一个真正聪明的人读书能有多快（二）
How fast can a really intelligent person read a book?
译文简介
网友：这真的取决于人。有些人有能力翻翻书页就可以记住它们，但这是非常罕见的，与其说是读书，不如说是拍照并在以后能够记住。就我个人而言，阅读速度很快，但使用了好几种阅读方法。闲暇阅读是一种浏览页面的方式，经常会遗漏一些单词或成对角线地方式去读。我以每小时100页左右的舒适速度阅读......
正文翻译
How fast can a really intelligent person read a book?
一个真正聪明的人读书能有多快?
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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It really depend on the person. Some have the ability to scoop through the pages and memorize them... but this is very rare and not really reading as much as taking a picture and being able to remember later.
Personnaly I read quite fast but use several methods of reading.
Leisure reading is a cruise through the pages, often missing somes words or reading diagonally. I manage a confortable rate of about a hundred page an hour. I still go back to a paragraph from time to time and didn't try to memorise what I read.
Fast reading when having to go through a technical book or to do a synthetis I usually go about 120-150 pages an hour, but memorising the general layout of the pages so I am able to quickly find back the information I am looking for.
Reading large games manual (100-500 pages ones like Star Fleet Battles or Advanced Squad Leader) I am usually a lot slower, mainly because there is concept I have to memorize and comprehend as much as just information to read and many cross-reference and foot notes, lets say about 30-40 pages an hour.
I am unsure that reading in english or french make it really different essentially because I turn my brain to the sexted language, wich mean I usually didn't notice when my significant other speak to me in french when I am reading an english technical manual.
这真的取决于人。有些人有能力翻翻书页就可以记住它们，但这是非常罕见的，与其说是读书，不如说是拍照并在以后能够记住。
就我个人而言，阅读速度很快，但使用了好几种阅读方法。
闲暇阅读是一种浏览页面的方式，经常会遗漏一些单词或成对角线地方式去读。我以每小时100页左右的舒适速度阅读。我仍然会时不时地回顾某个段落，而不是试图记住我读过的内容。
当我必须阅读一本技术书籍或做一个综合性的文章时，我通常每小时阅读120-150页，但记住页面的总体布局，这样我就能快速找到我想要的信息。
阅读大型游戏手册（100-500页，如《星际舰队战役》或《高级步兵班长(Advanced Squad Leader)》）我通常要慢得多，主要是因为我要记住和理解的概念不仅仅是要阅读的信息，还有很多交叉参考和脚注，这就每小时30-40页。
我不确定用英语或法语阅读是否会让它变得真正不同，因为我把大脑转向了所选的语言，这意味着当我阅读英语技术手册时，我的另一半用法语和我说话时，我通常是不会注意到的。
I am fairly sure I can read a 300 page novel in about 30 min. or less retaining enough to be tested and do well, though I am sure many can read faster, I think this though is an individual thing more so than an intellectual thing, IQ may help because lack of fluency and vocabulary obviously can hinder comprehension. There are techniques that improve this also absorption, focus, and eliminating unnecessary information. I read only for information, so I do not get emotionally involved, I also do not enjoy reading so I have learned to read quickly, yet I retain more than those I know who read more often and more slowly. My IQ is around 140, not high or low but I know I read faster than anyone I know, that may just be my nature as I walk faster than most, and run faster because I dislike both and my nature is to get things I dislike done faster in order no to prolong my misery. I drive faster than most as well because I just want to get there and get started or done with what ever I have planned, the longer it takes the less I can get done, the longer it takes.
