器官捐献中隐藏的真相是什么?
What are some hidden truths of organ donations?
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Quora问答
有关器官捐献的不知道的事情
正文翻译
Sean Kernan
People assume that when you get an organ donation, the old organ is taken out like an old car part and replaced.
That’s not always the case. For example, with kidney transplants—they leave your bad kidneys in your body.
Your new transplanted kidney goes in your abdominal area. They reroute an artery to that kidney, where it then purifies your blood and sends liquid down to your bladder.
The cool thing about kidney transplants though—is that when people get them, they often feel quite a bit better right away.
My friend got one and she was like a new person almost immediately.
Also, please be an organ donor. You can’t take these parts with you.
人们想当然地认为，当你得到器官捐赠时，旧的器官会像旧汽车零件一样被取出替换。
但情况并非总是如此。例如，有时肾脏移植会把坏的肾脏留在体内。
你的新移植肾放置在你的腹部区域。他们改变了一条通往肾脏的动脉，在那里它会净化你的血液并把液体送到你的膀胱。
肾脏移植最酷的一点是，当人们接受移植时，他们通常会立刻感觉好多了。
我的朋友移植了一个，她几乎立刻就像换了一个人。
请成为器官捐赠者。你不能把这些零件带走。
People assume that when you get an organ donation, the old organ is taken out like an old car part and replaced.
That’s not always the case. For example, with kidney transplants—they leave your bad kidneys in your body.
Your new transplanted kidney goes in your abdominal area. They reroute an artery to that kidney, where it then purifies your blood and sends liquid down to your bladder.
The cool thing about kidney transplants though—is that when people get them, they often feel quite a bit better right away.
My friend got one and she was like a new person almost immediately.
Also, please be an organ donor. You can’t take these parts with you.
人们想当然地认为，当你得到器官捐赠时，旧的器官会像旧汽车零件一样被取出替换。
但情况并非总是如此。例如，有时肾脏移植会把坏的肾脏留在体内。
你的新移植肾放置在你的腹部区域。他们改变了一条通往肾脏的动脉，在那里它会净化你的血液并把液体送到你的膀胱。
肾脏移植最酷的一点是，当人们接受移植时，他们通常会立刻感觉好多了。
我的朋友移植了一个，她几乎立刻就像换了一个人。
请成为器官捐赠者。你不能把这些零件带走。
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原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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That’s an interesting fact, even we as doctors usually don’t know about it;
Removing the old native kidney is too risky requiring an extra unnecessary major operation, so it's only done if any severe issue is going on with the kidney or could cause a problem in the future.
这是一个有趣的事实，即使我们作为医生通常也不知道;
摘除老旧的原生肾脏风险太大，需要额外的不必要的大手术，所以只有在肾脏出现严重问题或可能在未来造成问题时才会进行手术。
I was thinking that, yeah. If the reason to remove is kidney cancer, for example, then it is going to have to be removed anyway (though that might represent a bleeding risk since kidneys receive A LOT of blood flow).
我是这么想的。例如，如果切除的原因是肾癌，那么无论如何它都必须切除(尽管这可能代表出血的风险，因为肾脏承担大量的血液流动工作)。
Well, I have heard living people donating one of their kidneys for their children or siblings. Why would doctors allow it of it's so dangerous? .
我听说过有人捐出一个肾脏给他们的孩子或兄弟姐妹。既然这么危险，为什么医生会允许呢?．
I think the word is “risky”, not “dangerous”. I know one guy who disallowed any of his relatives to give him another kidney, because he said he could not live with the knowledge, that a relative was paralyzed because of him (that’s one of the risks I understood, you need to cut uncomfortably close to the spine). He later acquired a kidney from a deceased person. When he got the info “we have a kidney for you, arrive immediately at hospital”. He also read in the newspaper four youngster had just died in a high speed car crash.
我认为这个词应该是“冒险的”，而不是“危险的”。我认识一个人，他不允许他的亲戚给他另一个肾，因为他说他无法忍受一个亲戚因为他而瘫痪(这是我所理解的风险之一，你需要剪得离脊柱很近，令人不安)。后来，他从一位死者那里获得了一个肾脏。当他得到消息“我们有一个肾脏给你，马上到医院”。他在报纸上看到四个孩子刚刚死于一场高速车祸。
A friend who is a transplant recipient said that also the diseased kidneys often still have some degree of function, so that's an added plus.
一位接受移植的朋友说，患病的肾脏通常还保留一定程度的功能，所以这是一个额外的好处。
I never knew they left the old kidney in there! But then the kidneys are hard to reach since they are at the very back of the human body, so I guess it makes sense. I plan on being an organ donor and donating all of my organs if I die early/once I die. My parents already signed their organ donation card, and I plan to as well, once this pandemic blows over.
我从不知道他们把旧肾留在那里了!不过肾脏很难到达，因为它们位于人体的最后面，所以我想这是讲得通的。我计划成为器官捐赠者，如果我早死/一旦我死了，我就捐献我所有的器官。我父母早已签了器官捐赠卡，等疫情过去，我也打算签了。
I might sell a kidney or two to afford the RTX 2080Ti.
我可能会卖一两个肾来买RTX 2080Ti。
Kidney removal is bloody and delicate procedure. Look at the artery where the organs attach. That’s a BIG artery. My guess is that main artery is about 1.5 to 2.5 inches in diameter.
肾脏切除是血腥且精细的手术。看看器官连接的动脉。那是一条大动脉。我猜主动脉的直径大概是1.5到2.5英寸。
That's not true in all kidney transplants.
