韩国的富裕阶层（财阀）是如何吞噬这个国家的？
How the Rich Ate South Korea
译文简介
“韩国人一边抱怨财富分配不公和大企业，一边又投票选出了一个将加剧这些问题的保守派总统”
正文翻译
One of South Korea's greatest economic strengths is also one of their biggest economic weaknesses. Their country's economy is defined by a series of massive business groups with names familiar to everyone: Samsung, Hyundai, and LG. These groups power its export economy and dominate its people's everyday lives. They also manipulate the Korean economy to their own advantage, and pay millions to maintain corrupt ties with the highest levels of power in Korea.
韩国经济最大的优势之一也是他们最大的弱点之一。韩国经济是由一系列大家耳熟能详的大型企业所定义的：三星、现代和LG。这些企业推动着韩国的出口经济，并主宰着韩国人民的日常生活。此外他们还操控韩国经济为自己谋利，他们还向韩国最高权力阶层支付大量的金钱以维系那种腐败的联系。
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One of the most shocking things I saw in Korea when I first went there was the amount of elderly poor people. You literally see old grandmas cleaning bathrooms who should’ve retired like a long time ago.
我第一次去韩国时目睹到的最让我震惊的现象之一就是大量深陷贫困之中的老人。你可以看到那些早该退休的老奶奶在打扫公共浴室。
Hmm.. think a bout it. We were the poorest country about 70 years ago, nothing left with the Japan's colonial era and Korean war. What can you expect from that for the elderly people, most of them hardly had a chance for education.
嗯...想想吧。我们韩国在70年前还是世界上最贫穷的国家，日本殖民时代和朝鲜战争让当时的韩国陷入一无所有的窘境。所以你能对老年人有何期待呢，他们大多数人都没有受教育的机会。
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You would think that Asian countries would commit to taking care of their elderly population, given the importance placed in being filial and respectful to seniority, but it seems these countries actually treat people worse than dirt ..
考虑到孝顺和尊重长辈在亚洲社会当中的重要性，人们往往认为亚洲国家会致力于照顾好他们的老年人，然而这些国家实际上宛如尘土一般对待这些老人。
A lot places there is no retirement
很多国家都没有退休制度。
@bangbang Japan was also completely destroyed in world war 2, in fact, Japan lose more than South Korea, but Japan did it
@bangbang 日本也在二战中遭到了彻底的摧毁，事实上日本所遭受的损失比韩国还多，然而日本就能善待自己的老人。
South Korea was a legitimate third world country over 40 years ago. It wasn't until the 1990s that the quality of life in South Korea surpassed North Korea (though North Korea is much worse now than in the 1980s). The rapid rise of South Korea into a technologically advanced economy saw the older generation left behind. They didn't have the skills to compete in a modern world and they were pushed to the margins.
韩国四十年前还是个地地道道的第三世界国家。韩国的生活质量直到20世纪90年代才超过了朝鲜（尽管如今朝鲜人的生活水平远不及他们20世纪80年代时的生活水平）。韩国迅速崛起成为一个技术先进的经济体，而老一辈的人们则被甩在了身后。他们没有掌握那些能让他们能在当今世界具备竞争力的技能，所以他们便被推到了社会的边缘。
@bangbang you are right. But japan was also devastated and wrecked by USA. Yet they prioritized taking care of elderly. Japan has their own issues. But this one … japan does better.
@bangbang 你说得对，不过日本也被美国摧毁了啊。但是他们还把照顾老人放在了首位。日本有他们自己的问题，但是在这方面，日本确实做得比韩国更好。
@Jay Chung I feel bad for them, seeing their own country being prosperous, only spit back at them
@bangbang 我为他们感到难过，他们的国家走向了繁荣昌盛，却回过头唾弃这些老人。
At least elderly aren’t violently assaulted in broad daylight like America. If that happened in Korea, there would be national outrage, whereas in America it’s just accepted as a fact of life
至少他们不会像美国老人那样在光天化日下遭到暴力袭击。如果那种事情发生在韩国的话，便会引发全国人民的愤怒。而在美国，这种情况却已经成了一种被大众接受的生活现实。
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What I learned from reading Manhwa and Korean Webtoons. Corruption everywhere, normal people are underpaid, rich people are evil af, and school bullying to the point of near death is pretty normal. They're fiction but they do reflect on reality. It's weird how Korea is one of the richest countries despite the rampant corruption that is deeply embedded in the system.
