you yearn for next life, thus becomes a less productive member to society.
Such qualities means most novels that loves governance present Buddhism in a bad light.
But you should also remember that for every 1 Bad Bhuddist, there's 100 bad emperor novels.
And a zillion bad Taoist. Yes, those Devil ways ARE Taoism.
You just too biased to see it.
佛教寺庙经常会索要财产，还不给政府纳税。他们的教义会让你向往来生，从而成为一个对社会没啥贡献的成员。
这样的特性，就意味着大部分热衷于统治的小说都会把佛教刻画得很负面。
但你也应该记住，有一本出现恶和尚的小说，就有一百本出现昏君的小说。
而且邪恶的道士也是数不胜数。是的，那些个魔道就是道教。
你只是太过偏心，所以看不到这些。
Well because some people feel that they are hypocrites also considering that fact that Buddhism is widely spread in cultivation world whereby an evildoer can cultivate buddhis techniques and is now under the buddhist umbrella but still doing evil deed.
好吧，因为在有些人的观感中，他们就是伪君子，同时，考虑到佛教在修行界广泛传播的事实，为恶之人可以由此修炼佛教的法门，如今也在佛教的保护伞下得到了庇护，但仍然在做邪恶的事。
还有一个可能的原因是《西游记》的故事，它确凿地表明整个故事只是一出戏，目的是让佛教脱颖而出，让佛教比道教更受欢迎什么的。我这么说是因为，你可以在故事中看到，有多少次，作为佛派宠物的妖魔多次从“全能的佛”手中逃脱，大肆搞破坏，到最后，传播佛教的孙悟空派终究会解决这个问题，而那些妖魔只是被抓了回去，以“它们现在知错了”为借口，并没有因为自己干下的坏事而受到惩罚。你会发现，在这个故事中这种情况多次发生。
It was a foreign idea when introduced and Chinese at the time believed it competed with Daoism and Confucius. Foreign ideas scary!!!
它在被引入时是一种外国的思想，当时的中国人认为它会和道家和儒家竞争。外国思想老可怕了！！！
I mean, think about it. At the core of every martial art is that word "martial". Which means "things related to war, combat". Monks are known for their martials arts.
If shaolin monks spend a ton of time constantly practicing how to kill people, is that much of a surprise that they are generally ok with it?
我的意思是，你想想看。每种武术的核心都是“武”这个字，它的意思是，“与战争、战斗有关的东西”。僧人以其武术而闻名。
如果少林寺僧人花了大量的时间不断练习杀人技，那他们大体上能接受那些人有什么可奇怪的呢？
问题在于，在亚洲历史（尤其是中国史）中，佛教和僧人是以非常好战闻名的。他们发动过叛乱，还在军队中抗击土匪和侵略者。他们的战斗能力可不只是少数局外人整出来的偶发事件，而是某些寺院的创始神话和身份认同不可或缺的一部分。
Hypocrisy aside, read up on the classic wuxia novels, especially Jin Yong.
The martial world or jianghu has norms akin to the Western code of chivalry. Killing is fine if done in the name of righteousness e.g. protecting people, vanquishing evil. Shaolin belongs to the righteous faction and true to the Buddhist stereotypes, tends to be less bloodthirsty within the faction.
抛开虚伪不谈，可以去读一下经典武侠小说，特别是金庸的作品。
武林或江湖有类似于西方骑士精神的行为规范。如果是以正义的名义杀人就可以，比如保护民众、诛灭邪恶。少林派属于正派，而且，和对佛教的刻板印象相符的是：该派别内部往往没有那么嗜血。
King Kong Temple or any of the 金刚-named sects you find in novels is more morally ambiguous because in the Jin Yong novels, its core technique is outer martial arts stolen from Shaolin. And not only is the founding of the sect shady, the lack of the "inner" Shaolin stuff for training the heart implies a moral deficit among its disciples. The location of the sect in the foreign West also adds to the perception of them as a potential bad guy.
金刚派或是你在各种小说中发现的任何以“金刚”命名的门派，在道德层面都更为暧昧不明，因为在金庸小说中，其核心武技是从少林派偷来的外家功夫。而且，不仅该门派的创立过程不太光彩，还缺乏少林的“内功”来炼心，这就导致其弟子德行有亏。该门派位于域外西方，这也强化了世人对他们的认知，即“可能会使坏的家伙”。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Everything that everybody else has mentioned, plus the traditional distrust of "foreign religions." In Japan, in China, in the Korean kingdoms, Buddhism went through cycles of being popular with the kings and princes, or being persecuted or even outlawed for being foreign.
If one king was giving away mountains and lands for Buddhist monasteries, the next king was worrying about loss of revenues, or lawless monk-bandits.
Monks sleeping with married women, or monks living in decadent luxury, did occasionally happen. And if the monks were out of favor, they made great villains for stories.
其他人提到的所有原因，加上传统上对“外国宗教”的不信任。在日本，在中国，在朝鲜王国，佛教都经历过这样的周期：受到国王和王子欢迎，或是因为是外来的宗教而被迫害甚至取缔。
如果一个国王把山和土地出让给佛教寺庙，下一个国王就会担心收入的损失，或是无法无天的僧匪。
僧人和有夫之妇睡觉，或僧人过着堕落的奢靡生活，这种情况确实偶尔会发生。而且如果这些僧人失宠了，他们就会成为故事中的大反派。
Yeah and to be honest. I’d argue most of the hypocritical monks, aren’t truly monks and are instead using the Buddhist sects to have a chance to cultivate and live in a cultivation world. Since life without cultivation materials is rough.
