Quora网友Mia Brown问答合集（5）

Q：Is the USA more feared than Russia and China in the world?
 
问：在世界上，美国比俄罗斯和中国更可怕吗？
 
Mia Brown
, Master World Literatures & Chinese
Answered May 27
Back in 2019, a survey by Pew Research Center found that there is much more fear of the United States around the world. And it’s not just in countries that have traditionally been unsatisfied with Washington or those favorable toward Russia. Even western people are no longer hiding their growing anti-American sentiments. According to Der Spiegel, most Germans are critical of the United States, with 36 percent of respondents saying that the U.S. is a greater threat to Germany than Russia or China. 51 percent believe that the U.S. hurts world democracy.
In addition to Germany, many other countries around the world also consider the U.S. a greater threat to democracy. The findings come in a poll commissioned by the Alliance of Democracies Foundation among 50,000 respondents in 53 countries. In the survey, the majority of respondents believe that it is the United States, not Russia and China, that threatens world stability, according to The Guardian.
 
早在2019年，皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）的一项调查就发现，全世界对美国的恐惧要大得多。而且，这不仅发生在传统上对华盛顿不满意或与俄罗斯交好的国家，甚至是西方人也不再掩饰他们日益增长的反美情绪。据《明镜周刊》报道，大多数德国人对美国持批评态度，36%的受访者表示，美国对德国的威胁大于俄罗斯或中国。51%的人认为美国损害了世界民主。
除德国外，世界上许多其他国家也认为美国对民主构成了更大的威胁。这项调查是由民主国家联盟基金会委托对53个国家的50000名受访者进行的民意调查得出的。据《卫报》报道，在调查中，大多数受访者都认为威胁世界稳定的是美国而不是俄罗斯和中国。
 
Following I will list four ways that the US hurts the world.
First, political bullying.
Brutal interference in the internal affairs of other countries is a distinctive feature of U.S. hegemonic diplomacy. For a long time, with its economic, military, and technological strength, the U.S. has been using both soft and hard methods in interfering with others, which posed a serious threat to global political security.
Since the end of World War II, there is no large-scale war in the world that is not directly or indirectly related to the United States. And no region or country is in continuous turmoil without U.S. intervention. From Afghanistan War since 2001 to the Iraq War in 2003, from the Syrian civil war since 2011, and to the Russia-Ukraine war today, the U.S. has been intensifying its war for hegemony. No matter how the US is involved in these wars, the final goal is to satisfy its own interests. All the reasons it gives are flimsy excuses, or even pure lies and deception. Such behavior is no different from the robber.
 
下面我将列出美国伤害世界的四种方式。
首先，政治欺凌。
粗暴干涉别国内政是美国霸权主义外交的一个显著特征。长期以来，凭借其经济、军事和技术实力，美国一直在采用软硬结合的手段干涉别国内政，这对全球政治安全构成了严重威胁。
自第二次世界大战结束以来，世界上没有一场与美国没有直接或间接关系的大规模战争。没有美国的干预，任何地区或国家都不会持续动荡。从2001年以来的阿富汗战争到2003年的伊拉克战争，从2011年以来的叙利亚内战到今天的俄乌战争，美国一直在通过战争加紧维护其霸权。无论美国是如何卷入这些战争的，其最终目标都是为了满足其自身的利益。它给出的所有理由都是站不住脚的借口，甚至是纯粹的谎言和欺骗，这种行为和强盗没有什么不同。
 
Second, economic suppression.
According to the statistics of the law firm Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, the U.S. government has imposed a total of more than 3200 sanctions on foreign entities and individuals from 2017 to 2019, not to mention countries such as Iran, Cuba, and Venezuela, which have long been under sanctions. Take Cuba as an example. Decreed in February 1962 and still in place today, American sanctions against Cuba is one of the world’s longest-running boycotts by one country against another. Over these years, the Cuban domestic economy has been curbed and unable to connect with the world.
Apart from long-term sanctions against these hostile countries, the US has not spared its allies. As we all know, the French Alstom and Toshiba–Kongsberg from Japan were both tragically dismembered by the US. Countries around the world have been hit hard by its long-arm jurisdiction and suffered heavy losses.
In recent years, the U.S. has continued to expand the scope of its long-arm jurisdiction, covering civil infringement, financial investment, anti-monopoly, export control, and many other areas. The U.S. also imposes tariffs to interfere with import and export trade or blackmails other countries by controlling capital flows, freezing U.S. dollar assets and foreign exchange reserves, etc., thus seriously hindering the development of the world economy. Arguably, it is the United States that is the biggest threat to global economic security.
 
