1 in 5 men dies before 65 – don’t be that guy. These Men’s Health Week tips, from taking your pulse to checking for lumps, could save your life

五分之一的男性在 65 岁之前死亡——不要成为其中的一员。
男性健康周提示,从检测脉搏到检查肿块,可以挽救你的生命。

Many men don’t go for medical check-ups because they ignore symptoms, fear learning what might be wrong or feel vulnerable during examinations by doctors
Cultural norms are also at play, a doctor says. But there are ways men can monitor their own health, such as the six self-check tips a UK charity provides

许多男性不去体检,因为他们忽略了症状,害怕知道可能出了什么问题,或者在医生检查时感到忧心忡忡。
一位医生说,这是受到了文化传统的影响。但男性可以通过多种方式监测自己的健康状况,例如英国慈善机构提供的六个自我检查技巧。


Some men ignore symptoms of ill-health because they fear hearing bad news. Photo: Shutterstock

一些男性忽视健康不良的症状,因为他们害怕听到坏消息。照片:Shutterstock
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Why, when some men catch a cold, do they make it out to be something more serious – suggesting pneumonia or bronchitis? And yet when they’re really sick, they ignore the symptoms, minimise their discomfort and avoid the doctor?

为什么,当一些男人只是得个感冒,但他们会觉得病情比较严重——觉得自己得了肺炎或支气管炎?然而当他们真的生病时,他们会忽视症状,尽量不在乎不适感,并避开医生?

Ahead of Men’s Health Week, which starts on June 13, Dr Johnathan Chow Jun-fung, doctor-in-charge of the men’s health service of Hong Kong’s Family Planning Association, explains that men are often perceived as the stronger sex, a view “further burdened by cultural norms of masculinity, braveness, and self-dependence”.

在 6 月 13 日开始的男性健康周之前,香港家庭计划指导会男性健康服务负责的医生乔纳森·周解释说,男性通常被认为是更强大的性别。例如爷们儿气质,勇敢,独立自强这样的对男性的传统标签进一步加重了男性的负担。
(译注:香港家庭计划指导会(The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong ),简称家计会或FPAHK,是中国香港一个志愿机构,致力为港人提倡、推广及提供性与生殖健康方面的资讯、教育、医疗及辅导服务)

They’re expected to “man up”, or ignore health concerns. Some men say they are afraid of learning what might be wrong, and they feel vulnerable and uncomfortable during examinations. And this often prevents them from seeking necessary care.
Men’s life expectancy is universally shorter than that of women – one in five men dies before 65; 75 per cent of premature deaths from heart disease are in men; 67 per cent of men are overweight; middle-aged men are twice as likely to have diabetes as women; four out of five suicides are men.

他们被期望勇敢,却忽视了健康问题。一些男生说他们害怕听到错误,他们在检查的时候感到脆弱和不安。这种情绪会阻止他们寻求必要的治疗。男性的预期寿命普遍低于女性——五分之一的男性在65岁之前死亡;心脏病过早死亡的75%是男性;67%的男性超重;中年男性患糖尿病的可能性是女性的两倍;五分之四的自杀者是男性。


Dr. Johnathan Chow, doctor-in-charge of the men’s health service at the Hong Kong Family Planning Association.

香港家庭计划指导会男性健康服务主管医生乔纳森·周医生。

In addition, men are more likely to smoke, eat and drink more, including eating too much meat and not enough fruit and vegetables.They are also more susceptible to illness on account of “the different interplay of biological factors, including differences in hormones, genetics and metabolism, which increase men’s predilection for developing life-threatening chronic diseases such as coronary artery diseases, stroke, and liver diseases at an earlier age”, Chow says.

