为什么新西兰的生活成本很高？
Why is it expensive to live in New Zealand？
译文简介
网友：新西兰的生活成本如此之高，有几个原因。规模经济，我们只有500万人口，没有像英国或美国这样的购买力，因此我们最终要为每件商品支付更多的费用。地理位置孤立，在世界各地运输货物需要花费大量资金，而且距离其他地方很远，这意味着我们比大多数人支付更多的运输费用.......
正文翻译
Why is it expensive to live in New Zealand？
为什么新西兰的生活成本很高？
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There are several factors as to why the cost of living in New Zealand is so high.
Economics of scale, with only five million people we don’t have the same level of buying power as countries like the UK or US so we end up paying more per unit of goods.
Geographic isolation, it costs money to move goods around the world and been a long way from everywhere else means we pay more for transportation than most. I work for an importer and the cost of getting a container from Europe to New Zealand has trebled over the last 12 months!
Profiteering, some industries such as fuel companies, banks and supermarkets are effectively operating as a cartel and screwing over the public big time. The government is trying to deal with this problem but to date it appears that any changes made by the industries involved are purely cosmetic.
Government subsidies, back in the 1970s stuff like electricity and milk were subisidised by the government, then in the 1980s the government went totally free market and removed all those subsidies, so we’re paying the market rate. Or we should be, when the price of milk goes down internationally, Fonterra likes to hike it domestically in order to keep it’s profit margins looking good.
新西兰的生活成本如此之高，有几个原因。
规模经济，我们只有500万人口，没有像英国或美国这样的购买力，因此我们最终要为每件商品支付更多的费用。
地理位置孤立，在世界各地运输货物需要花费大量资金，而且距离其他地方很远，这意味着我们比大多数人支付更多的运输费用。我在一家进口商工作，在过去12个月里，从欧洲到新西兰的集装箱成本增加了三倍！
为了牟利，一些行业，如燃料公司、银行和超市，实际上是作为一个卡特尔（垄断联盟）运作的，欺骗公众。政府正试图解决这个问题，但迄今为止，有关行业所作的任何改变似乎都只是表面功夫。
政府补贴，早在20世纪70年代，电力和牛奶之类的东西就由政府补贴，然后在20世纪80年代，政府完全进入自由市场，取消了所有补贴，所以我们按照市场价格支付。或者，当牛奶价格在国际上下跌时，恒天然集团喜欢在国内提高价格，以保持良好的利润率。
Its no more expensive to live in NZ than it is in other first World economies… compared to third world economies it is extremely expensive so judging externally if you come from a third World country without the level of pay in NZ of course it appears prohibitive, Tax is not massive in NZ and some things such less expensive than he UK for example. Its difficult to make exact comparisons. Just recently due to world issues and the inflationary cycle costs have increased but again this is the same everywhere.
在新西兰生活并不比在其他第一世界经济体更昂贵。与第三世界经济体相比，这是非常昂贵的，所以从外部判断，如果你来自第三世界国家，而新西兰的工资水平却不高，这当然显得令人望而却步。很难进行准确的比较。就在最近，由于世界问题和通货膨胀周期的影响，成本增加了，但这在所有地方都是一样的。
Is living in New Zealand expensive?
People say it is.
However, I have compared prices in other countries related to incomes and have found New Zealand to be no more expensive than other countries.
For example, the average grocery shop spend in the UK is around the same as in New Zealand.
So yes, living is expensive in New Zealand. However, living is expensive all over the world and there are plenty of countries where it is much more expensive to live than New Zealand.
Remember, you can’t just compare the price of things only between countries. You have to compare them relative to incomes. For example cost less in dollars in the USA but wages are also way lower in the USA than in New Zealand.
The thing is nowhere in this world is cheap to live. Relative to incomes everywhere is expensive to live.
在新西兰生活成本贵吗?