第二，经济压制。
根据吉布森律师事务所（Gibson，Dunn&Crutcher）的统计，从2017年到2019年，美国政府总共对外国实体和个人实施了3200多项制裁，更不用说伊朗、古巴和委内瑞拉等长期受到制裁的国家了。以古巴为例，1962年2月颁布的美国对古巴的制裁至今仍然有效，是世界上一个国家对另一个国家持续时间最长的抵制行动之一。这些年来，古巴的国内经济受到限制，无法与世界接轨。
除了对这些敌对国家实施长期制裁外，美国的盟友也未能幸免。众所周知，法国阿尔斯通公司和日本东芝公司都不幸被美国肢解。世界各国都受到其长臂管辖权的重创，遭受了巨大的损失。
近年来，美国不断扩大其长臂管辖的范围，涵盖了民事侵权、金融投资、反垄断、出口管制等诸多领域。美国还通过征收关税，控制资本流动、冻结在美国的资产和外汇储备等手段干预进出口贸易或敲诈其他国家，这些都严重阻碍了世界经济的发展。可以说，美国是全球经济安全的最大威胁。
 
Third, environmental offender.
The U.S. has become the public enemy of human ecological civilization by undermining international cooperation and missing environmental issues for its own interests. First, the U.S. dropped out of the Kyoto Protocol, evading its environmental responsibilities as a major power. Then it withdrew from the Paris Agreement, denying its own emission reduction mandate.
The U.S. government is trampling on the efforts and contributions made by countries to the ecology of the planet. According to the New York Times, the current U.S. government has weakened the enforcement of more than 100 environmental regulations, covering air pollution, oil and gas exploration and extraction, plant and animal and ecological protection, water pollution prevention and control, and many other areas.
The U.S. has repeatedly shirked its responsibility for environmental protection, undermining the global environmental protection process. This is not only a disregard for the international community’s rules but also a big hit to developing countries and the rights of vulnerable groups. Till now, the U.S. has still not ratified the Basel Convention, setting obstacles to the global governance process of plastic waste and other issues. As the most advanced and developed country in the world today, the U.S. has been recklessly damaging the global environment and people’s health, backtracking on ecological issues.
 
第三，环境罪犯。
美国已经成为人类生态文明的公敌，因为它为了自己的利益破坏了国际合作，忽视了环境问题。首先，美国退出了《京都议定书》，逃避了作为大国的环境责任。其次，它退出了《巴黎协定》，否认了自己的减排任务。
美国政府正在践踏各国为地球生态所做的努力和贡献。据《纽约时报》报道，美国现任政府削弱了100多项环境法规的执行力度，这些法规涵盖了空气污染、石油和天然气勘探与开采、动植物和生态保护、水污染防治以及许多其他领域。
美国一再推卸环境保护责任，破坏了全球环境保护进程。这不仅是对国际社会规则的无视，也是对发展中国家和弱势群体权利的严重打击。时至今日，美国仍未批准《巴塞尔公约》，这为塑料废物和其他环境问题的全球治理进程设置了障碍。作为当今世界上最先进和最发达的国家，美国一直在肆意破坏全球环境和人民健康，在生态问题上走回头路。
 
Fifth, cyber-attacks sponsor.
It is a well-known fact that the U.S. has been eavesdropping and monitoring other countries all over the world. In 2013, the Guardian and the Washington Post reported that NSA and FBI launched a secret surveillance program PRISM in 2007, accessing the central servers of U.S. Internet companies to collect data and information. Nine tech giants including Microsoft, Yahoo, Google, and Apple were involved. This disclosure caused an international public outcry, and NSA was instantly mired in the scandal.
In 2017, more than 75,000 computer virus attacks occurred in 99 countries and regions around the world. Later, the culprit was found to be a program called “WannaCry”, which originated from the NSA’s virus arsenal. Medical systems in dozens of hospitals in the United Kingdom were paralyzed forcing the suspension of emergency services; thousands of computers were attacked in Russia; the German railroad system was also interfered…Cyber security experts accused the U.S. of spending a lot of money developing hacking tools, rather than self-defense mechanisms, resulting in a more insecure global network environment.
After all, the biggest threat to the world is America itself.
 