我相当肯定，我可以在30分钟内读完一本300页的小说，或者只需更少的时间，并保持足够的记忆，以满足测试需求并表现良好，尽管我相信很多人可以读得更快，但我认为这是一个个体问题，而不是智力问题，智商可能会有所帮助，因为缺乏流利性和词汇显然会阻碍理解。有一些技术可以改善这一点——吸收、聚焦和消除不必要的信息。我阅读只是为了获取信息，所以我不会情绪化，我也不喜欢阅读，所以我学会了快速阅读，但我比我认识的那些阅读更频繁、更慢的人记住了更多信息。我的智商约为140，不高也不低，但我知道我的阅读速度比我认识的任何人都快，这可能是我的天赋，因为我比大多数人走得快，跑得快，因为这两项事情我都不喜欢，我的天性就是把我不喜欢的事情更快地做完，以免延长我的痛苦。我开车比大多数人都快，因为我只想到达那里，开始或完成我曾经计划过的事情，时间越长，我能完成的事情就越少，花费的时间就越长。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
My dad teaches high school math. Every year I ask him, “Who’s your star student?” Typically, he doesn’t hesitate to share who he believes is the brightest student of that age. Despite doing this for a long time, it never gets old, especially when he tells me about someone with great genes, a healthy work ethic, and a supportive family.
One year, before I could even ask my ceremonial question, he started to rave about a student. Knowing it would provoke me, he led with the fact that this student placed first in a local poetry contest. I shrugged,“Big deal.” I was an English Major and I would be the judge. “No, no,” he said, “this one’s different. Read it. It’s on the school’s website.”
The poem was subtle, strangely wise for a 16 year old, and original; beyond anything I’d seen from my college peers. I had to remind myself that a sophomore in high school wrote it. He was also a “mathlete,” meaning he participated in math competitions and mentored fellow students. And then it got better: My dad admitted that this student’s understanding of math surpassed his own.
“Come on!” I screamed.
“He’s already tested my limits in calculus.”
I couldn’t comprehend how this recent post-adolescent had exquisite taste in poetry, which struck a chord in me, and shared lofty math concepts with a teacher holding a M.S. in Mathematics.
As if that weren’t enough, he was an exceptional pianist, and remains one of the most memorable students from his school.
He is an excellent example of one way we can define intelligence: the ability to use all areas of the brain.
I couldn’t find his poem, but I did find him. He’s a PhD candidate for one of the leading research institutes in the US, performing experiments on things I can’t pronounce. I won’t reveal what he’s researching because anyone can merely google “PhD” with his area of expertise to find him, which violates his privacy.
我爸爸教高中数学。每年我都问他：“谁是你的明星学生？”通常，他会毫不犹豫地分享他认为那个年龄段最聪明的学生。尽管这样做了很长一段时间，但它永远不会过时，尤其是当他告诉我某人有很好的基因、健康的职业道德和一个支持他的家庭时。
有一年，我还没来得及问我的象征性的问题，他开始大谈特谈一个学生。知道这会激怒我，于是率先提出了一个事实：这个学生在当地的诗歌比赛中获得了第一名。我耸耸肩说：“没什么大不了的。”我是英语专业的学生，我将担任裁判。“不，不，”他说，“这个学生不一样。请上学校的网站上了解他的资料。”
这首诗对一个16岁的孩子来说是微妙的、奇怪的、明智的、原创的；超越了我从大学同学那里看到的一切。我不得不提醒自己，这是高中二年级学生写的。他也是一名“数学专家”，这意味着他参加数学竞赛并指导同学。然后情况变得更好了：我爸爸承认这个学生对数学的理解度超过了他自己。
“快点证明吧！”我尖叫起来。
“他已经测试了我的微积分了。”
我无法理解这位最近的青春期后期的人是如何对诗歌有着这般品味鉴赏力并与一位拥有数学硕士学位的老师分享了崇高的数学概念的，这引起了我的共鸣。
似乎这还不够，他是一位杰出的钢琴家，一直是学校里最令人难忘的学生之一。
他是我们定义智力的一个极好的例子：使用大脑所有区域的能力。
我找不到他的诗，但我找到了他。他是美国领先研究机构之一的博士候选人，我不会透露他在研究什么，因为任何人都可以通过他的专业领域搜索“博士”来找到他，这侵犯了他的隐私。
I am NOT a highly gifted genius, I just barely qualify as gifted by some standards. Still, I rarely need to learn by repetition. Still, show me something that has a pattern or where I can draw an analogy, and repetition is not necessary, and often boring.
