QA问答：大多数科幻小说都存在什么错误？

Dylan Owens
Zombies.
You have any idea how fucking ridiculous zombies are?
The basic premise:
A disease infects a human, and takes over their body. The disease makes them hungry for human flesh and/or brains. It also makes their body degenerate and rot.
So far, so good. Everything there is actually plausible. Seriously.
Mind control diseases exist. This is a fungus that infects ants and takes over its body to do its bidding. Those ants are by definition, zombies.
And diseases that make human flesh rot certainly exist. It’s not a huge stretch to combine a mind control and rotting flesh disease. At this point, still totally plausible.
The science fiction fuckery comes after the human is infected.
Humans have these 6 nifty body systems. They all work together and keep you alive and functioning. But do you know what happens if even one of them fails?

丧尸。
你知道丧尸有多可笑吗？
基本前提：
一种病毒感染了一个人，并占据了他们的身体。这种病毒让他们渴望人肉和/或大脑。病毒也会使它们的身体退化和腐烂。
到目前为止，一切都没有问题。一切都是可信的。认真地。
精神控制类病毒的确存在。这是一种真菌，它会感染蚂蚁，并接管蚂蚁的身体。根据定义，这些蚂蚁是丧尸。

而使人肉腐烂的病毒当然存在。把精神控制和腐烂肉体的病毒结合起来并不是一个大问题。在这一点上，仍然完全合理。
科幻小说中扯淡的问题是发生在人类被感染之后。
人类有这6个漂亮的身体系统。它们共同工作，让你保持活力和功能。但是，你知道如果其中一个失效了会发生什么吗？

You fucking die.
A disease doesn’t make you invincible. You’re still a living organism. The phrase “walking dead” is some mighty fine bullshit. You can’t walk if you’re dead. You’re fucking dead.
Once one of those systems up there fails, the party’s over. You die, and turn into a sack of skin laying in the dirt.
There’s no halfway point. If one system fails, so do the rest.
Zombies still need food, water, and rest. If they don’t get it, they turn into a sack of skin and bones laying in the dirt.
They puncture a lung, they can’t breathe, and turn into a sack of skin and bones laying in the dirt.
They tear a muscle, they can’t move, die of dehydration, and turn into a sack of skin and bones laying in the dirt.
If they get a small cut, they get whatever myriad of diseases, they turn into a sack of skin and bones laying in the dirt.
If they get a cut, and bleed too much, they die, and turn into a sack of skin and bone laying in the dirt.

你他妈的会死。
病毒并不能让你无敌。你还是一个活着的有机体。“行尸走肉”这句话是很好的废话。如果你死了就不能走路。你他妈的死了。
一旦上面的一个系统出现故障，派对就结束了。你死了，变成了躺在土里的一袋皮。
没有中间节点。如果一个系统出现故障，其他系统也会出现故障。
丧尸仍然需要食物、水和休息。如果他们得不到，他们就会变成一袋皮肤和骨头躺在泥土里。
它们被刺穿肺部，无法呼吸，变成一袋皮肤和骨头躺在泥土里。
它们被撕裂肌肉，无法移动，脱水而死，变成一袋皮肤和骨头躺在泥土里。
如果他们被割了一小口，就会患上各种各样的疾病，他们就会变成一袋皮肤和骨头，躺在泥土里。
如果它们被割伤，流血过多，就会死亡，变成一袋皮肤和骨头埋在泥土里。

Zombies are basically newborn babies in terms of health. They’re too dumb to understand their health, and totally incapable of helping themselves if they do get injured.
And on top of it all, they have a built-in flesh eating disease that will fuck them up faster than you can say “The concept of zombies is super dumb.”
Afterall, who the fuck thought it was a good idea to add an incredibly deadly disease to an already completely helpless victim?
In a real life zombie apocalypse, the vast majority of infected people would die in a couple days from the flesh eating disease. Those who survived that, would die of dehydration.
Anyone left, would probably trip down a hill, get a small cut, and bleed out because they’re too stupid to perform basic first aid.
Sorry Rick. Zombies are just plain stupid.