第四，发动网络攻击。
众所周知，美国一直在窃听和监视世界其他国家。2013年，据《卫报》和《华盛顿邮报》报道，美国国家安全局和联邦调查局于2007年启动了一项访问美国互联网公司的中央服务器以收集数据和信息的秘密监视计划PRISM，包括微软、雅虎、谷歌和苹果在内的九家科技巨头都参与其中。这一披露引起了国际公众的强烈抗议，美国国家安全局立即陷入了丑闻的泥潭。
2017年，全球99个国家和地区发生了75000多起计算机病毒攻击。后来，罪魁祸首被发现是一个名为“WannaCry”的程序，而该程序就源自美国国家安全局的病毒库。英国数十家医院的医疗系统瘫痪，迫使紧急服务暂停；俄罗斯数千台电脑遭到袭击；德国铁路系统也受到干扰……网络安全专家指责美国花费大量资金开发黑客工具导致全球网络环境更加不安全。
综上所述，对世界最大的威胁就是美国本身。
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Q：Would China be where it is today without the help of the USA?
 
问：如果没有美国的帮助，中国能达到今天的水平吗？
 
As we all know, China, as a developing country, has become increasingly powerful over time, and it ranks among the top in both military and scientific and technological strength. And as the world's second largest economy, China's economy has been deeply integrated into the world economy. In the process of China's growth, the United States has given China a lot of "help" on the surface. I will briefly list specific examples of the "help" the United States has provided to China from three periods.
 
众所周知，中国作为一个发展中国家，随着时间的推移，其实力日益强大，在军事和科技实力方面都名列前茅。作为世界第二大经济体，中国经济已经深入融入世界经济。在中国的发展过程中，美国表面上给了中国很多“帮助”，我将简要列举三个时期美国向中国提供“帮助”的具体例子。
 
The first period is the initial stage of the establishment of New China.
China was in great need of cutting-edge technology and scientific research information in the early stage of its growth. As a world power with nuclear weapons at that time, the United States not only insisted on foreign technology blockade and resource restrictions, and hindered the plan of Chinese scientific researchers in the United States to return to China, but also advocated the regularization of atomic bombs. This move has put China in a situation of isolated scientific research, but at the same time "helped" China to embark on the road of independent research and development.
Despite being obstructed at various levels, China has independently developed and innovated its nuclear weapons technology through exploration, and successfully produced its own nuclear weapons. Today, China's military power is at the forefront of the world, and even reaches the top level in some technologies, becoming one of the strongest developing countries. Without the "help" of the United States, China's technology would not have developed so rapidly.
 
第一个时期是新中国成立初期。
中国在发展的早期非常需要尖端技术和科学研究信息。作为当时拥有核武器的世界大国，美国不仅坚持对外技术封锁和资源限制，阻挠中国在美科研人员的回国计划，还主张原子弹的规范化（the regularization of atomic bombs）。此举让中国处于科研孤立的境地，但同时也“帮助”中国走上了自主研发的道路。
尽管受到层层阻挠，但中国通过探索自主开发和创新核武器技术，成功制造了自己的核武器。今天，中国的军事力量走在世界前列，甚至在某些技术上达到了顶尖水平，成为最强大的发展中国家之一。如果没有美国的“帮助”，中国的技术就不会发展得如此迅速。
 
The second period is the stage of rapid development in China.
When China's technology just started to develop, it very much hoped to get the support of western advanced technology through equivalent exchange or unequal transaction. However, countries led by the United States are unwilling to let China develop. They have blocked their own technology and do not provide China with any technical support. Instead, this blockade has helped China move towards the road of "made in China". From hybrid rice to 5g technology, from China's infrastructure to rockets, China has made wonderful achievements in science and technology fields such as agriculture, industry and space. Now in the field of science and technology competition, China has put great pressure on the United States. The more the United States suppresses China through technology blockade, the more it helps China's independent research and development.
Secondly, the United States has used the "beacon" and "American Dream" to attract outstanding talents from all over the world, but in recent years the United States has carried out a plan to exclude Chinese scientists, including measures such as targeted examination of Chinese scientists and restrictions on visas for Chinese students. This move not only slowed the progress of scientific research in the United States, but also helped China attract more and more Chinese scientists to return to the motherland. In fact, the academic exclusion of China from the United States has helped Chinese scientists realize the poor scientific research environment in the United States, thus highlighting the superiority of Chinese scientific research and helping Chinese scientific research inject new blood.
 