人们说是的。
然而，我比较了其他国家与收入相关的价格，发现新西兰的价格并不比其他国家高。
例如，英国杂货店的平均花费和新西兰差不多。
是的，新西兰的生活很贵。然而，世界各地的生活成本都很高，有很多国家的生活成本比新西兰高得多。
记住，你不能只在国家之间比较商品的价格。你必须将它们与收入进行比较。例如，美国的美元成本更低，但美国的工资也比新西兰低。
问题是，世界上没有任何地方的生活成本是便宜的。相对于收入，世界各地的生活成本都很高。
The last trip I did back to New Zealand was 18 months ago, and I was quite shocked at the price of everthing. I told myself it could be Ive been living in South East Asia too long and maybe Ive had just forgotten
How did the cost of living become so high in New Zealand?
In the Late 1980s and into the 1990s a series of events occured in New Zealand that had a material impact on the cost of each and every goods and service you purchase today.
Among these events were: the introduction of the Resource Management Act. The Accident Compensation Commission funding analysis and The Leaky Buildings issue. Each of these events has lead to changes in the way New Zealand does anything, and those changes, in most parts has taken on a life of its own.
First off New Zealand managed to inflate the value of houses not only by allowing speculative investment from Asia. They also inflated the cost of construction by regulation. Over a few decades they managed to inflate the cost of construction and value of homes to one of the most expensive in the world.
我上次回新西兰是18个月前，所有东西的价格都让我很震惊。我告诉自己，可能是我在东南亚住得太久了，也许我只是忘了
新西兰的生活成本是怎么变得这么高的?
20世纪80年代末到90年代初，新西兰发生了一系列事件，对你现在购买的每一件商品和服务的成本产生了重大影响。
这些事件包括:《资源管理法》的出台。事故赔偿委员会资金分析和漏水建筑物问题。每一个事件都改变了新西兰做事的方式，在大多数情况下，这些变化都有自己的特点。
首先，新西兰不仅通过允许来自亚洲的投机投资，还成功地提高了房价。他们还通过监管提高了建筑成本。在几十年的时间里，他们成功地将建筑成本和住房价值推高到世界上最昂贵的城市之一。
The cost of compliance
New Zealand is a Nanny state and a cotton wool country, where I say “cotton wool” is because that is what the government try to wrap the population in. New Zealand is a country with both a public health system, and an Accident compensation system. On top of that its a welfare state with benefits available for things like sickness and unemployment . Therefore any member of the public suffering an injury accident may impose a cost on one, if not all three of those systems.
To mitigate these liabilities, in the late 80′s, early 90s the New Zealand embarked on a number of strategies. The first, through a series of legislative amendments an introductions began identifying third party liability, and wrapping the public in cotton wool. The Health and Safety at Work Act. The Gas Act, the Electricity Act, the Land Transport Act, the Building Act. The Swimming Pool Fences Act - and the list goes on and on.
我们最大的一项资产的价值如何影响生活成本? 当然有，但也要记住，建筑成本不仅仅是私人住宅，商业建筑也是如此。
合规成本
新西兰是一个保姆国家，也是一个“棉絮国家”，我说“棉絮”是因为它试图把人们包裹在棉絮里。新西兰是一个既有公共卫生系统，又有事故赔偿系统的国家。最重要的是，它是一个福利国家，为疾病和失业等问题提供福利。因此，任何遭受伤害事故的公众都可能对其中一个系统 (如果不是所有三个系统) 施加成本。
为了减轻这些负债，新西兰在20世纪80年代末90年代初采取了一些策略。第一，通过一系列的立法修正案，开始确定第三方责任，并将公众包裹在棉絮里。《工作场所健康与安全法》、《燃气法》、《电力法》、《陆路运输法》、《建筑法》、《游泳池围栏法案》——这样的法案不胜枚举。
The main culprits have been the RMA and ACC, and it became apparent that the strategies introduced in the 1990′s weren't having the desired effect. In 2009 ACC posted a $4.8 billion loss, recorded as the biggest loss in New Zealands corporate history. With each and every loss the answer was to turn the screws on OHS requirements even further. Make the public safer. Don't allow them to take risk. Wrap them in cotton wool.