From what I know of the MBTI, that roughly corresponds to the N/S difference. S types like routine and repetition. N types don't. This goes to the nature of schooling, particularly children. Because there are far more S people in the world
Sometimes I do find myself not understanding something and re-reading it. Most of the time, if I don't understand something, it isn't repetition that helps, it is finding a picture or analogy. Finding someone else who has explained it differently. It's not usually repetition I need, what I need is the right insight.
我不是一个很有天赋的天才，从某些标准来看，我几乎不算是天才。不过，我很少需要通过重复来学习。给我看一些有规律的东西，或者我可以在哪里画出类比，重复是没有必要的，而且常常很无聊。
据我所知，职业性格测试大致相当于N/S差异。S类型喜欢例行公事和重复。N类型则完全不同。这与学校教育的性质有关，尤其是儿童。因为世界上有更多的S类型的人。
有时候，我确实发现自己无法理解某件事并重新阅读它。大多数时候，如果我不理解某件事情，重复是没有帮助的，而是找到了一个图片或类比。找一个给出不同解释的人。我需要的通常不是重复，我需要的是正确的洞察力。
Because of several reasons.
The first one, which is more of a personal opinion than anything else is that reading is the best form of learning. Yes it’s not the most effective one. But it's the one that makes you think and use your brain. Not to mention the level of availibility of books.
Secondly is because they have this craving for knowledge and understanding which very few people understand.
Thirdly books really have that feeling. I feel that when I'm slipping through the pages of a book it's really satisfying. Although I know of a highly intelligent guy who is contemplating to switch to kindle. I might do it myself someday. Although I probably won't seeing as I want to have a personal library…
So there you have it. Smart people read obsessively because of a craving for understanding and knowledge;)
因为几个原因：
第一个，这更像是一个个人的观点，那就是阅读是最好的学习方式。这的确不是最有效的方法。但它让你思考和运用你的大脑，更不用说书的可用性了。
其次是因为很少有人理解他们对知识和理解的渴望程度。
第三书真的有这种感觉。我觉得当我翻阅一本书的时候，它真的让我感到很满足。尽管我知道有一个非常聪明的家伙正考虑改用电子阅读器。也许有一天我也会用。然而我可能不会，因为我想有一个个人图书馆。
所以这就是结果：聪明人痴迷于阅读，因为他们渴望理解和知识。
For most people, it is easy to learn to read faster. Your reading rate is often just a matter of habit. But to begin, you may need to try to change some habits and try these tips:
1. Pay attention when you read and read as if it really matters. Most people read in the same way that they watch television, i.e. in an inattentive, passive way. Reading takes effort and you must make the effort. A wise teacher once told me that you can learn anything if you do three things:
PAY ATTENTION
PAY ATTENTION and
PAY ATTENTION.
There are some simple methods that you can use to pay better attention and get more out of your textbook reading time. Different authors call it different things, but many researchers say that you will improve your comprehension if you somehow "preview" the passage before you actually sit down and read every word.
To do a preview you:
take 30 to 60 seconds.
look over the title of the chapter.
look at all the headings, subheadings and marked, italic or dark print.
look at any pictures or illustrations, charts or graphs.
quickly skim over the passage, reading the first and last paragraph and glancing at the first sentence of every other paragraph.
close the book and ask yourself:
---What is the main idea?
---What kind of writing is it?
---What is the author's purpose?