就健康状态而言，丧尸基本上是新生婴儿。他们太笨了，无法理解自己的健康状况，如果真的受伤了，他们完全无法自救。
最重要的是，它们有一种天生的食肉病，在你说“丧尸的概念超级愚蠢”之前，食肉病会更快地把丧尸搞砸。
毕竟，谁他妈的认为把一种令人难以置信的致命病毒加到一个已经完全无助的受害者身上是个好主意？
如果僵尸启示录发生在现实生活中，绝大多数感染者将在几天内死于食肉病。那些幸存下来的人会死于脱水。
任何离开的人都可能会从山上绊倒，被割伤，流血不止，因为他们太笨了，无法进行基本的急救。
对不起，Rick（《行尸走肉》的主人公）。丧尸这主意简直是愚蠢透顶。

Xane Feng
The one thing most science fiction gets wrong, and what a lot of answers here also get wrong, is scale.
First, the most egregious:

大多数科幻小说都有一个错误，这里的很多答案也错了，那就是规模。
首先，最令人震惊的是：
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Spaceships flying so close to each other.
Space is vast, incredibly, almost unfathomably vast. On our tiny speck of a planet, modern naval fleets operate in such a spread out formation, that individual ships cannot see each other visually. So why the hell would space fleets be bunched together like that? The only answer is because it makes a better visual than showing a black screen with a few near-invisible pixels.
Still, a lot of sci-fi settings forget about this, and have their space ships collide with each other. In Starcraft 2, for example, we see Terran battlecruisers crashing into each other after they’re hit by the zerg.

太空飞船飞得如此之近。
太空是巨大的，难以想象的，几乎是无法测量的。在我们这个小小的星球上，现代海军舰队以如此分散的队形作战，以至于各个舰艇几乎无法用肉眼看到彼此。那么，为什么太空舰队会像这样被捆绑在一起呢？唯一的答案是因为它比显示带有几个几乎看不见像素的黑屏更具视觉效果。
尽管如此，许多科幻场景还是忘记了这一点，让他们的太空飞船相互碰撞。例如，在《星际争霸2》中，我们看到人族战列巡洋舰被虫族击中后互相碰撞。

Second, numbers.
In Warhammer 40k, there are 1 million Space Marines patrolling the Imperium of Man, an empire that spans the entire Milky Way galaxy.
There are 250 billion stars (+/- 150 billion) in the Milky Way. If only 0.01% of them have inhabitable planets colonized by the Imperium, that’s 25 million inhabitable solar systems! How can a mere 1 million Astartes possibly defend that many planets?
In Stargate, the entire might of a Goa’uld system lord consists of maybe a couple of ha’taks and a few hundred to a few thousand Jaffa. Think about that for a moment. A system lord controls multiple inhabitable planets. Add up the military forces of every country on Earth, and that’s just one planet! Even if we take into account that most Goa’uld planets have a medi level of civilization, that is still a gross underestimate of available military power!

第二，数字。
在战锤40k中，有100万名太空士兵在人类帝国巡逻，这是一个横跨整个银河系的帝国。
银河系中有2500亿颗恒星（+/-1500亿颗）。如果只有0.01%的行星被帝国殖民，那就是2500万个可居住的太阳系！仅仅100万星际战士怎么可能保卫这么多行星？
在《星际之门》中，Goa'uld系统领主的全部力量可能由几个ha'tak和几百到几千个Jaffa组成。想一想。系统领主控制着多个可居住的行星。把地球上每个国家的军事力量加起来，这只是一个星球的力量！即使我们考虑到大多数Goa’uld星球都只有中世纪的文明水平，这仍然是对可用军事力量的严重低估！
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Third, cultural diversity.
Think Star Trek. On average, how many cultures does Kirk encounter per alien planet? One. Now think about how many different cultures exist on our planet.
Why do ALL klingons, an empire that spans dozens of solar systems, have the same warrior culture? Hell, why does even the Starfleet have such a uniform culture?
Star Wars is better, but even then grossly over represents the human species. Think about how many Jedi are human and how many are not. Logically, for a galaxy-spanning civilization, humans should account for a tiny percentage of Jedis, and that would already place them in a prominent position. That about 50% of Jedis are human means either humans are some kind of Jedi master race, or the Jedi academy has serious racial (speciesial?) discrimination problems.
Fourth, planet-destroying weapons.

