哪些最基本的知识却有很多人不知道？
What’s some basic knowledge that a scary amount of people don’t know?
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一些好用的生活小窍门。
正文翻译
What’s some basic knowledge that a scary amount of people don’t know?
哪些最基本的知识却有很多人不知道？
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Don’t put water on a grease fire. This is when your pan/pot catches fire while cooking.
不要用水来浇灭油引发的火灾。也就是当你做饭时锅子突然着火的时候。
用锅盖盖上，然后把火关掉就行。
编辑：评论区里有人指出用小苏打和盐也可以熄灭火焰。此外你如果能在厨房里备一个专门用来扑灭油火的灭火器的话也是不错的。
Whatever you do, do not use flour.
不论你用什么，总之不要用面粉。
Drowning doesn't usually look like drowning on TV. 9/10, it's just silent. The person goes under and doesn't come back up.
真正的溺水通常不会像电视里的溺水那样。十次里有九次都是安静的。那个人沉下去，然后就上不来了。
并且卡住喉咙也不像在电视上看见的那样。如果那个人还在吸气或者咳嗽……那么他的喉咙根本就没被卡住，也不需要海姆立克急救法。只有当他的嘴里一点声音也发不出来的时候，你才需要用海姆立克急救法。
I worked in a care home, I literally had a lady choke to death on me. It was silent. I did the heimlich, it didn’t work. Another resident thought we were hurting the lady & was attacking us to get off her the whole time. The chest compressions didn’t work to keep her alive until until the paramedics arrived. We ended up in court over it. It was the most horrific experience of my life. I will never work in care again. I did the job for 12 years before that.
我曾经在一家养老院工作，真的有一位老太太在我怀里被噎死了。一点声音都没有。我做了海姆立克急救法，但不管用。另一个住户以为我们要伤害她，从头到尾一直都在试着把我们从她身上赶走。胸腔压迫没能让她活到急救医生过来。我们最终因此进了法院。那是我这辈子最可怕的一段经历。我此后再也不会在养老院工作了。在那之前我这份工作干了十二年。
That's horrible!
这也汰可怕了！
我大概12岁的时候曾经被一块培根的肥肉噎住了，是晚餐上包在一块猪扒外头的。当时我的身边至少还有五个其他家庭成员。我一边敲盘子一边用手指指我的喉咙好几次，但一点用也没有。
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最后，因为去年在童子军接受过训练，我站起身来，走回椅子的后面，开始自己给自己做海姆立克急救…用双手抱拳和椅子的方法。管用了，并且我吐出了一大块培根肥肉。
我身边所有人都在说“你他妈干什么呢？”我说“我呛住了”，然后他们一边笑一边说“哦，你要是呛住了我们还会不知道！！”
直到去年，三十年之后，我从经历过护士训练的姐姐那里得知，我妈妈在看护我外甥的时候，外甥被一颗葡萄噎住了，但我妈妈却一直在无视他，而我姐姐只能在恐慌中见证这一切的发生。
显然，等到孩子憋到面色青紫了，我姐姐终于说服我妈妈做海姆立克急救法，但是我妈妈不让她做，而是让她教自己一遍然后让自己做。
我妈妈差点因为自己的自大和无知，让我和我外甥死掉。
Same thing happened with me!! When I was 6-7 years old I was choking on a piece of fatty bacon and I was making no noise! My parents were sitting there laughing because they thought I was joking. I literally had to reach into my mouth to grab it and pull it out of my throat. Absolutely disgusting and will never let them forget
我也经历过同样的事情！我大概六七岁的时候，曾经被一块很肥的猪肉噎住过，当时我一点声音都发不出来！我父母都在旁边笑，因为他们以为我在开玩笑呢。我得把手伸进嘴里去抓住那块肉然后把它从我的嗓子眼里拔出来。恶心得一批，他们这辈子都忘不了。
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That mixing bleach and pine sol creates toxic fumes that can actually kill you if they build up too much in a room. A scary number of people actually do this though in their laundry or when cleaning their homes.