对大多数人来说，学会更快地阅读很容易。你的阅读速度通常只是一个习惯问题。但首先，您可能需要尝试改变一些习惯，并尝试以下提示：
1.当你阅读时要集中注意力，就好像它真的很重要一样。大多数人阅读的方式与看电视的方式相同，即以一种不经意、被动的方式。阅读需要刻意，你必须专注。一位聪明的老师曾经告诉我，如果你做好三件事，你可以学到任何东西：
集中注意力；
集中注意力；
集中注意力。
有一些简单的方法，你可以用它来集中注意力，让你阅读课本的时间得到更多。不同的作者称之为不同的东西，但许多研究人员表示，如果你在真正坐下来阅读每一个单词之前以某种方式“预览”这篇文章，会提高你的理解力。
要进行预览，请执行以下操作：
需要30到60秒。
看一下这一章的标题。
看看所有的标题、副标题和标记、斜体或深色印刷体。
看看任何图片或插图、图表或曲线图。
快速浏览文章，阅读第一段和最后一段，并浏览每一段的第一句。
合上书，问问自己：
主旨是什么？
这是什么类型的书？
作者的目的是什么？
When you finally get to the point where you are actually slowly reading the passage, read in a "questioning" manner -as if you were seaching for something. It sometimes helps if you take the heading or title of a chapter and turn it into a question.
For example, if the heading of a section in the text is "The Causes of the Civil War", take that title and switch it into a question like: "What are the causes of the Civil War?". Now you have a goal; something to look for; something to find out. When you are goal-oriented, you are more likely to reach the goal. At least you'll remember one thing about the text which you have just read.
2. Stop talking to yourself when you read. People talk to themselves in 2 ways, by:
vocalizing, which is the actual moving of your lips as you read, and
subvocalizing, which is talking to yourself in your head as you silently read.
Both of these will slow you down to the point in which you find that you can't read any faster than you can speak. Speech is a relatively slow activity; for most, the average speed is about 250 WPM (words per minute).
Reading should be an activity which involves only the eyes and the brain. Vocalization ties reading to actual speaking. Try to think of reading as if you were looking at a landscape, a panorama of ideas, rather than looking at the rocks at your feet.
3. Read in thought groups. Studies have shown that when we read, our eyes must make small stops along the line. Poor readers make many, many more fixations (eyestops) than good readers. Not only does this slow you down, but it inhibits comprehension because meaning is easier to pull from groups of words rather than from individual words or even single letters. Try to read in phrases of three or four words, especially in complete clauses and prepositional phrases. Your mind may internalize them as if the whole phrase is like one big meaning-rich word.
你可能不认为你可以在很少接触材料的情况下回答这些问题，但如果你做得正确，你应该有一些非常好的总体想法。如果你在真正阅读这篇文章之前对它有一个大致的了解，你将能够更好地理解和记住这篇文章。
当你最终到达你真正在缓慢阅读这篇文章的时候，以“质疑”的方式阅读——就像你在寻找什么。如果你把一章的标题或标题变成一个问题，有时会有所帮助。
例如，如果文本中某一节的标题是“内战的起因”，那么将该标题转换为一个问题：“内战的原因是什么？”。现在你有了一个目标；要找的东西；有东西要找。当你以目标为导向时，你更有可能达到目标。至少你会记得刚刚读过的课文中的某件事。
2.阅读时不要自言自语。人们通过以下两种方式与自己交谈：
发声，这是你阅读时嘴唇的实际移动，以及
默念，就是在你默读的时候在你的脑海里对自己说话。
这两种方法都会让你慢下来，你会发现你阅读速度比说要快。说话是一种相对缓慢的活动；对于大多数人来说，平均速度约为每分钟250个单词。
阅读应该是一种只涉及眼睛和大脑的活动。发音将阅读与实际说话联系起来。试着把阅读想象成你在看风景，一幅思想的全景，而不是看着脚下的岩石。
3.分组阅读。研究表明，当我们阅读时，我们的眼睛必须在阅读过程中停下来。水平差的读者比好的读者更容易被吸引。这不仅会减慢你的速度，而且会阻碍你的理解，因为从单词组中提取意义比从单个单词甚至单个字母中提取意义更容易。试着用三到四个单词组成的短语来阅读，尤其是完整的从句和介词短语。你的大脑可能会将它们内在化，就好像整个短语就像一个意义丰富的单词。
5. Vary your reading rate to suit the difficulty and type of writing of the text. Poor readers always read at the same slow rate. An efficient reader speeds up for easier material and slows down for the hard. Some things were not meant to be read quickly at all. Legal material and very difficult text should be read slowly. Easier material and magazines and newspapers can be read quickly. Poetry and plays were meant to be performed, and if not acted out, then at least, spoken out loud orally. This obviously will conflict with good speed reading method which forbids vocalization. Religious writings and scxture were originally written to be recited and listened to by an audience which was likely to be intelligent, but illiterate. The "fun" of poetry, plays, or prayer is not really experienced if you "speed read" the text.