我从韩国漫画和网漫中了解的情况就是，韩国到处都是腐败，普通人薪水过低，富人异常的邪恶，学生们遭受校园霸凌被打到濒临死亡也是很常见的。虽然这些作品都是虚构的，但是它们却映射出了韩国的现实。奇怪的是，韩国虽然受困于世界上最严重的腐败，但是它依旧是世界上最富有的国家之一。
South Korean national here!I wouldn’t say that corruption is deeply embedded in Korean society right now. There were a lot of corruption in the past, just like the movies and comics depict.
However, as people demanded more transparency, a lot of anti-corruption measures such as laws or institutions got introduced in the 21st century.Right now, most Korean wouldn’t say that corruption is a big problem. Wealth gap would be the biggest concern.
韩国人在此！我并不认为腐败已经深深植根于韩国社会。我们社会过去确实存在很多腐败现象，正如电影和漫画中所描绘的那样。然而，由于人们呼吁政府提高透明度，许多反腐败措施也孕育而生，比如我们在21世纪就引入了一系列反腐法律或者制度。如今大多数韩国人都不会说腐败是一个大问题，贫富差距才是我们所面对的最大问题。
Corruption has been part of every industrialization process, including in the west. Read 'Kicking Away The Ladder' and '23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism' both by Ha-Joon Chang to see that all the things the east gets accused of now was part of the wests' development story as well (among other things the books cover as well).
每一个国家工业化进程中都会有腐败，这也包括那些西方国家。只要你们去读一下张夏准的《踢开凳子》以及《自由市场经济学家的23个秘密》就会发现，那些东方国家现在所受到的指责，其实也曾是西方发展故事的一部分。（此外这些书也涵盖了其他一些内容）
@Kevin Avila Based on watching American movies and TV series one gets the impression that crime is really rampant in the US. While there might be some truth to that I suspect fiction easily gives a very exaggerated picture. I suspect that the same is true for Korea. (Disclaimer: I've never been to the US nor Korea.)
你这就好似看了美国电影和电视剧就觉得美国是个犯罪猖獗的国家，虽然这里面可能存在一定真实性，但是我怀疑这些作品很可能营造出了一个比较夸张的场景。韩国的情况也是如此。（声明一下：我从未去过美国或者韩国）
Well, remember that South Korea was ruled by a dictator only a few decades ago
好吧，我记得韩国几十年前还是一个被独裁者统治的国家。
Just because a country is rich, doesnt mean its people are - Qatar has a higher GDP per capita than South Korea, Japan and even the US, but do you think people there live better? lolIt doesnt matter how big the "cake" is, if not everyone gets equall "slices."
一个国家很富裕并不代表它的人民也很富裕。卡塔尔的人均GDP比韩国，日本甚至是美国都高，但是你认为那里人民的生活条件也比这些国家好吗？哈哈。如果人们不能平分蛋糕的话，那么这个“蛋糕”再大也无济于事。
It is fascinating how South Korea was able to develop its economy with such shameless corruption
最让我感到神奇的是，韩国居然可以在背负这种无耻腐败的前提下，实现了经济发展。
Theory is that as long as the pie is growing quickly enough, people don't mind sharing a smaller slice of that pie. And that corruption is what allows the pie to grow so quickly
从理论上来讲，只要蛋糕增长的速度足够快，那么人们就不会介意被别人匀走一小块。而且正是腐败让韩国经济这块蛋糕实现了如此快速的增长。
When I look at S Korea and India, I can see how different and similar they are at the same time. While in Korea the government was capitalist and was in cahoots with the rich, but in India, the government was openly "socialist" while allowing sext industrialists and conglomerates to control a large portion of the wealth. They stop small companies from expanding by making stupid laws while at the same time bailing out multi-billion dollar companies with tax payer money.
当我观察韩国和印度时，我可以看出它们是有多么的不同，却又如此的相似。韩国有一个与富人勾结的资本主义政府。而在印度，政府主张自己实行社会主义，但是他们却允许特定的企业家和大企业掌控大部分财富。此外他们还制定了那些愚蠢的法律去阻止小企业发展，同时还用纳税人的钱救助那些市值数十亿美元的大企业。
Not sure how you call that India doesn’t allow small companies to flourish. In India, still small companies manage most of power station maintenance projects. In recent years there are thousands of small scale IT companies constructed. The problem is that Indians doesn’t like to be an entrepreneur much. If you go to a college and ask what he / she wants to be. Almost 90% will answer he wants to work here or there. Maybe it’s time to change the way our students think ?
