网友讨论：历史上中国人是如何抵御蒙古的？
How the Chinese Defended Against the Mongols - Medi DOCUMENTARY
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网友：钓鱼城之役是有史以来最传奇的围城战之一。钓鱼城位于蒙古入侵南宋的必经要道上，这座城池关乎整个南宋朝廷的安危。
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网友讨论：中国人是如何抵御蒙古的？
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Siege of Diaoyu Castle was one of the most legendary sieges of all time. Strategically positioned at where the Mongols have to pass during an invasion, it guards the fate of the entire Song dynasty.
钓鱼城之役是有史以来最传奇的围城战之一。钓鱼城位于蒙古入侵南宋的必经要道上，这座城池关乎整个南宋朝廷的安危。
Jia Sidao is not an important Song general but so many Song generals outshine him. For example:
1. Meng Gong who threw back the Mongol invasion attempt of 1235 by destroying 24 Mongol camps along the Yangtze river, with his counteroffensives retaking Xinyang, and Kuizhou
2. Dugao who defeated the Mongols in Luzhou
3. Wang Jian, Yu Jie, Cao Shixiong who improved the Mountain Fortresses built by Meng Gong and together repelled the second Mongol invasion attempt of 1258
And Jia Sidao was more of a politician, known for persecuting capable generals like Cao Shixiong.
贾似道不是一位重要的宋朝将领，有很多宋朝将领要比他更加厉害。
比如
1235年孟珙摧毁了长江沿岸24座蒙古大营，击退了蒙古的入侵企图。之后他又重新发动反攻夺回了信阳和夔州
在泸州击败了蒙古的杜杲
王坚，余玠和曹世雄改建了孟珙修建的山城，并且在1258年共同击退了蒙古的第二次入侵企图。
贾似道更多的是一个政治家，以迫害像曹世雄这样能力的将领而闻名。
ligdan khan's death only made (inner) southern mongols (inner) submit to manchu rule, but conquest of central mongols (khalkha) took almost a 50 years. later on, the conquest of western mongols (dzungar khanate) took more than a 100 years. main reason why mongols were defeated is that due to initial conflict between all 3 mongol states
林丹汗死后只有南蒙古接受了满人的统治，但满人征服蒙古中部（喀尔喀）又花了近50年的时间。最后又用了100多年的时间才征服西蒙古（准噶尔汗国）。蒙古被打败的主要原因是一开始蒙古三部之间就存在着争端
Same could be said for contemporary China (900-1200 AD)
Song Dynasty wanted all of China, but the Liao Dynasty (based in Manchuria) had the 16 prefectures that contained the Great Wall, making defending the Song's northern border almost impossible. Then the Liao Dynasty got overrun by the Jin Dynasty, while the Western Xia Dynasty carved out their own dominion in the northwest. All 3 were constantly vying for control before the "neighbour" in the north, the united Mongols, appeared and basically played on the Divide and Conquer strategy and overran all of them.
The history of empires is that their fall is always a combination of instability from within and pressure from without. No empire was an exception.
当时的中国同样也是如此（公元900年到1200年）。
宋朝想要统一全中国，但辽国占据了包括长城在内的燕云16州，这使得宋朝的北方边境几乎无法进行防守。后来辽国被金国征服，而西夏又在西北地区开疆拓土。这三个国家一直在争夺控制权，在北方蒙古统一后，他们对这三个国家采取了分而治之的策略，然后完成了对他们的征服。
历史表明帝国的衰落一直是内部不稳定和外部压力共同作用导致的。没有一个帝国例外。
Now you have to explain how the Yongle emperor could beat nomads!
现在你必须解释一下永乐皇帝是如何打败蒙古人的了
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The earlier campaigns he had success but I think the last few of his campaigns were duds tbh since the Mongols simply chose not to engage him
他早期发动的战役获得了成功，但说实话我认为他最后几次的战役是失败的，因为蒙古人选择避其锋芒，不与其进行交战。
骑马射箭
永乐皇帝的父亲在建立军队时获得了大量的蒙古马。著名的三千营是明军最早的骑兵部队，而这支部队是全部由蒙古人组成的。之后，越来越多的汉人也加入了这支骑兵部队。明朝的这支骑兵部队之后达到了10万之众。从朱元璋到永乐，这父子两代人一直在发动北伐。从华北到邻近的沙漠，再到蒙古高原，明军和蒙古人之间展开了十几场的战斗。基本上都是骑兵对骑兵。永乐皇帝之所以能够深入蒙古高原并战而胜之的原因是永乐皇帝拥有强大的骑兵部队。
Because the Yuan Dynasty turned a large amount of arable land into pastures, coupled with the overwhelming advantage of the Ming Dynasty's steel production, the Ming Army at that time actually had a powerful heavy cavalry unit
因为元朝将农田都变成了牧场，再加上明朝在钢铁生产上具有压倒性的优势，所以当时明朝拥有强大的重装骑兵部队。
China's greatest fears is a unified Mongolia, every few centuries the northern tribes uniting together always poses an existential crisis
中国最害怕的就是出现一个统一的蒙古，每隔几百年当北方部落统一后都会给他们带来生死存亡的危机。
But still low in population.