4.不要老是重读同样的短语。可怜的读者习惯性地一遍又一遍地阅读同一短语。这种“倒退”的习惯会使阅读时间增加一倍或三倍，通常不会带来更好的理解。一次仔细、专注的阅读可能不足以完全理解，但往往比阅读过程中不断的倒退更有效。最好是在第一次阅读的时候更加关注。在仔细阅读之前先做一个预览，然后尝试我上面提到的技巧。不用重复去阅读，你会记得更多内容。
5.根据文章的难度和写作类型改变阅读速度。可怜的读者总是以同样慢的速度阅读。一个高效的阅读者在阅读更容易的材料时会加快速度，在阅读困难的材料时则会减慢速度。有些东西根本不应该读得很快。法律材料和非常困难的文本应缓慢阅读。更容易的材料，杂志和报纸可以快速阅读。诗歌和戏剧是要表演的，如果不是表演出来的话，那么至少是口头大声说出来。这显然会与禁止发声的好的快速阅读方法相冲突。宗教著作和经文最初是为了让可能是聪明但不识字的听众朗诵和聆听而写的。如果你“快速阅读”文本，诗歌、戏剧或祈祷的“乐趣”就无法被真正体验到。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I have a daughter who has a high IQ. She’s a psychologist and so is my wife.
When she (my daughter) was studying, the one thing I noticed about her was that she was a very intense studier or student. It was as though she could just look at a page of the textbook and absorb the material!
They are DETERMINED to succeed and do all they can, like study intensely, to get what they want, namely that eventual degree or doctorate.
I see a neurologist for treatment of my epilepsy and about five years ago, I watched him reading a report on my file. I looked at his eyes as he read and compared to me he was reading at a hundred miles an hour. He virtually just scanned each line and he took in what was there. I can’t do that! I have to read each word separately and slowly comprehend the sentence as I go. It takes me a while to read a book and I actually enjoy reading.
They have their failings though. Some people who are high in IQ aren’t very good at everyday practical things for example. They can also be impatient and expect perfectionism. They can have high expectations and can get frustrated with us average IQ people. I’ve noticed that with my wife, but she has many good characteristics.
Some people just have that ability or gift, while others of us don’t. Where it comes from, I don’t know.
Edit: I just asked my daughter what her technique was and her reply was that, she could do some studies, or watch some lectures online. Sometimes she would go over and over the lectures until she understood what the lecturer was saying and she finally “got it!” Then she would move on to the next segment and so on. She says that she was determined to pass and doesn’t see herself as very clever but, the rest of the family and her husband can see how smart she is.