把漂白剂和松树牌清洁剂混合在一起会生成毒雾，如果房间里积累太多的话就有可能把你杀死。洗衣服或者清理房间的时候，有多得吓人的人真的会这么做。
Yes, every one knows about bleach and ammonia, but they seem to think that's all there is. Fact is, many cleaning products can produce toxic fumes when mixed.
没错，所有人都知道漂白剂和氨水，但他们好像以为那就是全部了。事实上，很多清洁产品如果混合到一起都会生成有毒的雾气。
Don't mix things with bleach. For any reason.
反正就不要拿别的东西和漂白剂混到一起。不论任何原因。
Don’t dive in the water to save a drowning person. They WILL kill you. Throw them a flotation device. Hand them a broomstick and pull them to safety. Do NOT get in the water with a panicking person. Wait until they are unconscious and then dive in to retrieve them.
如果你想要救一个溺水的人，别自己下水。他们会杀了你的。给他们扔一个能漂起来的东西。递给他们一根扫帚柄，把他们拉到水面上来。别和一个正在恐慌的人跳进同一片水域里。等到他们失去意识，然后再下水把他们救回来。
来源：学了几年游泳，并且不幸的是我认识一个因为想要救人而自己淹死了的人。
Part of my dads job was being a rescue swimmer for the fire department. In doing so, he's broken the noses of few people. Sometimes you have to bop em in the nose.
我父亲工作的一部分就是在消防局当救生员。为了这么做，他打断过几个人的鼻子。有时候你就得给他们的鼻子来一下。
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My dog, who swims just fine, damn near drowned me in water that I could stand in and keep my head above.
我家的狗，虽然游泳还不错，但是有一次他妈差点把我给淹死在水里，而且水浅得我站在里面还能把头露出来。
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它可能是蹭到一棵植物之类的东西了，然后就开始恐慌了。和一个溺水的人类一样，它拼命地抓我，想要抓住我。于是我当然被他按在水下有足足一分钟。
谢天谢地他只有五十磅。所以我只需要抽身出来转个圈，然后把它抱起来。
我自己不会游泳。所以你们是不可能看见我试着救一个溺水的人的。
It is very easy to not block the whole aisle with your cart at the grocery store.
其实在超市购物时，让自己的购物车不要挡住整条过道是一件非常简单的事情。
Just because it's natural doesn't mean it is automatically healthy.
自然的东西不一定就是健康的。
合成的或者人工的东西不一定就是对你不好的。
had my gf tell me yesterday that carbonated water was bad for you because it has too many chemicals in it. i almost screamed back "it has two!?!"
我女朋友昨天跟我说气泡水对我的身体不好，因为里面有太多化学成分。我差点喊回去，“里面只有两种啊？！”
AND ONE OF THEM IS THE WATER!
其中一种还是水！
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
100% of people who have drank water eventually died.
喝过水的人100%都死了。
Water is the most addictive substance known to man. Just try to wean yourself off of that shit and see what happens. H2O withdrawal is a motherfucker.
水是人类已知的最具成瘾性的物质。不信你试试把那玩意儿戒两天，看看会发生什么。戒水真的贼他妈要命。
Ever heard of oxygen? The stuff is even worse without the hydrogen atoms.
听说过氧气吗？这玩意儿没了氢原子更厉害。
Carlin had a great bit about that. "Dog shit is perfectly natural. It's just not real good food."
Carlin对此编过一个绝妙的段子。“狗屎特别自然。只不过不是好吃的。”
As my mother likes to say: arsenic is natural.
就像我妈妈喜欢说的：砷也是自然的。
First Aid
急救
People living alone please Google how to do a heimlich on yourself. And remind yourself regularly. It could save your life when you have no one else around.
那些自己一个人住的，请一定要赶紧谷歌一下怎么给自己做海姆立克急救。而且要经常复习。当你的身边没有其他人的时候，这能救下你的命。
Or if you are choking and alone, know to run to where people will find you. In the middle of the road, or in a busy hallway. If you pass out alone in your house no one will find you until it’s far too late.
