17 Different Car Engine Types

17种不同的汽车发动机类型

The evolution of car engines runs parallel with the development of car models and designs. Simply put, it has quite a bit of history too. Modern car engines are complicated and specially designed to meet our various needs.

汽车发动机的发展与汽车模型和设计的发展是同步的。简单地说，它也有相当多的历史。现代汽车发动机是复杂的，是专门设计来满足我们的各种需求的。

A few people prefer more power, while others focus only on fuel efficiency. To satisfy the need of every customer, car manufacturers have devised several different car engine types over the past few decades. Today, we are going to explain each type of car engine out there to increase your knowledge about engines.

一些人喜欢更大动力的汽车，而另一些人只关注燃油效率。为了满足每一位客户的需求，汽车制造商在过去几十年里设计了几种不同的汽车发动机类型。今天，我们将为大家讲解每一种汽车发动机，以增加大家对发动机的了解。

Internal Combustion Engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a type of heat engine where the combustion of fuel takes place inside the chamber. When the fuel burns inside the engine, it causes the temperature and the pressure to increase. This high pressure produced by combustion is then applied directly to power pistons, rotors, or a nozzle.

内燃机
内燃机是一种热机，燃料在燃烧室内燃烧。当燃油在发动机内燃烧时，会导致温度和压力升高。燃烧产生的高压直接作用于动力活塞、转子或喷嘴。

It’s the force that moves your car over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy. These engines are generally used in automobile industries to power cars. An internal combustion engine can be categorized on many bases, for instance, type of ignition, number of strokes, design, and so on.

它是驱动你的汽车行驶一段距离的力量，将化学能转化为有用的机械能。这些发动机一般用于汽车工业为汽车提供动力。内燃机可以根据许多基础进行分类，例如，点火类型、冲程数、设计等等。

A heat engine can also be distinguished as an External Combustion Engine, where the combustion of fuel takes place in an external source. Here, we are not going to elaborate external combustion engine since it is not used in cars. So let’s begin.

热机也可以称为外燃机，在外燃机中，燃料在外部燃烧。在这里，我们不打算详细阐述外燃发动机，因为它不用于汽车。让我们开始吧。

Based on Number of Strokes

基于笔划数

17. Two-Stroke Engine

17.二冲程发动机
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In a two-stroke engine, a piston completes a power cycle with two strokes – one up and down inside the cylinder to complete one crankshaft revolution during a single time of fuel burn.

在二冲程发动机中，活塞通过两个冲程完成动力循环——在一次燃料燃烧中，活塞在气缸内上下运动一次，完成曲轴的一次旋转。

In this type of engine, the end of the combustion stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke happen simultaneously, which means the intake and exhaust functions occur at the same time. The two-stroke engine has high torque compared to a four-stroke engine.

在这种类型的发动机中，燃烧冲程的结束和压缩冲程的开始同时发生，这意味着进气和排气功能同时发生。与四冲程发动机相比，二冲程发动机具有更高的扭矩。

16. Four-Stroke Engine

16.四冲程发动机


A four-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine variant in which the piston completes four strokes while turning a crankshaft. The mechanism here is different from that of two-stroke engines.

四冲程发动机是内燃机的变种，活塞在转动曲轴时完成四个冲程。这里的机制与二冲程发动机不同。

Here piston moves two times up and down inside the cylinder and completes two crankshaft revolutions. This type of engine has a high average compared to two-stroke engines. Four-stroke engines are more commonly used in cars and trucks.

活塞在气缸内上下运动两次，完成曲轴的两次转动。与二冲程发动机相比，这种发动机的平均性能较高。四冲程发动机更常用于汽车和卡车。

15. Six-Stroke Engine

15.六冲程发动机


Although the six-stroke internal combustion engine is in its development phase, it’s already creating a lot of buzz in the motor industry. The six-stroke engine has several dedicated advantages over the traditional motors and may result in increased fuel efficiency, reduced mechanical complexity, and reduced emissions.

