买房子便宜还是自己盖房子便宜(一)

Sundaramany Mani, A finance and economics enthusiast with several years experience

Sundaramany Mani，在融和经济方面多年经验的爱好者
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

No, it is cheaper.
You can buy land cheaper without developer's margins
You save from developer's legal and other administrative costs
You save from builder's margins/markup on construction cost
You save from GST on builder's construction services
You save from builder's supervision costs
You save from builder's/developer's finance costs
You enjoy the freedom of buying land where you like and build house suiting your aesthetics, tastes, preferences and at your own pace, room by room, floor by floor
You only avail services of an engineer to do floor plans, architectural designs, obtain town planning approvals, occasional construction supervision.
You can buy materials on your own as per quantities provided by engineering estimates
Engage mason/ carpenter/ fabricators on “rate contract" basis and unskilled labourers on daily basis
Construction cost around Rs.1800-2000 per sft or less and land cost depending on area & location

不，（自建）比较便宜。
你可以更便宜地购买土地，而不需要承担开发商的利润；
你可以节省开发商的法律和其他管理成本；
你节省了建筑商的利润和建筑成本的加价率成本；
你可以从建筑商的建筑服务中节省商品服务税费用；
你可以节省建筑商的监督成本；
你可以节省建筑商/开发商的财务成本；
你可以自由地在自己喜欢的地方购买土地，按照自己的审美、品味和喜好，一间一间地、一层一层地建造房子；
你只会利用工程师来做平面图、建筑设计、获得城市规划批准，偶尔还会进行施工监督。
你可以根据工程估算提供的数量自行购买材料
根据“价格合同”雇佣泥瓦匠/木匠/制造商，和非熟练工人进行日常沟通。
建筑成本约为每平方英尺1800-2000卢比，或更低，土地成本取决于区域和位置
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Kevin Mcelroy
It’s much cheaper to buy one. I just bought a 30 year old house for $131 a square foot, a new home of similar quality would cost me about $210 a square foot. Given the size of my home, the difference is about $260,000.
My existing home is completely upxed, and all i need to change is the master bath tile, and the kitchen quartz because i don’t care for the color. My upxes are less than $40,000.

买一个便宜多了。我刚以每平方英尺131美元的价格买了一套30年的老房子，同样质量的新房子每平方英尺210美元左右。考虑到我的房子的大小，差距大约是26万美元。
我现有的房子已经完全现代化了，我只需要更换主浴室的瓷砖和厨房的石英石，因为我不喜欢带颜色的。我的装修不到4万美元。

Ron Rothenberg, Second Cousin of Quora
Usually it is much more expensive, both financially and emotionally.
There are so many decisions to be made when building a house. Contractors live in a different world and don’t speak the same language, even if their English is superb.
It’s the nature of construction that materials shrink and swell and new houses make noises, nothing quite fits right, and you will think your new house is possessed by demons.
Your expectations, on the other hand, are that it is like a new car, and everything will work perfectly.
The truth is that a new house is less like a new car and more like a colicky baby.

通常，无论是在经济上还是在情感上，代价都要高昂得多。
盖房子的时候有很多决定要做。承包商生活在一个不同的世界，即使他们的英语很棒，不会说同一种语言。
这是建筑的本质，材料会收缩和膨胀，新房子会发出噪音，没有什么是合适的，你会认为你的新房子被恶魔附身了。
另一方面，你的期望是，它就像一辆新车，一切都会完美地运行。
事实是，一栋新房子不像一辆新车，更像一个疝气的婴儿。

You will also spend a lot more money on building the house. You will choose all the upgrades, just because you can.
Real Estate Joke: “Q: How do you build a $300,000 house? A: Spend $400,000.”
You and your spouse will divorce due to the stress of building the house. She will end up with half of a house that you can’t sell for what you paid.
The whole thing will end up in court as you sue the builders of the house.
Phew, just buy a house that has been standing for 100 years - that’s a great testament to the fact that the builders knew what they were doing.
Seriously, though, building a house is much more work than you can imagine, so make sure you know what you’re getting into before you go that route.
Too many people walk into home construction with no idea what it entails. Don’t be one of them.

你也会花更多的钱在建造房子上。你将选择所有的升级项目，只是因为你可以。
房地产笑话：“问：你怎么建一栋30万美元的房子？答：花40万美元。”
由于建造房屋的压力，你和你的配偶将离婚。她最终会得到房子的一半，而你无法以你支付的价格出售。
当你起诉房子的建造者时，整件事都会在法庭上了结。
哇，买一栋已经屹立了100年的房子就行了——这是一个伟大的证明，证明建造者知道他们在做什么。
不过，说真的，盖房子的工作比你想象的要多得多，所以在你做这个决定之前，一定要知道你要做什么。
太多的人不知道房屋建设需要什么。不要成为他们中的一员。

Daniel Suciu, Investor/Enterpreneuer/House Flipper/Architect/Enginineer

Daniel Suciu，投资者/企业家/房屋建设者/建筑师/工程师

One of my friends charges $400 a square foot labor and materials to build high-end houses. I as a value Builder can build the same quality house for about $120 a square foot labor and materials. So it depends on who you hire whether or not it’s cheaper to build your own house or buy one.
Some builders pay material markups were others don’t and negotiate fixed prices for labor. By taking away the risk of materials you can negotiate weekly rate with a lot of skilled tradesmen for labor only. Some builders pay electricians $100 an hour to drill holes while others pay carpenter which are $25 an hour to drill the same holes. Same goes with the plumber.