我不知道为何你会说印度不允许小企业发展。在印度，大部分电站的维护项目都是由小型公司管理的。近年来，有数以千计的小型IT公司在印度孕育而生。然而问题在于，印度人并不喜欢成为企业家。如果你去一所大学询问学生们想要成为哪种人。90%的学生都会回答他们想要成为xx公司或者xx公司的员工。也许我们是时候改变印度学生的思维了？
As someone who lived in South Korea for several years I can definitely say that South Koreans are nowhere as well off as someone might think. They have the highest household debt in Asia. The average person is living in debt from what I could tell. Most people owned several credit cards and I often saw people paying off one card with another card. But the biggest problem I could see was the Americanization of their thinking regarding the need to constantly keep up with one's neighbours by buying expensive brand name things of every sort ...... basically buying a lot of expensive crap that no one actually needs......merely for the purposes of showing off. And most of it being bought on credit. So when you see a Korean driving a Mercedes or a Lexus. They don't own it. Their bank owns it.
作为一个在韩国生活过几年的人，我敢肯定和你们说，韩国人远没有人们所想的那般富裕。他们拥有全亚洲最高的家庭债务。据我所知，大部分韩国人都生活在债务之中。绝大部分人都有好几张信用卡，我经常看到韩国人用一张信用卡还另一张信用卡的债。然而我在韩国目睹到的最大的问题就是韩国人的思维已经美国化了，他们认为自己需要通过购买各种昂贵的品牌商品以追赶邻居的步伐，他们会购买很多毫无用处的昂贵垃圾，仅仅是为了炫耀，而且大部分时候他们都是赊账买的。所以当你目睹一个韩国人开着奔驰或者雷克萨斯时，你需要知道一点，这些豪车不是他们的，而是银行的。
Lexus ? I didn`t know any koreans drive a japanese brand.
雷克萨斯？我认识的韩国人中没有任何人开日本车。
It's amazing how deep the Korean industries had ties with the government.
韩国企业与政府之间的联系居然如此紧密，实在太让人诧异了。
It always like that, even in America
一直如此，甚至美国也一样。
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Korea is actually slowly moving away from a chaebol-dominated economy as new faces and innovators have appeared in the transitionary period into internet-service-based economy. Naver and Kakao for example. Taiwan's economic structure is actually more concerning because they're solely relying on TSMC
韩国实际上正在缓慢地摆脱财阀主导的经济体系。因为在转向互联网产业的这一过渡时期出现了一些新的面孔和创新者，比如Naver和Kakao。台湾地区的经济结构倒是更令人担忧，因为他们完全依赖台积电一家企业。
Completely agree that innovative tech companies like Naver and Kakao are leading a new wave in Korea away from chaebols.
完全赞同，Naver和Kakao这样的创新科技公司正在引领韩国脱离财阀的新浪潮。
"Top 1% of Koreans claim 12% of the income."
US: Rookie numbers! (Our top 1% owns 27%).
“1%的韩国人占据了12%的收入”
美国：就这...我们最富裕的那1%占据了27%的收入。
@Roland Fantasia Do you mean wealth and not income?
@Roland Fantasia 你这数字说的是财富而非收入吧？
Many other underdeveloped countries received massive amounts of foreign aid and tried to build export-oriented industries around the same time (1950s 60’s 70s) but failed to mature the same way the Korean economy did.
上世纪50，60，70年代世界上有许多欠发达国家也曾接受大量外国援助，并试图建立出口导向型产业，然而他们的经济都没有像韩国那样走向成熟。
Exactly!!
确实！
The elderly poverty rate among Koreans is the highest in the OECD.if you go to Korea, you will see a lot of elderly people doing hard work like cleaning toilets, even though they are well past their retirement age. The IMF generation is the saddest generation in Korea, which suffered a war in the 50s, a dictatorship in the 80s, and suffered the most from the economic crisis in the 90s. Therefore, Korea has the highest suicide rate for the elderly in the world. Moreover, Korea's life expectancy is the third highest in the world exacerbating this problem.