此外男性容易大鱼大肉,喝酒抽烟,吃蔬菜和水果相对较少。周医生解释说:“由于不同的生物因素相互影响,包括激素,遗传,新陈代谢的差异,他们更容易生病,男性更容易患上危及生命的慢性病,如冠状动脉疾病,中风和肝脏类疾病的趋势越来越年轻化。

That’s why, he stresses, “it’s crucial for men to take action as early as possible; avoidance won’t make the problem go away and it could harm the individual in the long run”.

这就是为什么他强调,“对男性来说,尽早采取行动是至关重要的;回避不会让问题消失,因为从长远来看,是对自己有害的”。

What complaints force men to see their doctor?
Chow says the most common issues he sees “include sexual dysfunction problems, including erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE) and low sexual desire; sexually transmitted disease screening; male sterilisation; lower urinary tract symptoms – especially associated with benign prostate hypertrophy, subfertility and genital dermatosis (skin lesions) and pain”.

哪些疾病迫使男性去看医生?
周医生说,他看到的最常见的问题包括性功能障碍问题,包括勃起功能障碍(ED)、早泄(PE)和性欲低下;性传播疾病筛查;男性绝育;下尿路症状——尤其与良性前列腺肥大、生育能力低下和生殖器皮肤病(皮肤损伤)和疼痛有关的”。
(译注:勃起功能障碍(Erectile Dysfunction,ED)又称阴茎勃起障碍,指持续性的不能达到或不能维持充分的勃起以获得满意的性生活,病程在3个月以上。国际勃起功能问卷-5(international index of erectile function, IIEF-5)是ED诊断的重要工具之一,内容包括阴茎勃起及维持的信心、完全勃起进入阴道频率、进入阴道后维持坚挺的频率、性交时保持勃起的困难程度、3个月内对性生活和性关系的满意度等5个问题每个问题0-6个等级分。根据评估结果,ED的严重程度可分为轻度、中度、重度。IIEF-5评分小于7分为重度ED,8-11分为中度ED,12-21分为轻度ED,22-25分为无ED。)

Erectile dysfunction is defined as the inability to achieve a sustained erection for intercourse. It can affect men at any age, with increasing prence and severity in advanced age.

勃起功能障碍被定义为无法实现持续的勃起以进行性交。
它可以影响任何年龄段的男性,随着年龄的增长,发病率和严重性都会增加。

A 2017 population survey by the Family Planning Association of Hong Kong among women of reproductive age showed the prence of erectile dysfunction in their partners was around 4.8 per cent.

香港家庭计划指导会2017年对育龄女性进行的一项人口调查显示,她们的伴侣勃起功能障碍的患病率约为4.8%。

Chow says the proportion of patients consulting for erectile dysfunction has gradually risen, from 18.4 per cent in 2016 to 21.4 per cent in 2021. Patients as young as 18 may seek help.

周医生表示,患者咨询勃起功能障碍的比例逐渐上升,从2016年的18.4%上升到2021年的21.4%。年仅18岁的患者也可能会寻求帮助。

Erectile dysfunction is often a crucial indicator of something bigger and more serious: atherosclerosis – the thickening or hardening of arteries, diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol – another risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease which could lead to potentially fatal consequences such as heart attack or stroke.

勃起功能障碍通常是更大、更严重的疾病的关键迹象:
如动脉粥样硬化——动脉增厚或硬化。
糖尿病。
高血压和高胆固醇——导致心血管疾病的风险因素,可能导致心脏病发作或中风等潜在的致命后果。

That’s why it’s so important men don’t ignore what may on the surface manifest as a glitch in their love life.
Premature ejaculation is just that – ejaculation that happens too soon or too fast. In his practice, Chow says six to seven per cent of his patients have this complaint. And while it might be embarrassing to talk to your doctor about it, it’s not uncommon, and the prognosis for a positive outcome is good.