我的一个朋友建造高端住宅每平方英尺要价400美元的劳动力和材料费。作为讲究物超所值的建设者的我来说，可以用每平方英尺120美元的劳动力和材料建造同样质量的房子。所以，建造自己的房子还是买房子更便宜的问题取决于你雇佣的是谁。
一些建筑商要支付材料的利润，而另一些建筑商则不支付，并协商固定的劳动力价格。排除掉材料的加价风险外，你可以与许多熟练的技工协商每周的价格，只需付劳动力费用。一些建筑工人付给电工100美元一小时来钻洞，而另一些工人付给木匠25美元一小时来钻同样的洞。水管工也一样。

Some builders use coupons to purchase materials.
Generally it is cheaper to build your own house compared to buying a house. When you buy house the builder is going to want his profit and taxes.
I just heard of an instance where a former jail that cost the government over $250 a square foot to build in the 80’s is being sold for $20 a square foot. So if you buy that and spend a few hundred thousand dollars remodeling it You would have a monster house for half the price.
Yhe point is that if you do things unconventionally and think outside the box you can build for far less

一些建筑商使用优惠券购买材料。
一般来说，建造自己的房子比买房子便宜。当你买房子时，建筑商会想要他的利润以及还需要交税。
一些建筑工人付给电工100美元一小时来钻洞，而另一些工人付给木匠25美元一小时来钻同样的洞。水管工也一样。所以，如果你买了它，花几十万美元重建它，你会以一半的价格得到一个巨大的房子。
重点是，如果你不按常规做事，跳出框框思考，你可以用更少的钱来建造它。

Glen McMillian, former Country Born and Bred, Outdoor Enthusiast
I have built a couple,myself, and participated in the building of many more, and I know a number of people who contracted their own home construction.
If you are reasonably competent at managing your own business affairs, and know how to use the tools, you are very likely to save a substantial amount of money by building yourself, personally, hands on.
If you hire out all or almost all the work to subcontractors, the odds are good you will save a good bit of money. Everybody I know personally who served as their own general contractor saved some money, more than enough that they were happy.
You do have to have a working brain and some organizational skills to build or supervise the construction of a house, but it’s not rocket science.

我自己建造了两栋建筑，还参与了更多的建筑，我认识一些人，他们自己建设房屋。
如果你在管理自己的商业事务方面有相当的能力，并且知道如何使用这些工具，你很可能选择亲自动手打造来节省大量资金。
如果你把所有或几乎所有的工作都租给分包商，你很可能会省下一大笔钱。我认识的每一个自己做总承包商的人都存了一些钱，多得让他们很高兴。
你确实需要有能力和组织技能来建造或监督房子的建造过程，但这不是火箭科学。

Cindy Enright, lives in Florida (1956-present)

辛迪·恩赖特，住在佛罗里达(1956年至今)

My husband and I built, but did it a little differently than most people. We acted as our own contractor and as such could purchase materials at contractor prices. The only thing we “hired out” was the foundation, framing and roof. We were lucky to have my dad that knew what he was doing since he was a former contractor and had friends. We did the plumbing, my uncle came to visit from Alabama and did my electric (master electrician)
I don't know that it was any cheaper, but in the end it was ours, and paid for when we moved in. Now before you think it was an 800 square foot abode, far from it. 2500 sq feet, with what at the time ('86) was top of the line materials, appliances and fixtures. The family joke was the two most costly rooms were the master bath and my kitchen and they were, but we had what we wanted and it was built to last a lifetime.
At that point in time the county had a rule that you had to have an energy audit before they would issue a building permit It took into account things such as your HVAC, insulation, windows and were you using solar.
At the end we swore never again. Joke was on us. We ended up rehabbing two others later in life.

我丈夫和我建造了房子，但和大多数人做的有点不同。我们自己作为承包商，因此可以按承包商价格购买材料。我们唯一“分包“出去的就是地基、框架和屋顶。我们很幸运，父亲知道他在做什么，因为他以前是一名承包商，有很多朋友。我们做了水管，我叔叔从阿拉巴马州来给我做电工。
我不知道是不是更便宜，但最终那是我们的房子，我们搬进来的时候付好了钱。在你认为这是一个800平方英尺的住所之前，远非如此。2500平方英尺，用的是当时(1986年)顶级的材料、电器和固定装置。家里的笑话是，最贵的两个房间是主浴室和我的厨房，但我们有我们想要的，它是为我们的生活而建的。
当时，该县有一条规定，在他们签发建筑许可证之前，你必须进行能源审计。它考虑到了诸如暖通空调、隔热材料、窗户以及是否使用太阳能等因素。
最后我们发誓再也不做了。我们开了个玩笑。后来，我们又帮另外两个人进行了改造。