虽然六冲程内燃机还处于开发阶段，但它已经在汽车行业引起了很大的轰动。与传统发动机相比，六冲程发动机有几个专门的优势，可能会提高燃油效率，降低机械复杂性，并减少排放。

Design-Based
14. Reciprocating Engine

基于设计
14.往复式发动机
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The main component of a reciprocating engine is a piston, which is used to convert pressure into rotating motion. There may be one or more pistons in an engine; each of them is located inside a cylinder. When pressurized gas is injected and heated inside the cylinder, the piston(s) initiate reciprocating or to and fro motion. This motion is converted into rotary motion with the help of a crankshaft.

往复式发动机的主要部件是活塞，它用来将压力转化为旋转运动。发动机中可能有一个或多个活塞;每一个都位于一个圆柱体内。当注入加压气体并在气缸内加热时，活塞开始往复运动或来回运动。这种运动在曲轴的帮助下转化为旋转运动。

13. Wankel Engine

汪克尔发动机


The Wankel engine is also known as a rotor engine because it uses an eccentric rotary system (instead of a piston) to convert pressure into rotating motion. It is simpler, smoother, and much more compact compared to its more popular competitor, reciprocating or piston engine.

汪克尔发动机也称为转子发动机，因为它使用偏心旋转系统(而不是活塞)将压力转化为旋转运动。与其更受欢迎的竞争对手往复式或活塞式发动机相比，它更简单、更平稳、更紧凑。

Even though it is mechanically better than pistons, Wankel engines are not typically used in the auto industry. They are not efficient and suffers from poor fuel efficiency and emissions problems.

尽管汪克尔发动机在机械性能上优于活塞，但它并不常用于汽车行业。它们效率不高，并且存在燃料效率低和排放问题。

Since Wankel engines produce more power pulses per revolution compared to two-stroke and four-stroke engines, they are generally used in racing cars. One of the most popular examples being Mazda’s RX-8.

与二冲程和四冲程发动机相比，汪克尔发动机每转产生更多的功率脉冲，因此通常用于赛车。最受欢迎的例子之一是马自达的RX-8。

Based on the Ignition Method
12. Compression-Ignition Engine

基于点火方法
12.压燃式发动机


In a compression ignition engine, the combustion of fuel in the chamber is triggered by the high temperatures achieved by gas or air due to adiabatic compression. Diesel engines are a perfect example of a compression ignition engine since it works only by compressing the air.

在压燃式发动机中，燃料在燃烧室中的燃烧是由气体或空气由于绝热压缩而达到的高温引发的。柴油发动机是压燃式发动机的一个完美例子，因为它只通过压缩空气来工作。

There are numerous advantages of having a diesel engine over other internal combustion engines. Higher thermodynamic efficiency and reduced parasitic load on the engine are just a few of those.

与其他内燃机相比，柴油发动机有许多优点。更高的热力学效率和减少发动机上的寄生负载只是其中的一部分。

11. Spark-Ignition engine

11.火花点火发动机


All petrol engines are based on spark ignition, where a spark plug ignites the combustion of the air-fuel mixture. Even though spark-ignition engines are commonly referred to as “petrol engines,” they can also run on autogas (LPG), methanol, bioethanol, compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen, and nitromethane.

所有汽油发动机都是基于火花点火，火花塞点燃空气燃料混合物的燃烧。尽管火花点火发动机通常被称为“汽油发动机”，但它们也可以使用天然气(LPG)、甲醇、生物乙醇、压缩天然气(CNG)、氢气和硝基甲烷。

10. Electric Motor

10.电动机


Unlike traditional ICE-powered cars, electric cars get power from their pre-installed rechargeable batteries. These batteries not only power the engine, but other electrical equipment too. An electric motor simply converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

与传统的内燃机动力汽车不同，电动汽车的动力来自预先安装的充电电池。这些电池不仅为发动机提供动力，也为其他电气设备提供动力。电动机只是把电能转换成机械能。

Even-though, electric cars became somewhat popular in the late 20th century, the first-ever electric car was produced in the late 1880s. Since 2008, due to concerns about increasing greenhouse gas emissions and hike in fuel prices, the growth in electric vehicles has seen a positive trend.