You cannot have a swimming pool without a regulation fence around it. You cannot ride a bicycle without wearing a helmet. You cannot undertake minor tasks around your workplace without a health and safety procedure. A home handyman can no longer undertake minor repairs and renovations on his home.
Think of the OHS and other compliance cost involved in the manufacture, distribution and sale of a single bag of frozen peas. The OHS compliance cost growing the vegetable, the hazardous substance handling of chemicals and fertilizers. The heavy machinery operation in picking the vegetables. The facility to process and pack the vegetables. The transportation to distribution, the OHS compliance in distribution, further transport, the OHS compliance in retail. Then add to that the cost of every building involved along the way.
If you're a fan of Warren Buffet you’ll be familiar with his excitement over “compound interest” in investments. Well the cost of compliance works the same way, it's “compound compliance costs” New Zealand is a country that has excessive regulation, and a country that just adds to the regulation every year. The cost of compliance is a major reason the cost of living is so high!
新西兰在20世纪90年代修订或引入的法律的涓滴效应成本是2019年该国生活成本如此之高的一个主要原因
主要罪魁祸首是新西兰资源管理法(RMA)和意外事故伤害赔偿局(ACC)，很明显，20世纪90年代引入的战略并没有达到预期的效果。2009年，ACC公布了48亿美元的亏损，这是新西兰企业历史上最大的亏损。面对每一次损失，答案是进一步加大对职业健康和安全的要求。让公众更安全。不要让他们冒险。用棉絮把它们包起来。
如果游泳池周围没有监管围栏，就不能有游泳池。你不戴头盔就不能骑自行车。在没有健康和安全程序的情况下，你不能在工作场所周围从事琐碎的工作。家庭杂工不能再对他的家进行小修翻新了。
想想生产、分销和销售一袋冷冻豌豆所涉及的职业健康安全管理体系（OHS）和其他合规成本。OHS合规成本包括种植蔬菜、化学品和肥料的有害物质处理。采摘蔬菜时的重型机械操作。加工和包装蔬菜的设备。从运输到分销，分销过程中的职业安全合规，再到运输，零售过程中的职业安全合规。再加上沿途每座建筑的成本。
如果你是沃伦·巴菲特的粉丝，你就会熟悉他对投资“复利”的兴奋。合规成本也是一样的，它是“复合合规成本”，新西兰是一个监管过度的国家，而且每年都会增加监管。合规成本是生活成本如此之高的主要原因！
A major part of the problem is that New Zealand — like many Western economies — allowed house prices to take off. Capital gain in New Zealand is the only “income" that is untaxed. People with more money than they need to live on, have been putting that money into property — particularly residential property. Consequently, house prices have escalated, rents are at a ridiculous level. Mortgages have continued at historically low levels so house prices have gone up further. For many families, whether renting or paying mortgages, are often paying sixty or seventy percent of their income for a roof over their heads. The country needs to build more houses — not 200+ square metre mansions — but houses that ordinary people can afford to live in.
If housing costs could be reduced then other costs would come back in balance.
主要问题在于，新西兰像许多西方经济体一样允许房价飙升。新西兰的资本收益是唯一不征税的“收入”。有钱的人把钱花在了房地产上，尤其是住宅上。
因此，房价上涨，租金处于荒谬的水平。抵押贷款持续处于历史最低水平，因此房价进一步上涨。对于许多家庭来说，无论是租房还是支付抵押贷款，通常都要花费他们收入的60%或70%来买房。这个国家需要建造更多的房子——不是200多平方米的豪宅——而是普通人能住得起的房子。
如果住房成本可以降低，那么其他成本就会恢复平衡。
NZ is quite isolated from the US and Europe, the biggest manufacturers of quality goods and resources
NZ does not produce anything of substance, instead they are reliant on foreign trade
NZ has a 15% GST
NZ banks lend willy nilly so house prices are outrages
NZ is one of the few developed countries with no capital gains tax. Lots of ultra wealthy folk flock to NZ and raise demand for goods in the process
NZ’ers are happy with high prices and put up with them without opposition
新西兰与美国和欧洲隔绝，而美国和欧洲是优质商品和资源的最大制造商
新西兰不生产任何实质性产品，相反，他们依赖对外贸易
新西兰的消费税为15%
新西兰银行随意放贷，所以房价离谱
新西兰是少数几个不征收资本利得税的发达国家之一。很多超级富豪涌入新西兰，在这个过程中提高了对商品的需求
新西兰人对高物价很满意，而且没有反对意见
New Zealand is an expensive place to live in. The average house now costs over half a million dollars, and to rent can cost more than weekly home mortgage repayments. The weekly supermarket shop may be close to $600 a week for a big family, petrol is $1.85 a litre, and in the winter your electricity bill may be more than $400 a month in spite of an abundance of cheap ( to produce) hydro power. In the cities, the Rates bill may be around $600 a month. New Zealand is not a cheap place to live in.