我有一个高智商的女儿。她是心理学家，我妻子也是。
当她（我的女儿）在学习时，我注意到的一件事是她是一个非常认真的学生。就好像她只要看一页课本就能吸收材料一样！
他们下定决心要取得成功，并尽其所能，如认真学习，以获得他们想要的东西，即最终取得学位或博士学位。
我找一位神经学家治疗我的癫痫，大约五年前，我看到他在读我档案上的一份报告。他读它时，我看着他的眼睛，和我相比，他以每小时一百英里的速度阅读。他几乎只是扫视每一行，然后领会其中的含义。我做不到这样！我必须分开读每一个单词，一边慢慢地理解句子。我读一本书要花点时间，我其实很喜欢读书。
但他们也有缺点。例如，一些智商高的人并不擅长日常生活。他们也可能没有耐心，期望完美主义。他们会有很高的期望，会对我们这些智商一般的人感到沮丧。我注意到了我妻子的这一点，但她有很多好的特点。
有些人就是有这种能力或天赋，而有些人则没有。我不知道它从何而来。
编辑：我刚刚问我女儿她的方法是什么，她的回答是，她可以做一些研究，或者在网上看一些讲座。有时她会一遍又一遍地听讲座，直到她明白讲师在说什么，她终于“明白了！”然后她会继续下一个环节，以此类推。她说她下定决心要通过考试，也没认为自己很聪明，但家人和丈夫都能看出她到底有多聪明。
Over the years, I have known people who are highly intelligent who read slowly, and other very bright people who read rapidly. Both groups read a lot. I have come to believe that the speed at which you read is likely a reflection of one’s unique wiring. I have yet to meet a very smart person who has been attracted to any sort of speed-reading program. My hunch about this is that these people pick up so much from their reading that they have no interest in racing through so many interesting details.
I had one classmate who possessed a photographic memory. He simply kept turning pages, each one taking only a few seconds. He was bright, but I don’t think his intelligence gave him the photographic memory—he was born with it—wired that way. I, by contrast, was a slow reader, who was always having to strategize my studying as I could not possibly keep up with all the reading. I am slightly dyslexic, and I came into the world that way. These days, there are some effective treatments for this disorder, but when I was young, no one even identified me as dyslexic. A modern reading teacher at the school where I taught diagnosed me by accident when I was in my early 30s. By then, I was used to my slow reading and pleased with the detail it allowed me to pick up. Had I been severely dyslexic, I would like to think someone would have diagnosed me much earlier and put me into one of the few treatment programs of the day. One of my all-time-favorite students from the early 70’s had a fierce dyslexia, identified by a specialist when he was a young kid. He went through a program that had him, among other exercises, crawling on a gym floor in the patterns of the letters of the alphabet. And it worked. He was able to read slowly but very well. A bright and enthusiastic boy, he was a delight to work with.
To summarize, I have never seen a certain correlation between intelligence and reading speed. It may exist, but I haven’t spotted it, and I taught high school English for 30-plus years.
这些年来，我认识一些非常聪明的人，他们阅读速度很慢，还有一些人非常聪明，阅读速度很快。两组人都读了很多书。我开始相信，你阅读的速度很可能反映了一个人独特的思维方式。我还没有遇到过一个非常聪明且被任何一种快速阅读计划所吸引的人。我的直觉是，这些人从阅读中学到了太多东西，以至于他们没有兴趣快速浏览这么多有趣的细节。
我有一个同学拥有过目不忘的记忆力。他只是不停地翻页，每翻一页只需要几秒钟。他很聪明，但我认为他的智力并没有给他过目不忘的能力。他生来就是这样的，相比之下，我是一个阅读速度慢的人，我总是需要制定学习策略，因为我不可能跟上所有的阅读。我有轻微的阅读障碍，我生来如此。如今，有一些有效的治疗这种障碍的方法，但当我年轻的时候，甚至没有人认为我患有阅读障碍。在我30岁出头的时候，我任教的学校的一位现代阅读老师意外地诊断出了我患有阅读碍。到那时，我已经习惯了慢速阅读，对它能让我领会到的细节感到满意。。如果我有严重的阅读障碍，我想有人会更早诊断我，让我参加当时为数不多的治疗项目之一。70年代初，我最喜欢的一个学生患有严重的阅读障碍症，在他小时候被一位专家诊断出来。他接受了一项训练计划，其中包括按照字母表的字母模式在健身房的地板上爬行。它奏效了。他读得很慢，但读得很好。他是个聪明而热情的男孩，和他一起工作很愉快。
综上所述，我从来没有看到过智力和阅读速度之间有某种关联。它可能存在，但我教了30多年的高中英语都没有发现。