I have an immediate family member with kidney disease who had both kidneys fail one at a time, and they were both necessarily removed after they failed. She received a transplant from her mother, but it was later rejected, so obviously that one had to be removed too.
A friend who passed had to have one removed after it failed too. I don't remember exactly why.
For over ten years she hasn't had any kidneys at all. Dialysis three times per week, but four per weeks if tests show it's necessary.
Kidneys fail for numerous reasons, it's wrong to assume that transplants of them are a one-size-fits-all operation for everyone. It would be appropriate to say that doctors sometimes add a third kidney to the body, not as a general statement implying all kidney transplants. I don't know the stats on how frequent that is, but my (albeit quite limited study size) experience it that out of the two people I know who had kindey transplants, both had the bad organ(s) removed.
并不是所有的肾脏移植都是这样。
我有一个直系亲属患有肾脏疾病，他的两个肾脏衰竭了一个，如果都衰竭了它们都必须被切除。她接受了她母亲的移植，但后来被排斥了，所以显然剩下的那个必须切除。
我的一位朋友也因为移植失败而不得不切除。我不记得具体原因了。
她已经有十多年没有肾脏了。她每周透析三次，如果检查显示有必要的话，每周透析四次。
肾脏衰竭的原因有很多，认为肾脏移植是适用于所有人的通用手术是错误的。可以恰当地说，医生有时会给身体添加第三个肾脏，而不适用于所有的肾脏移植。我不知道这种情况发生的频率有多高，但我的经验(尽管研究规模相当有限)是，在我认识的两名接受了善意移植的人中，都切除了不良器官。
Would having that extra kidney cause pain, since there’s more organs now in the abdomen?
Is eating a full meal harder after this procedure due to the fuller abdomen? I do know that kidneys aren’t super large, but still just curious.
多一个肾会引起疼痛吗，因为现在腹部有更多的器官了?
在这个手术后因为腹部更满，吃饱饭是不是更困难了?我知道肾脏不是超大的，但我还是很好奇。
No, and no- especially since the new kidneys are usually placed much lower, in the pelvic area. Not even anywhere near your stomach, and there is quite some space to put squishy organs in the body. You would not notice a thing.
不，也不——特别是因为新的肾脏通常放置在更低的盆腔区域。甚至连你的胃附近都没有，而且身体里还有相当大的空间可以放置黏糊糊的器官。你什么都不会注意到。
If I am an organ donor, and I have a rare blood type, and someone needs my organs urgently but can't find anywhere, won't I be at high risk to die under suspicious circumstances?
如果我是一个器官捐献者，我有一个罕见的血型，有人急需我的器官，但无处可寻，我在这样可疑的情况下不是有很高的死亡风险吗?
This is a really common joke/superstition. It isn’t grounded in reality though.
这是一个很常见的冷笑话/迷信。但它并不现实。
I don't know if these things happen in real life. But I saw a movie which was based on organ trafficking. The patients who come for normal check up or any illness are made to do several medical tests including blood tests.
They are followed by some Mafia and make an accident. As a passerby they rescue them and gets admitted to the hospital they have contacts in trading the organs. They either remove organs in the form saving their life or put them in ventilator support and take the permission of the family in proceeding with organ donation.
I have pledged my whole body itself. It's almost 8 years now. As I don't like visiting hospitals from childhood I don't know if these things are possible in real life or not.
我不知道这些事情在现实生活中是否会发生。但我看过一部关于器官买卖的电影。来做常规检查或任何疾病的病人都要做包括血液检查在内的多项医疗检查。
他们被一些黑手党跟踪，并制造了一场事故。作为一个路人，他们救了他们，并被送进了他们在器官交易中关联的医院。他们要么以挽救生命的形式切除器官，要么将其放入呼吸机中，然后征得家属的同意进行器官捐赠。
我已经把我的整个身体都抵押了。到现在已经快8年了。因为我从小就不喜欢去医院，我不知道这些事情在现实生活中是否可能发生。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Not really.
If someone desperate enough to consider murder would urgently need your organs, they’d probably forge your donation consent too. Or just bribe some medical staff to still harvest your organs and replace them with something that they have lying around that is no use to anyone. I mean, you are dead by then, who is going to notice the heart or kidneys are not yours.
不是真的。
如果有人绝望到想要谋杀，急需你的器官，他们可能也会伪造你的捐献同意书。或者贿赂一些医务人员，让他们继续切除你的器官，然后把它们替换成他们到处都是，对任何人都没用的东西。我是说，你那时已经死了，谁会注意到心脏或肾脏不是你的。
Probably, but here’s a more realistic scenario that’s just as worrisome.
You’re an organ donor. You get into an a serious accident, are transported to the nearest hospital and placed on life support. Your chances of survival are about 50/50. Your doctor is aware of another patient who desperately needs one of your organs, and also considers himself/herself to be a Good Samaritan who knows what’s right and what’s wrong. So, your doctor, in all their virtue and wisdom, gets to convincing your next of kin that your chances of survival are not in fact fifty-fifty, but closer to one in a thousand.
也许吧，但还有一种更现实的情况同样令人担忧。
你是器官捐赠者。你遇到了严重的事故，被送往最近的医院，接受生命维持系统的治疗。你活下来的机会大概是一半对一半。你的医生知道另一个病人迫切需要你的器官，他/她也认为自己是一个好心人，知道什么是对，什么是错。所以，你的医生，用他们所有的美德和智慧，说服你的近亲你的存活几率不是50%，而是接近千分之一。