尽管电动汽车在20世纪末变得有些流行，但第一辆电动汽车是在19世纪80年代末生产的。自2008年以来，由于对温室气体排放增加和燃油价格上涨的担忧，电动汽车的增长出现了积极的趋势。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Electric motors are more effective than traditional ICE in converting stored energy. They also have higher onboard efficiency than diesel engines. Most electric cars today, either use lithium-ion or lead-acid batteries. Each has their own (dis)advantages.

在转换储存能量方面，电动马达比传统内燃机更有效。它们的车载效率也比柴油发动机高。如今，大多数电动汽车要么使用锂离子电池，要么使用铅酸电池。每个国家都有自己的(不同)优势。

9. HCCI

9.均质压燃


HCCI, or Homogeneous charge compression engine, is a revolutionary step towards minimizing emissions and maximizing fuel efficiency. The HCCI technology combines characteristics of conventional gasoline engines and diesel engines to produce a hybrid solution.

均质压燃，或均质充气压缩发动机，是朝着最小化排放和最大化燃油效率迈出的革命性一步。均质压燃技术结合了传统汽油发动机和柴油发动机的特点，产生了一种混合动力解决方案。

Although its lesser core temperature (while burning fuel) causes a negligible amount of Nitrogen oxide emissions, it leads to incomplete burning of fuel, which result in relatively high carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. As of 2017, no HCCI engines are produced commercially. However, we have several functioning HCCI prototypes.

虽然其较低的核心温度(在燃烧燃料时)导致可忽略不计的氮氧化物排放，但它会导致燃料的不完全燃烧，从而导致相对较高的一氧化碳和碳氢化合物排放。截至2017年，没有均质压燃发动机投入商业生产。然而，我们有几个功能均质压燃原型。

Based on Number of Cylinders
8. Single Cylinder Engine

基于气缸数量
8.单缸发动机


Single-cylinder engines have only one cylinder connected to the crankshaft. They are compact, lightweight, and have a better weight to power ratio. Single-cylinder engines are used in motorcycles, motor scooters, dirt bikes, and go-karts.

单缸发动机只有一个汽缸连接到曲轴。它们结构紧凑，重量轻，具有更好的重量功率比。单缸发动机用于摩托车，摩托车，越野自行车和卡丁车。

7. Multiple Cylinder Engine

7. 多缸发动机


Multiple cylinder engine is just the opposite of single-cylinder variant: the engine has multiple cylinders instead of one. It can be either a 2-stroke or 4-stroke engine, either diesel or spark-ignition.

多缸发动机与单缸发动机正好相反：发动机有多个气缸，而不是一个气缸。它可以是二冲程或四冲程发动机，既可以是柴油发动机，也可以是火花点火发动机。

They offer several advantages over single-cylinder engines. It is capable of achieving higher revolutions per minute (RPM) and has a superior capability to neutralize imbalances.

与单缸发动机相比，它们有几个优点。它能够实现更高的每分钟转数（RPM），并具有消除不平衡的优越能力。

According to the Arrangement of Cylinder
6. In-line engine

根据气缸的排列方式。
6.直列发动机


What does it mean when someone says it’s an inline engine? Well, it is just an alignment or the shape of cylinders. In inline engines, cylinders are arranged in a straight line — one behind the other — along with the length of the crankshaft.

有人说是直列发动机是什么意思？嗯，这只是一个排列或圆柱体的形状。在直列发动机中，气缸沿着曲轴的长度成直线排列，一个接一个。

Among its three different variants, inline-four is the most popular in the automotive industry as it is compact, fuel-efficient, and gives a higher power to weight ratio than flat-six or eight engines.

在其三种不同的变体中，直列四缸发动机是汽车行业中最受欢迎的，因为它紧凑、省油，并且比水平六缸或八缸发动机具有更高的功率重量比。

5. V engine

5.v型发动机


The cylinders and pistons in a V-type engine are aligned in two separate planes, in such a way that they appear to be in a “V” shape when viewed from the top. The unique shape of this engine substantially reduces the overall engine weight and length compared to inline engines.