新西兰是一个生活成本很高的地方。现在普通的房子价格超过50万美元，租金可能比每周的房屋抵押贷款还多。对于一个大家庭来说，每周超市购物可能接近每周600美元，汽油是每升1.85美元，而在冬季，尽管有大量廉价的(生产)水力发电，你的电费可能超过每月400美元。在城市里，房租账单可能是每月600美元左右。新西兰的生活成本并不低。
It became so high as a result of the things that have happened also in Australia … where I spend some good amount of my time !
And it was / is .. excessive immigration without having facilities to accommodate said immigrants .
It’s the simple equation of supply and demand … i.e if you swamp a country with an excessive amount of immigrants without building the infrastructure to house them —-that equals a shortage of housing which means people pay more for what housing is available !
Supply and demand … pure and simple !
And when you add to that many people coming from overseas and have lots of cash, or have local banks prepared to offer them outrageously cheap loans and said people from “ overseas” ….. i.e . places like Hong Kong and others , who are prepared to pay far above local prices just to have a home ….
它变得如此之高，是因为在澳大利亚也发生了一些事情，我在那里度过了很长一段时间!
而且，过去/现在……移民过多，没有设施容纳这些移民。
这是一个简单的供需平衡，也就是说，如果一个国家有过多的移民，却没有为他们建造住房基础设施，这就意味着住房短缺，这意味着人们要为现有的住房支付更多的费用！
供给和需求，简单明了!
再加上这么多来自海外、拥有大量现金的人，或者当地银行准备向他们提供极其廉价的贷款，并称他们来自“海外”，即香港和其他地方，他们准备支付远高于当地的价格，只是为了有一个家…。
Real estate prices rise , so do shop rents , shop rents rise , so do the prices shops charge to their customers and on and on !
And that large influx of immigrants want access to the health system and schooling , and the language skills aren’t great and so the publicly funded Welfare system , to which they have never donated to , that gets shot to pieces and so more money is channeled into that which normally could be spent elsewhere …
Which drags down the normal quality of public funded social services and then that becomes a shortage of doctors and less hospital beds , so the average ‘quality of life ‘ dips and on and on …
So in recent years we can point the extreme rises in cost of living in New Zealand , and the drag on Social Services down to far too large an influx of immigrants in far too short a time!
Supply and demand … and basic mathmatics !
猜猜看，突然间，“外国人”的出价大大超过了当地人，这就造成了房地产价格上涨的“泡沫”，并产生了连锁反应，导致各地的房价上涨！
房地产价格上涨，商店租金上涨，商店向顾客收取的价格也上涨，等等!
大量涌入的移民想要获得医疗系统和学校教育的机会，而他们的语言技能并不好，因此他们从未捐献过的公共资助的福利系统被炸成碎片，因此更多的钱被投入到通常可以在其他地方花费的资金中…
这拉低了公共资助的社会服务的正常质量，然后变成了医生短缺和医院床位减少，所以平均“生活质量”下降，等等
因此，近几年来，我们可以将新西兰生活成本的极端上升和社会服务的拖累归结为在短时间内大量移民涌入！
供给和需求，以及基础数学!
The cost of living has always been high here. More recently the cost of housing has gone up, but that’s already been covered.