但他们的人口依然很少
Does Mongolia today have any intention of recovering ''inner Mongolia''?
今天的蒙古是否有收复内蒙古的意图
@Nathan China and Mongolia both agreed to recognise each others borders but the sentiment is there.
中国和蒙古都承认彼此的边界，但这种情绪是存在的
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Googane More Mongols live in China than in Mongolia
生活在中国的蒙古族的数量要比蒙古国多。
The era of barbarian horsemen ended when guns were invented. China doesn't give a damn about Mongolia nowadays.
当火枪被发明出来后，蛮族的骑兵时代就结束了。中国现在根本就不在乎蒙古
@N Factually incorrect, guns and gunpowder weapons were a thing way before Genghis Khan.
你说的其实并不正确，枪支和火药武器早在成吉思汗之前就已经存在了。
@Googane "guns and gunpowder weapons were a thing way before Genghis Khan" yes but it was early version and are ineffective against fast moving target like nomad horseman, that's also the main reason why China never really devoloped gunpower weapon, because gunpower weapon work best against infantry, but their main enemies are cavalry. Another reason was becasue Chinese city wall at this time is really thick and dense, most early cannon are ineffective against it, thus the Chinese see little reason to continue develope this new kind of weapon.
是的，但早期的枪支和火器对高速移动的骑兵部队起不了什么作用，这也是为什么中国从来没有真正发展过火器的原因，因为当时的火器对付步兵是最有效的，但中国的主要敌人是骑兵。而且中国当时的城墙非常的厚，早期大部分大炮对这些城墙根本不起作用，因此中国人没有理由去发展这种新式武器。
@Đức Anh Yes but in the reply he specifically said that when guns were invented the horseman era immediately ended. That wasn't even the case and cavalry wasn't obsolete until ww1, over a thousand years after the invention of gunpowder.
是的，但在回复中，他说枪支被发明出来后，骑兵时代立即就结束了，但事实并不是这样，直到第一次世界大战（也就是火药被发明1000多年后），骑兵才被淘汰。
@Googane he’s only partial wrong, the correct answer is the invention of machine gun put an end to the age of cavalry.
他只说对了一半，正确的说法应该是机枪的发明彻底结束了骑兵时代
In present Mongolia has 3 million population and China has more than 1 billion
目前蒙古只有300万人，而中国有十几亿人口
China's greatest fear wasn't unified Mongolia, as historical proved, Chinese Empire fought and almost always overcome united Empire based in Mongolia.
1)Han vs Xiongnu
2)Han/Cao Wei vs Xianbei
3)Bei Wei vs Rouruan
4) Sui/Tang vs Turks
5)Song/Jin/Liao/Xi Xia vs Mongols
6)Ming vs Northern Yuan/Oirats
7)Qing vs Mongols/Oirats
中国最害怕的不是统一的蒙古，历史证明，在和蒙古高原统一的草原帝国的战争中，中华帝国几乎总是能够取得胜利。
1汉朝VS匈奴
2汉朝/曹魏VS鲜卑
3北魏VS柔然
4隋唐VS突厥
5宋金辽西夏VS蒙古
6明朝VS北元/瓦剌
7清朝VS蒙古/瓦剌
What Chinese fear the most was the incompetent government coupled with massive civil war which make Chinese Empire weak and Chinese peoples suffer. The Chinese never fear the nomadic peoples, never ever. When Chinese Empire was strong, no unified nomadic regimes even powerful one can hope to defeat. Even the Northern Wei that barely occupied Northern China alone managed to defeat the powerful Rouruan Empire.
在这七次战争中，蒙古的统一政权只赢了一次，那就是在面对宋金辽西夏的时候，因为这些中国人数个世纪来一直在相互争斗。
中国人最害怕的是无能的政府和大规模的内战，这些东西会削弱中华帝国，并让老百姓陷入水深火热之中。中国人从来不害怕游牧民族。当中华帝国强盛的时候，没有一个统一的游牧政权（即便再强大）也没有希望击败中华帝国。即便是只占据了中国北方的北魏也成功击败了强大的柔然帝国。