第三，文化多样性。
想想《星际迷航》吧。平均而言， 柯克 在每个外星星球上会遇到多少种文化？现在想想我们这个星球上有多少不同的文化。
为什么所有的克林贡人，一个跨越数十个太阳系的帝国的种族，都有同样的战士文化？该死，为什么连星际舰队都有这么统一的文化？
《星球大战》好一些，但即便如此，它也严重过度代表了人类物种。想想有多少绝地武士是人类，有多少不是。从逻辑上讲，对于一个跨越银河系的文明来说，人类应该占绝地武士的一小部分，而这已经是将他们置于显赫地位。大约50%的绝地武士是人类，这意味着要么人类是某种绝地大师种族，要么绝地学院有严重的种族歧视问题。

A single, manhattan-sized asteroid could probably wipe all life from Earth. A million such asteroids would not be able to destroy the planet itself.
So the question is, why the hell would anyone bother with physically destroying a planet, when it would be so much easier to just wipe out all surface life?

第四，毁灭地球的武器。
一颗曼哈顿大小的小行星可能会把地球上的所有生命都抹去。但即使一百万颗这样的小行星也将无法摧毁地球本身。
所以问题是，为什么有人会费心物理摧毁一个星球，而不是仅仅消灭所有地表生物，这样不是容易得多？

Gregg Eshelman
The size of planets. Earth and planets like it, of similar size, are HUGE. They have massive amounts of surface area.
Yet time after time in science fiction, in visual and print, they get it laughably wrong on population density. There have been many depictions of planets totally covered with buildings, always super tall or with the entire world covered with what amounts to solid, continuous building. For example, Trantor, the galactic capital in Isaac Asimov’s “Foundation” series.
Utterly, horrifically, wrong on every level.

行星的大小。地球和类似大小的行星都很庞大。它们有大量的表面积。
然而，在科幻小说、影视作品和印刷作品中，他们一次又一次地搞错了人口密度。有很多关于行星被建筑物完全覆盖的描述，建筑物总是超高的，或者整个世界被坚固的、连续的建筑物所覆盖。例如，艾萨克·阿西莫夫的“基地”系列中的银河之都特兰托。
可怕的是，在各个层面上都是错误的。

Tomaž Vargazon
The enormous ease of a galaxy-wide government.
Consider our own predicament here on Earth. We have local and national governments and larger countries have something in between, like federal states, subjects or provinces. To unify an entire continent you need another layer of government (EU is a prime example) and to unify a planet you need another layer on top of that.
Then you’d need one more layer just to govern a colonized, developed star sytem, one more to administer a cluster of star systems and another two layers or more before you can hope to reach the pinnacle, the Emperor or what have you.

银河系政府的管理也太容易了。
想想我们在地球上的困境。我们有地方政府和国家政府，而更大的国家也有介于两者之间的东西，比如联邦州、州或省。要统一整个大陆，你需要另一层政府（欧盟是一个重要例子），而要统一一个星球，你需要在这之上再加一层政府。
然后，你需要再多一层政府，来管理其他的外星殖民地的、发达的恒星系统，再多一层去管理一个恒星系统集群，再加上两层或更多层，你才能达到顶峰，像皇帝一样，拥有一切。