这就是为什么男人们千万不要忽视他们爱情生活中表面上可能出现的小问题是如此重要。
早泄是射精发生得又快又短暂。在他的诊所里,有6%到7%的病人有这种症状。尽管与医生谈论这件事可能会让人尴尬,但这并不罕见,而且预先获得正面反馈是好的。
(译注:早泄(prospermia)是最常见的射精功能障碍,以性交之始即行排精,甚至性交前即泄精,不能进行正常性生活为主要表现,发病率占成年男子的1/3以上。早泄的定义尚有争议,通常以男性的射精潜伏期或女性在性交中达到性高潮的频度来评价,如以男性在性交时失去控制射精的能力,则阴茎插入阴道之前或刚插入即射精为标准;或以女性在性交中达到性高潮的频度少于50%为标准来定义早泄,但这些都未被普遍接受。因为男性的射精潜伏期受年龄、禁欲时间长短、身体状况、情绪心理等因素影响,女性性高潮的发生频度亦受身体状态、情感变化、周围环境等因素影响。另外,射精潜伏期时间的长短也有个体差异,一般认为,健康男性在阴茎插入阴道2~6分钟后发生射精,即为正常。)

So how can we encourage the men we love to seek care – especially when something has apparently gone wrong in a private part of their body?

那么,我们如何鼓励我们爱的男人寻求治疗呢?尤其是当他们身体的某个隐私部位明显出了问题的时候?

“Partners are encouraged to be empathetic, compassionate and judgment-free. With regards to PE and ED, which are the most commonly encountered sexual dysfunction problems in our clinic, we encourage men to bring their partner with them to a consultation to enable a mutual learning opportunity. The more their partners know, the better they are prepared to help,” says Chow.

周医生说:“对待啪啪啪的小伙伴要有同理心、同情心,以及不要妄加判断。
勃起功能障碍(ED)、早泄(PE)和性欲低下,这是我们诊所最常见的性功能障碍问题,我们鼓励男性可以带着他们的伴侣一起咨询,以提供相互学习的机会。他们的伴侣知道的越多,他们的伴侣就越愿意提供帮助。

“It’s important for men to understand that ED and PE are not a reflection of their masculinity and that the relationship is just as valued. By reassuring them that these are common problems, couples can stay positive about these treatable conditions given the array of available treatments.”

“对男人来说,重要的是要明白男子气概并不是指勃起功能障碍(ED)、早泄(PE)和性欲低下,关系才是最重要的。
通过向他们述说这些只是常见的问题,夫妇们可以在清楚可以治疗的情况下保持积极态度。”
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Men still show reluctance to be screened for sexually transmitted infections – or STIs. But they need to have it to avoid passing one along. Men and women should be tested with every new partner, especially because some infections, such as chlamydia, can be asymptomatic and lead to complications such as chronic pain and infertility even in men.

男性仍然不愿接受性传播的感染或性病的筛查。但他们需要接受筛查,以避免传染。
男性和女性应该与每一个新的伴侣一起进行检测,特别是因为一些感染,如衣原体感染,可能是无症状的,甚至也会导致男性慢性疼痛和不孕等并发症。
(译注:衣原体是一种比病毒大,比细菌小的能在细胞内生长的微生物。衣原体感染是由各种衣原体感染引起。的一组感染性疾病。可引起动物和人类的子宫感染、早产、流产、尿道感染、肺炎、支气管炎、胃肠炎、脑脊髓炎、结膜炎和关节炎等多种疾病。传播途径分为性传播(性传播是直接传播的表现途径,是衣原体感染较为常见的原因,在性生活中如果不注意卫生,或者性伙伴过多,又或者性生活过于频繁,很容易造成衣原体感染,而且还很有可能感染其他疾病,所以一定要保证性生活健康,禁止存在多个性伙伴。),间接传播(比如与患者共用毛巾等私人物品),母婴传播(母婴沙眼衣原体感染可以通过产道接触感染、宫内感染及产褥期感染,其中产道接触感染比较多见。))

Here’s a list of steps men can take to assess their own health condition, courtesy of the UK-based charity Men’s Health Forum.