For a country that produces a lot of food, it has never been cheap, but it’s not like the growers of the food are making much money either. The real question is how do other countries produce food so cheap, is it subsidies, lower compliance costs, more use of GMOs?
As for other stuff, we are a small market far away from major manufactures, of course it costs more here. Although, compared to when I was a kid and everyone who went overseas would come back with some new electronic device, the price difference now is much less than what it use to be.
One exception would be used cars, they are probably cheaper here than just about any other country. The import of cheap, good quality used Japanese cars has meant that even NZ new cars don’t hold their value for long, so it’s easy for people here to buy a quite modern car for not too much.
这里的生活成本一直很高。最近，住房成本上涨了，但这已经被弥补了。
对于一个生产大量食物的国家来说，它的价格从来都不便宜，但粮食种植者也不可能赚到很多钱。真正的问题是，其他国家是如何生产如此廉价的食品的? 是补贴、更低的合规成本，还是更多地使用转基因生物?
至于其他的东西，我们是一个小市场，远离主要的制造商，当然在这里成本更高。虽然，和我小时候相比，每个出国的人都会带一些新的电子设备回来，现在的价格差距比以前小得多。
一个例外是二手车，这里的车可能比其他任何国家都便宜。进口的廉价、优质的日本二手车意味着，即使是新西兰的新车也无法长久保持其价值，所以这里的人很容易不用花很多钱就能买到一辆相当现代的车。
Yes I live in NZ and it is definitely expensive. But I do think it is the most beautiful country in the world
是的，我住在新西兰，物价确实很贵。但我确实认为它是世界上最美丽的国家。
Expensive compared to where? Expensive in what circumstances?
I've lived and worked in many countries and in every single one some people struggled financially and some people are wealthy. New Zealand is no different to most other ‘western' countries with rich and (relatively) poor people.
It would help considerable to add specifics to your question.
比哪里贵? 什么情况下贵?
我在许多国家生活和工作过，在每一个国家，有些人在经济上挣扎，有些人很富有。新西兰和大多数其他“西方”国家没什么不同，富人和(相对)穷人。
如果能对你的问题补充一些细节，将会大有帮助。
I spend a lot of my adult life trying to escape. There is undoubtedly an undercurrent of parochialism and small town conservatism here in New Zealand that by the time I turned twenty, made me feel claustrophobic.
Traveling the world has been virtually a rite of passage for many New Zealanders. I first left when I was twenty-three. Since then, I have spend significant amounts of life living and working all around the world. And I have no real regrets for doing so. But (and this is important) one of the reasons I was able to do so was because I was a Kiwi (a combination of ‘white privilege’ and Kiwi privilege).
However, there reached a time when I had to accept my roving days were over and growing old in someone’s else’s culture could present problems, away from family and long lost friends.
So, I returned back to my native soil.
The country has changed. It is more cosmopolitan. I am surrounded by immigrants where I live here in Wellington and I like it (actually, I feel like one of them). And right now I recognize I am so lucky to be in one of the safest places on the planet.
We actually have a sane government, which is a rare treat these days.
我成年后的大部分时间都在试图逃跑。毫无疑问，新西兰有一股狭隘主义和小镇保守主义的暗流，在我20岁的时候，这让我感到幽闭恐惧。
对许多新西兰人来说，环游世界几乎是一种成年仪式。我23岁时第一次离开新西兰。从那以后，我花了大量的时间在世界各地生活和工作。我也不后悔这么做。但(这一点很重要)我之所以能这样做，其中一个原因是我是新西兰人(“白人特权”和新西兰特权的结合)。
然而，有一段时间，我不得不接受我的流浪生活已经结束，在别人的文化中变老可能会带来问题，远离家人和失散多年的朋友。
于是，我回到了故乡。
这个国家已经改变了。它更加国际化。我住在惠灵顿，周围都是移民，我喜欢这里（事实上，我觉得自己是其中之一）。现在我意识到我很幸运能在这个星球上最安全的地方之一。
事实上，我们有一个理智的政府，这是现在难得的待遇
Small population and so far from world markets
新西兰人口少，远离世界市场。