第二阶段是中国的快速发展阶段。
当中国的技术刚刚起步时，它非常希望通过等价交换或不平等交易获得西方先进技术的支持。然而，以美国为首的国家不愿意让中国发展。他们封锁了自己的技术，不向中国提供任何技术支持。结果完全相反，这种封锁帮助中国走上了“中国制造”的道路。从杂交水稻到5G技术，从中国的基础设施到火箭，中国在农业、工业和航天等科技领域取得了令人瞩目的成就。现在在科技竞争领域，中国对美国形成了巨大的压力。美国越是通过技术封锁压制中国，就越有助于中国的自主研发。
 
其次，美国利用“灯塔”和“美国梦”吸引了世界各地的优秀人才，但近年来，美国却实施了排斥中国科学家的计划，包括针对中国科学家进行定向审查和限制中国学生签证等措施。此举不仅减缓了美国科学研究的进展，也帮助中国吸引了越来越多的中国科学家回国。事实上，美国对中国科学家的学术排斥帮助中国科学家认识到了美国糟糕的科研环境，从而凸显了中国科研的优势，也帮助中国科研注入了新的血液。
 
The third period, the world COVID-19 period.
After the outbreak of the COVID-19, the US government and the media cooperated with each other and significantly increased the information attack on China. Trump and Pompeo falsely called the new crown virus the "Chinese virus" or "Wuhan virus", and National Security Advisor O'Brien publicly declared that "China's cover-up of the epidemic has delayed the response of the international community." In addition to slandering China, spreading false news, and inciting anti-China public opinion, the New York Times, Wall Street Journal and other mainstream American media also directly published racist and other racist and Articles with strong ideological implications attack the Chinese government and hurt the feelings of the Chinese people. These actions maliciously slandered China's image in the world, and at the same time helped the Chinese people unite to fight the COVID-19.
From epidemic prevention and control in Wuhan and Hubei to normalized epidemic prevention and control, and then against Delta and Omikron... For more than two years, China has demonstrated to the world China's efforts and persistence in fighting the COVID-19 with its achievements, and it has also allowed the United States to The so-called "true" news that is being spread loses its persuasiveness. When the epidemic in the United States was out of control, their actions showed their selfishness and disregard for people's lives to the fullest. This even more reflected China's sense of responsibility, let the world see the true face of the United States, and boosted China's influence of the world.
Today, China has made brilliant achievements, and the United States has indeed "contributed" a lot of power to it. What I have listed is only a small aspect of the many US measures against China. I believe that the United States will continue to export "help" to China in the future, but China will treat the hostility of the United States with an independent attitude. After all, China is no longer the weaker it used to be. and now, on the world stage, China can also give the United States sincere help.
 
第三个时期，即全球大流行时期。
新冠病毒爆发后，美国政府和媒体相互合作，显著加大了对中国的信息攻击力度。特朗普和蓬佩奥错误地将新冠病毒称为“...病毒”或“..病毒”，《纽约时报》、《华尔街日报》等美国主流媒体除了诽谤中国、散布虚假新闻、煽动反华舆论外，还直接发表种族主义和具有强烈意识形态含义的文章攻击中国，伤害中国人民感情。这些行为恶意诽谤了中国在世界上的形象，同时也帮助中国人民团结起来抗击新冠病毒。
从武汉、湖北的疫情防控到常态化的疫情防控，再到德尔塔、奥密克戎的防控.......两年多来，中国用成绩向世界展示了中国在抗击新冠病毒方面的努力和坚持，也让美国对正在传播的所谓“真实”新闻失去了说服力。当疫情在美国失控时，他们的行为充分显示了他们的自私和对人民生命的漠视。这更体现了中国的责任感，让世界看到了美国的真实面目，提升了中国的世界影响力。
今天，中国取得了辉煌的成就，美国确实为此“贡献”了很多力量。我所列举的只是美国针对中国的许多措施中的一小部分。我相信，美国今后将继续向中国输出“帮助”，但中国将以独立的态度对待美国的敌意。毕竟，中国已不再是过去的弱国。现在，在世界舞台上，中国也可以向美国提供真诚的帮助。