V型发动机中的气缸和活塞排列在两个独立的平面上，这样，从顶部看，它们呈“V”形。与直列发动机相比，这款发动机的独特外形大大降低了发动机的整体重量和长度。

4. W Engine

4.w发动机
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处



The W engine first came into existence in 1909, when the Anzani three-bank engine powered the Blériot XI aircraft to cross the English channel. However, the first commercial use of this engine in the automotive industry was achieved by Volkswagen. The W (or double V) shaped engine has three different configurations which are as follows:

W 发动机首次出现是在1909年，当时安扎尼的三排发动机驱动布莱里奥11飞机穿越英吉利海峡。然而，这种发动机在汽车工业中的首次商业应用是由大众汽车实现的。W 型(或双 V 型)发动机有三种不同的配置如下:

The first configuration consists of three banks of cylinders sharing a common crankshaft. It is also known as broad arrow configuration due to its resemblance to the British broad arrow property mark.

第一种配置由共享一个曲轴的三排气缸组成。它也被称为宽箭头配置，因为它类似于英国宽箭头属性标记。

The second one is four banks of cylinders sharing a common crankshaft. This is also known as a ‘double-V’ engine.

第二种是四排气缸共用一个曲轴。这也被称为“双V”发动机。第二种是四排气缸共用一个曲轴。这也被称为“双V”发动机。

The third and last configuration features an engine with two banks of cylinders with two crankshafts.

第三种也是最后一种配置的特点是发动机有两排气缸和两根曲轴。

The W shaped engines are mostly used in Volkswagen cars, most notably in Bugatti Veyron.

W型发动机主要用于大众汽车，最著名的是布加迪威龙。

3. OPOC engine

对置活塞对置气缸发动机


An OPOC engine consists of two cylinders with a piston at both ends. There is no cylinder head, and thus no valves. Compared to conventional engines, the opposed cylinder opposed-piston engine has very low bearing loads, meaning there will be less friction. And since it is quite small in size, it has a high power to weight ratio.

对置活塞对置气缸发动机由两个气缸组成，两端各有一个活塞。没有气缸盖，因此没有阀门。与传统发动机相比，对置气缸对置活塞发动机的轴承负荷非常低，这意味着摩擦更少。由于它的体积很小，所以它具有很高的功率重量比。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


According to Air-intake Process
2. Naturally Aspirated

根据进气过程。
2.自然进气


Naturally aspirated engine is a type of ICE in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and does not rely on forced induction through a turbocharger or a supercharger. Many sports cars specifically use naturally aspirated engines to avoid turbo lag. Most automobile petrol engines, as well as many small engines used for non-automotive purposes, are naturally aspirated.

自然吸气式发动机是内燃机的一种，它的进气完全取决于大气压力，不依赖涡轮增压器或增压器的强制诱导。许多跑车专门使用自然吸气发动机，以避免涡轮滞后。大多数汽车汽油发动机，以及许多用于非汽车用途的小型发动机，都是自然吸气的。

1. Supercharged and Turbocharged Engine

1.机械增压和涡轮增压发动机


Supercharged and Turbocharged engines have some fundamental differences. A supercharger uses crankshaft to drive energy and produce power rather than exhaust stream like in turbochargers.

增压发动机和涡轮增压发动机有一些根本区别。 增压器使用曲轴来驱动能量并产生动力，而不是像涡轮增压器那样使用废气流。

Superchargers are connected directly to the engine via a belt, and thus they can achieve speeds up to 50,000 RPM. Whereas, turbochargers are not directly connected to the engine and can go up to 15,000 RPM. Moreover, Turbochargers are equipped with smog altering instruments that lower the carbon emission, so they are more eco-friendly than superchargers.

增压器通过皮带直接连接到发动机上，因此它们可以达到高达每分钟50,000转的速度。然而，涡轮增压器并不直接与发动机相连，最高转速可达15,000转。此外，涡轮增压机配备了雾霾改变装置，可以降低碳排放，因此它们比增压机更环保。