或者如果你噎住了，并且你只有一个人，那你应该赶快跑到那些人们能发现你的地方。比如马路中间，或者繁忙的走廊里。如果你在房间里晕过去，那等到有人发现你，就已经太晚了。
I loved living completely alone until now.
我本来挺喜欢自己一个人住的。直到刚才。
How to respond to an emergency situation.
如何应对突发状况。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
该给谁打电话。该如何明确地识别并说明你的位置。什么时候留在原地，什么时候走。如何避免二次伤害。
How long it takes a semi truck to stop
一辆半挂车要多长时间才能停稳。
I'd swear so many people think 1 car length is plenty of room when everyone's going 70mph/110kph.
我发誓有太多人觉得当所有的车子都在以70英里/110公里每小时的速度行驶的时候，刹车只需要留一辆车那么长的距离就够了。
And that truck drivers can’t necessarily see you down there, so give them space!
并且卡车司机可能都看不见你在下面。所以一定要给他们空间！
I told my boyfriend the other day that I've seen the area in front of a semi referred to as the "kill zone". Some people don't seem to realize how physics works.
我前两天跟我男朋友说，我听说有人把半挂车正前方的那一片区域叫做“死区”。有些人好像不能理解物理原理。
That Africa is not a country.
非洲不是一个国家。
Also: not all black people are African-American
还有：不是所有的黑人都是非裔美国人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
How to spot an obvious scam. Look how many people fall for those clickbait articles and chain posts and propaganda and stuff
如何鉴别明显的诈骗。看看有多少人会点进那些明显是标题党的新闻，论坛，政治宣传之类的东西。
Saw something this morning about some chick falling for a fake astronaut scam. Said he needed money to get back to earth. Just…. ayfkm??? People really be this stupid.
今早看到个新闻，有个人被一个假的宇航员给诈骗了。他说他需要钱回地球。我草……你他妈疯了吗？人真的有这么蠢吗。
I know right? That's why I'm offering a $5000 course on how to avoid scams! Enrol today! If you haven't learnt what a scam is by the end of the course, money back guaranteed!*
是吧？所以我才要为你们提供一堂价值5000美元的防诈骗课程！今天加入！如果你等到本期课程结束还没有学会什么是诈骗的话，那么保证退款！
I have a FREE course on the same topic. Look at some testimonials
我能提供同样话题的免费课程。看看往期学员的证词吧。
“这个课程非常合法。”——P夫人
“我以前会被诈骗骗到。现在我不会了。”——J先生
"I'll simply need some personal information to sign you up"
“我只需要一些个人信息就可以为您注册了。”
That the scientific meaning of “theory” isn’t what the colloquial sense means.
“理论”这个词在科学上的意思和在日常语言中的意思不是一样的。
More generally: there are a LOT of terms that mean one specific thing within a certain field or industry that mean something completely different when talked about in a different field or just in the general population.
说得更笼统一点，这个世界上有非常非常多的词汇，在某一个领域或者行业里所指代的意思，放到别的领域或者在大众听来可能是完全不同的另外一个意思。
编辑：我在写这篇回复的时候，脑子里主要想的是对此无知的人的例子，比如那些非IT行业从业者的人有时会管自己的电脑叫“CPU”。但好像大家都看明白了我的意思，并且也给出了更加重要的例子和讨论。
如果真的有人在乎或者有人不知道的话，从技术上来讲，“CPU”指的是你电脑里的那个最主要的芯片，它负责绝大多数的通用计算处理过程。
And some people abuse that fact to mislead others (which is the actual problem).
还有一些人会利用这一点来误导其他人（这其实才是最重要的问题）。
一个有趣的事实：当一个数学家说“几乎全部”的时候，例外可能仍然像有理数集那么大。
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On probability, for things that have a statistically negligible but non-zero chance of happening. So academically you can't say it's impossible, because it's false, but then cue the layperson so you're telling me there a chance.