韩国老年人的贫困率是经合组织国家中最高的。如果你去了韩国，就会看到很多老人从事那些非常辛苦繁重的工作，比如打扫厕所，即便这些老人已经超过了退休年龄。这些老人在50年代经历过战争，在80年代经历过独裁统治，又在90年代经历了经济危机，IMF一代是最悲惨的一代。因此，韩国老人的自杀率也是全世界最高的。此外韩国所拥有世界第三高的人均寿命也加剧了这一问题。
Complaining about wealth inequality and big business, then electing a conservative CEO who actively exacerbates these problems.
韩国人一边抱怨财富分配不公和大企业，一边又投票选出了一个将加剧这些问题的保守派总统
I thought so too. I mean, what was even the logic behind it?
我也想到了这个。我的意思是，这种情况真的有逻辑可言吗？
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@Anon Me The logic is that "it used to be better 20 years ago" but they didn't realize that the government decisions 20 years ago is what caused inequality in the first place. So they took a step back and made things worse, shocking ain't it
@Anon Me 他们的逻辑就是“20年前的日子更好”，然而他们没有意识到正是20年前政府所作出的决定造就了今天的这种不平等。所以他们选择后退一步，让事情变得愈发糟糕，很让人震惊的逻辑，不是吗？
The Korean Chaebol-dominated strategy has a huge advantages when going into high-tech segments where huge capital, high intellectual property density economy . Taiwan was getting crushed for a period of time because many direct competitors to Samsung simply didn't have the scale nor the money to fight such a juggernaut. The unfortunate reality is that, though we are not getting slaughtered like 10 years ago, but that's only because some of the industry champions in Taiwan had grown to be so massive that they can fight the Chaebols on equal footing.Yes, we have created our own version of Chaebol!
韩国的这种财阀主导型经济战略在进入那些资本需求大，知识产权密集的高科技领域时往往能具备很大的优势。曾经一段时间，台湾的企业一直处于崩溃的状态，因为许多三星的竞争对手根本没有足够的规模和资金去对抗这样一个庞然大物。一个不幸的现实就是，虽然我们已经不会像10前那样被韩国财阀随意屠戮，但这也仅仅是因为台湾的一些行业领头羊已经庞大到能够与韩国财阀竞争了。是的，我们创造了自己的财阀！
Koreans found that they had trouble with capitalistic politicians, so they decided to elect even more capitalistic politicians
韩国人发现自己与他们的资本主义政治家之间存在矛盾，所以他们决定选出一些更资本主义的政治家。
Worked in Korea, and honestly the work culture there is soooo bad. The managers and higher ups are literally crazy, they will lie and gaslight you, and blame you for random problems just to save a little face, or to establish a hierarchy.Now do you don't think I'm bashing a country, they do have wonderful public transportation, and healthcare is cheap and the taxes for it were not expensive at all. I think we could implement that here in America. However, America is a much better country to live in by far. What also made me sad, is that Korean food in America seems to be better than the Korean food in Korea. Idk, am I crazy?
我曾经在韩国工作过，说句老实话，那里的职场文化实在太糟糕了。经理和高层简直就是些疯子，为了自己那点面子抑或是为了建立一个等级制度，他们会对手下的员工撒谎、指手画脚，会把一些随机的问题归咎到你身上。你们不要以为我是在抨击这个国家。他们的公共交通很棒，医疗保健也很便宜，而且税收也不高。我认为这些优点都是我们美国可以借鉴的。然而目前看来，美国依旧是一个比韩国更加宜居的国家。此外还有一件事情让我感到颇为难过，美国的韩国菜似乎比韩国的韩餐更好吃，我这是疯了吗？
Korean food in America is not delicious lol what are u talking abt? U r weird
美国的韩国菜根本不好吃，哈哈，你说得啥玩意儿啊？真是个怪人。
As a Korean who have experience on both countries, I do agree with you. But Food? oh no never. Most korean foods in America restaurants were too bad.
作为在韩美两个国家都生活过的韩国人，我赞同你的观点，至于食物那部分？噢，不~大部分美国餐馆的韩国菜都十分糟糕。
I'm so glad u made this. In America u will never hear anything bad about South Korea or anything good about North Korea.
很高兴看到你制作了这个视频。在美国，你永远听不到任何韩国坏的一面，也听不到任何朝鲜好的一面。
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