以下是英国慈善机构“男性健康论坛”提供的一份男性评估自身健康状况的步骤清单。

1. Keep an eye on your pulse rate
You can take your pulse with two fingers on your wrist. Know your resting pulse rate and understand the difference between that number and when you exercise and – crucially – the time it takes to return to resting rate. A high resting heart rate is indicative of poor fitness levels as is a heart rate that remains elevated minutes after exertion.

1.注意你的脉搏。
你可以用手腕上的两个手指测量脉搏。了解你的静息脉搏率,了解这个数字与你锻炼时的差异,关键是了解恢复静息脉搏率所需的时间。较高的静息心率表明健康水平较差,而在运动后几分钟仍保持较高的心率也是如此。


If your middle measures more than 94cm (37 inches), you’re probably overweight and need to do something about it. Photo: Shutterstock

如果你的腰围超过94厘米(37英寸),你可能超重了,那你就需要做点什么了。图片:Shutterstock

2. Be honest about how much excess weight you’re carrying – especially around your middle
Measure the belly at the widest point – usually at belly button level. If the number is more than 94cm (37 inches), you’re probably overweight, which predisposes you to risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and even cancer.
If the number is greater than 101cm, you’re considered obese and need to speak to your doctor, as the risk of all of the above rises with the number on the tape measure.

2.对自己超重的体重要诚实——尤其是腰围。
在最宽的位置测量腹部——通常是在肚脐位置水平测量。
如果这个数字超过94厘米(37英寸),你很可能超重,这会使你有患心血管疾病、糖尿病甚至癌症的风险。
如果数字大于101厘米,那你就是肥胖,需要咨询医生,因为随着测量卷尺上的数字增加,上述所有问题的风险都会增加。

3. Notice change in how you look or feel
Look in the mirror. Are any moles changing shape or bleeding? Any lumps? Are you suffering any breathlessness or unexplained pain, especially in the chest area? A persistent cough? Blood where you don’t expect to see blood – in your saliva, in the toilet bowl? Any change in bowel movements?
These may mean nothing. Or they could be a marker of something really serious. See your doctor anyway.

3.注意你的外表或感觉上的变化。
照照镜子。有没有痣变形或出血?有肿块吗?你有没有感到呼吸困难或不明原因的疼痛,尤其是在胸部?持续咳嗽?并在某些你不觉得会出现血的地方出现了血——如唾液里,马桶里?大便有变化吗?
这些可能毫无意义,或者,它们可能是一些非常严重的病情的提示。不管怎样,去找医生看看吧。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


4. Monitor your bathroom breaks
How often are you having to pee? Does it flow easily? Are you waking up to pee more often at night?
Peeing more often or difficulty peeing could be a symptom of prostate enlargement, which is not necessarily a sign of prostate cancer. But it could be, so get it checked. Peeing often in large amounts is a pointer for diabetes.

4.注意你在卫生间的变化
你多久小便一次?小便畅通吗?你是不是更经常在晚上醒来小便?
尿频或小便困难可能是前列腺肥大的症状,但不一定是前列腺癌的征兆。但也有可能,所以去检查一下吧。经常大量小便是糖尿病的征兆。

5. Check your blood pressure
Be aware of what the healthy range is and work to get there. That might be by losing weight or decreasing your salt intake. High blood pressure, hypertension, puts you at risk for many ailments, including stroke.

5.检查你的血压。
并且要清楚血压数值的安全范围,并努力达到这个目标。这可能需要通过减肥或减少盐的摄入来实现的。高血压现象和高血压,会使你面临许多疾病的风险,包括中风。
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


6. Give your testes a good feel in the shower from time to time
Any lumps? Testicular cancer is more common in young men, in their 20s to mid-30s. Caught early, it’s highly treatable.

6.在淋浴的时候,睾丸是否经常保持良好。
有肿块吗?睾丸癌在20多岁至30多岁的年轻男性中更常见。如果发现得早,是很容易治愈的。