关于概率，一些事情发生的概率在统计学上可以忽视，但是概率也不是零。所以从学术的角度来说，你是不能说它不可能发生的，因为这么说是伪命题。但是这会让门外汉觉得噢所以还是有机会。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
没错比利，你连续扔出100个六点来也不是什么不可能的事，但我把我左边的蛋蛋拿来打赌，一个流浪黑洞把我们的太阳系给毁了你都扔不出来。要是扔的出来，那可能你的骰子里灌了东西了。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
True, colloquial meaning of "theory" is "hypothesis".
没错，人们所理解的“理论”其实是“假设”。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The scientific meaning of "hypothesis" also implies that you're gonna test it.
科学意义上的“假设”也意味着你需要对它进行实验。
绝大多数人口中的“假设”其实是“推测”。
That pretty much every machine requires maintenance. Think dishwashers, washing machines, cars, mowers, etc.
基本上所有的机器都需要维护。不论是洗碗机，洗衣机，汽车还是除草机，等等。
那些东西可不是什么魔法箱子。并且如果你知道怎么维护的话，那么它们就能用得久一点。
我岳母今年八十多岁了，最近才知道洗碗机的滤网应该经常清理。
Used to work as a cleaner. Can confirm hardly anyone knows about cleaning dishwasher filters, air conditioner filters, range hood filter and bathroom exhaust fans.
我以前是干清洁工的。我可以肯定，几乎没有人知道要清理洗碗机的滤网，空调的滤网，抽油烟机的滤网和厕所的排风扇。
And computers !! A scary number of people seem to think it's all about software wrapped in Magic, they just can't imagine mechanical, electrical issues, not even heating
还有电脑！！有好多好多人好像都觉得电脑就是用魔法绑在一起的一堆软件，他们根本没办法想象机械上的或者电力上的问题，甚至连过热的问题都想不到。
I was trying to debug a problem with my Dad's ancient desktop computer and it sounded like a fan was burnt out or something. He then went on to say the dumbest thing I've ever heard, "I don't understand how a computer can break when there aren't any moving parts!"
我之前曾经想要给我爸爸的一台古董电脑找问题，听起来好像是风扇烧掉了之类的。然后他说了一句我这辈子听过的最蠢的话，“我根本就不懂，电脑里一个会动弹的零件都没有，怎么能坏呢？！”
他甚至不是什么机械白痴。他会造房子，能修好自己的车，但是电脑对他来说就是一个神秘的法术黑箱子，他拒绝去理解。哈哈哈。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Tangentially related, every machine wears down. No, a machine suddenly breaking down while I was using it isn't proof of my stupidity, it just means that the machine was already severely degraded.
稍微相关一点，所有的机器都会磨损。所以我在用的时候那个机器突然坏掉了，那并不是证明我蠢，而是证明这个机器早就严重磨损了。
We moved into our house and 3 months later, the washing machine broke. The repair guy my landlord hired did everything he could to blame us including saying stuff like "you shouldn't wash area rugs or shoes in the washing machine". Like, fucking obviously dude. I ended up snapping on him and telling him that the model is from 2008 and maybe it was just time for a new fucking washing machine. 12 years of use but I broke it in 3 months??
我们搬进这个房子三个月之后，洗衣机就坏了。我房东请来的维修工想尽一切办法把锅甩到我们的头上，比如说“你就不该用洗衣机洗地毯和蟹子”。他妈的这谁不懂啊兄弟。我最后跟他说这个洗衣机是2008年的，或许只不过是该他妈换一台新的了。用了12年了，我3个月就给弄坏了？
12 years of use but I broke it in 3 months??
用了12年了，我3个月就给弄坏了？
你看，之前用了12年都啥事没有，你三个月就给它弄坏了。
A guest requested their chicken to be cooked medium rare this week. I don't understand why I have to stress that chicken only leaves the kitchen when it's completely cooked
我有个顾客今天要求把他吃的鸡肉做个三分熟。我不理解为什么我要跟他强调鸡肉只有在完全熟透之后才能离开厨房。
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A colleague tried raw chicken hearts on vacation. Some local thing.
同事曾经度假的时候吃过一块生鸡心。当地的什么特色。
病得贼厉害。