Angelo Mordasini
Alien planets: for some reason, sci-fi believes that if there is liquid water, then OF COURSE life will be there. they hardly take into account millions of other factors that could make a planet completely unlivable. “the earth is gone to bits, but luckily we found a planet which is about as far from the sun, rocky and with water so we can live on it”. no way, it’s not that easy at all.
Space warfare: why in hell, with such technology, people are still supposed to aim by hands? modern aircraft already have automatic aiming equipment, why can’t ships?
Aliens: while some movies do make an effort to be original, most of sci-fi is awfully locked on humanoid aliens. there is an infinite number of evolutionary possibilities and infinite conditions for life. why would a species develop with the same number of limbs and the same number and kind of sense organs? even concepts as simple as “mouth” are not to be granted at all when speaking about an alien.
Space travel: for some reason, traveling from anywhere to anywhere else always takes a couple hours tops. at lightspeed, a couple hours would not even lead us outside of our solar system. space is huge. even at a speed of 100 times the speed of light, reaching the nearest star would take weeks.
Communication: yeah, radios and satellites work well. but how come that people in sci-fi movies can talk like if they were on the phone while at lightyears of distance? signal would need to travel from hours to hundreds of thousands of years across a number of disturbances of any kind before reaching the receiver. no way it would be direct. and fast enough for a conversation. maybe on extremely close ranges. but even moving the mars rover requires about 30 minutes of delay, with big amounts of time in which the channel is obstructed.

1、外星行星：出于某种原因，科幻小说认为，如果有液态水，那么生命必然会存在。他们几乎没有考虑到数百万其他因素，这些因素可能会使一个星球完全无法生存。“地球已经支离破碎，但幸运的是，我们发现了一颗离太阳差不多远的行星，岩石密布，有水，我们可以在上面生活”。不可能，这一点都不容易。
2、太空战：为什么当技术达到了那样的地步，人们仍然要用手瞄准？现代飞机已经有了自动瞄准设备，为什么飞船不能呢？
3、外星人：虽然有些电影确实力求原创，但大部分科幻电影都紧紧围绕着人形外星人。生命有无限的进化可能和无限的条件。为什么一个物种会发展出相同数量的四肢和相同数量和种类的感觉器官？在谈论外星人时，即使是像“嘴”这样简单的概念也根本不应该。
4、太空旅行：出于某种原因，从任何地方到任何其他地方旅行都需要几个小时。在光速下，几个小时甚至无法将我们带出太阳系。空间很大。即使以100倍于光速的速度，到达最近的恒星也需要数周的时间。
5、通讯：是的，无线电和卫星工作得很好。但是，科幻电影中的人们在光年之外通话，怎么能像打电话一样呢？信号在到达接收器之前，需要经过数小时到数十万年的时间，跨越各种干扰。不可能是直接的。而且足够快，可以进行对话。可能在非常近的范围内。但即使是移动火星车也需要大约30分钟的延迟时间，其中通道被阻塞的时间非常长。

Harlan Williams
Stasis.
Last year I had to go in for a colon screening. Prior to the procedure, I had to drink two quarts of a powerful laxative solution, and could only eat clear liquids (jello, broth) for two days before.
It seems to me that people about to be put to sleep for a long space journey should have to make the same preparations; you can't let that waste just sit in your system. On top of that just because you are asleep doesn't mean you don't have to wee…you never see anyone put on a urinary catheter in these space pods--they just pop in, close their eyes and they're out. Not realistic.
Upon arrival, people should need to do some grooming. Your hair and nails will continue to grow--you could have some serious talons and gargoyle feet by the time you get there. And I mean ALL your hair. Everything will need some landscaping.

静止状态。
去年我不得不去做结肠筛查。手术前，我必须喝两夸脱强力泻药，之前两天只能吃液体（果冻、肉汤）。
在我看来，人们在漫长的太空旅行中即将入睡，也应该做同样的准备；你不能让排泄物留在你的身体里。最重要的是，仅仅因为你睡着了，并不意味着你不必尿尿……你从来没有看到任何人在这些太空舱里插上导尿管——他们只是突然进来，闭上眼睛，然后就出来了。不现实。
到达后，人们应该需要做一些美容。你的头发和指甲会继续长——你到那里的时候可能会有一些危险的爪子和滴水兽脚。还有你的头发。一切都需要打理一下。