是的，而且说实话。我会主张大部分虚伪的和尚都不是真和尚，而是在利用佛教门派，因为这样就有了修炼的机会，还能活在一个修炼的世界里。因为没有修炼材料的生活是很艰辛的。
而且只要你做的好事比坏事多，就仍然能享有神圣的佛教光环（像是那些杀了人或背负滔天罪孽的魔，为了在业力法则中得到好处而去做好事什么的）。不管是什么样的性格，还是可以允许他们保留“好”的佛家法门。此外，我记得在佛经中，有一个佛腐化了，堕落成魔（我不能百分之百确定这出自《老衲要还俗》，我也懒得去调查其真实性）。因此，如果连他们那些入了佛经的前辈和领袖都过不了这关，那么世人会堕入人之根性、邪恶和不完美，也就在意料之中了。这部分在一个优胜劣汰的世界里只会被强化，再加上为使情节令人信服而生发的小说逻辑，而更让人激动的是什么呢？背景中正常的和尚，或是身为宿敌的强大妖僧。(话虽如此，其实英勇的殉道僧人也可以很有趣，所以，也许也有中国社会规范带来的影响）。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
再加上我们大多数人并不是真的了解佛教的真实理念，也就不清楚他们是否虚伪，因为在西方，相比于基督教、犹太教和伊斯兰教，并没有详细教授过这方面的内容。
Nah.
The thing is that the central theme of many cultivation novels is the hypocrisy of the "righteous" path. And Buddhism is part of the righteous path, so they'll get treated the same. They aren't being singled out for it. You might well write "anyone notice how in most of the novels, righteous sects are antagonist to MC or corrupt".
不是的。
问题在于，很多修仙小说的中心主题就是“正道”的虚伪。而佛教是正道的一部分，所以他们也会得到同样的待遇。并不是把他们单独挑了出来。你完全可以这样措辞：“有没有人注意到，在大多数小说中，正义的门派都是和主角敌对的，或是腐败的”。
话虽如此，我读过的小说中有好几部，其中的佛教门派之低劣并不是什么秘密。通常情况下，主角自己就是该门派的成员，或者他那滑稽的帮手是。这也符合总的趋势。
It's the CN equivalent of JP isekais always ragging on 'the church'.
Probably due to historical resentment. Let's not forget how evil and corrupt religion was back then, these crimes amplified by their righteous hypocrisy.
Plus, it's funny when a defensive Buddhist dharma artifact which strikes back, goes 'Amitabha, I am generous' after its attack misses. (Night's Nomenclature)
这就相当于中国版的日本异世界小说，总会去指责“教会”。
可能是出于历史上的恩怨。我们不要忘记当时的宗教是多么邪恶和腐败，而这些罪行被他们貌似正义的虚伪放大了。
另外，当用某个防御性的佛教法器作出反击但失准了以后，会来上一句“阿弥陀佛，我大人有大量不与你计较” (出自《夜的命名术》)，可搞笑了。
Monks can't get girls so the protagonists can't be monks if you want the thirsty readers to get hooked.
If the protagonist is a Daoist and not Buddhist, then he naturally has one less thing in common with the Buddhist, so they are less likely to be on the same side. After they're done fighting together against external enemies like demons, they'll end up fighting with each other.
-和尚不能近女色，所以如果你想牢牢抓住饥渴的读者，主角就不能是和尚，。
-如果主角是道士而不是佛教徒，那么他自然就和佛教徒少了一个共同点，所以他们不太可能站在同一阵线上。在联手打完邪魔之类的外敌后，到最后他们自己就打起来了。
If the novel isn't nationalistic, then Buddhists are usually displayed as neutral/positive.
In 'normal' novels where the tropes are played straight, Buddhists are a reliable, but naggy ally against the demons and undead.
如果小说不沾带民族主义色彩，那么佛教徒通常会被呈现为中立/正面。
在“正常”的小说中，如果直接上这些套路，那么佛教徒在对抗邪魔和亡灵时会是一个可靠但唠唠叨叨的盟友。
Because unlike normal cultivators who only find their individual Path and Truths after being near immortal, buddhist cultivators start their cultivation itself looking straight at the Source. i.e. their own cultivation follows tried and tested Buddhism concepts. Of course this would lead them to slowly lose their of sense of self the higher they cultivate and all buddhist cultivators would have similar personalities to an extent.
因为与寻常的修行者（他们只有在快要修成正果时才会找到个人的道路和真理）不同，佛教修行者就是靠直视本源开启修行之路的。也就是说，他们的个人修行遵循的是久经考验的佛教理念。当然，随着修为的提升，这会导致他们慢慢失去自我意识，所有的佛教修行者在某种程度上都会有类似的个性。
This feels funny cause this kind of trick is something a demon would use.
所以，只要他们的个人理想不完全和教义冲突，任何人都可以被接受为佛教修行者。因此就有了这一重虚伪性。
感觉这一点还挺好笑的，因为这是那种邪魔会使用的伎俩。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In most novels those who become Buddhists are usually those who get brainwashed by the Buddhist mantras. So they still have their original personalities but serve the Buddha.
在大部分小说中，那些成为佛教徒的人通常是被佛教咒语洗脑的人。所以他们仍保有原来的个性，但侍奉的是佛祖。
I do think some of it comes from modern Chinese sentiments toward Buddhism
我是真觉得其中一部分原因，是现代中国人对佛教的观感。
To advance your cultivation means to walk over a sea of corpses.
提升修为，意味着要踏过尸山血海。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处