Stephen Morgan, CEO A.S. Nieruchomosci (2008-present)

史蒂芬·摩根，首席执行官A.S.Nieruchomosci（2008年至今）

With a house you really have three options.
Buy one ready built and ready to go
Buy a wreck and repair it
Build something you want new
The easiest is the first option always.
The next two are potential money pits if you do not know what you are doing.
If cost is your main factor then you really need to look at where you are and what the market dictates and you need to be realistic.
My current real estate business is in Poland and a large proportion of people build their own house on a vacant plot.
Buy a wreck and renovate, this works out about the most economical and the value when finished is about what you put in but you have major aggravation.
The most cost-effective option and easiest is just buy a new house ready built off a developer.
So like any investment where you are spending a lot of money do your study first and see what houses are actually selling for not what some greedy realtor tells you things are worth. You can usually check out the value of local transactions at the City Hall or many countries have web sites such a Zoopla in the UK which give you all of the transaction stats in a given post code area.

有关房子，你真的有三种选择。
买现成的，随时可以入住的
买一个旧楼并改造它
建造你想要的新房
最简单的选择总是第一个选项。
如果你自己不知道怎么弄，接下来的两个选项可能会让你大亏。
如果成本是你的主要考虑因素，那么你真的需要看看你在哪里，当地市场的要求是什么，你需要现实一点。
我目前的房地产业务在波兰，大部分人在一块空地上自己建造房子。
买一辆破车并翻修，这是最经济的方式，完工后的价值取决于你投入了什么，但你有很大的烦恼。
最划算、最简单的选择就是买一开发商准备好的新房。
所以，像任何投资一样，你要花很多钱，先做研究，看看房子实际卖多少钱，而不是一些贪婪的房地产经纪人告诉你的东西的价值。你通常可以在市政厅查看本地交易的价值，或者许多国家都有网站，比如英国的Zoopla，它可以为你提供给定邮政编码区域内的所有交易统计数据。

Bill Howard, former Former VP of Sales & Marketing,CMP (1985-2018)

比尔·霍华德，CMP前销售和市场副总裁(1985-2018)

The short answer is yes, but not necessarily because of the land.
A 2000 square foot ranch home would require a foundation and roof to cover the entire area below and above the house. A 2000 square foot two story, all other things being equal and assuming it’s split evenly between both floors, would require a foundation for only a 1,000 square foot home and the roof, theoretically, would be 1:2 the length of the other ranch home.
Since roof structure and foundation are two of the most costly elements in building, you can clearly see how a two story cost less.
Now, having said all that, they must be equal in design architecture and specifications as well, otherwise it’s a toss up; however as a general rule, two story homes are almost always less expensive to build. Hope this helps.

简而言之，答案是肯定的，但不一定是因为土地。
一个2000平方英尺的牧场住宅需要一个地基和屋顶来覆盖房子上下的整个区域。一幢2000平方英尺的两层楼，在其他条件相同的情况下，假设两层楼平均分配，只需要一个1000平方英尺的地基，而屋顶，理论上，将是另一幢农场住宅的一半大小。
由于屋顶结构和地基是建筑中最昂贵的两个组成部分，你可以清楚地看到两层楼的成本是如何降低的。
话虽如此，但它们在设计架构和规格方面也必须是平等的，否则这是个难题；然而，一般来说，建造两层楼的房屋几乎总是比较便宜。希望这有帮助。

Neil Opfer, B.A Business, Washington State University (1978)

尼尔·奥普弗，华盛顿州立大学商业学士(1978)

The answer to this question depends on what you mean by “building” your own house. If what you mean by this is simply acting as your own general contractor and hiring subcontractors for everything from excavation, concrete, framing, roofing, HVAC, plumbing, electrical, and finish trades (carpet, tile, drywall, painting), the answer is NO! Take a merchant builder in a decent-sized home market that builds 100 or more homes a year. This builder has a proven roster of subcontractors and if the builder is building these homes in several subdivisions the builder will have economies of scale. Therefore, the concrete subcontractor comes in to pour driveways and sidewalks may pour several on the same day. The same applies to other trades as they have a group of houses to work on as they move one house to the next. Here in Las Vegas, Nevada, a larger market to be sure, a framing contractor on two-story houses might have a layout crew, a wall framing crew, a floor framing crew, a roof framing crew, and a stair framing crew. These people become very specialized and very productive. These larger merchant builders also due to the work volume get discounts from their subcontractors.

这个问题的答案取决于你所说的“建造”自己的房子是什么意思。如果你的意思是简单地作为你自己的总承包商，雇佣分包商，从挖掘、混凝土、框架、屋顶、暖通空调、管道、电气和饰面行业（地毯、瓷砖、干墙、油漆），答案是否定的！以一个规模相当大的住宅市场的商人建筑商为例，该市场每年建造100套或更多的住宅。该建筑商拥有一份经过验证的分包商名册，如果该建筑商在多个分区建造这些房屋，该建筑商将具有规模经济。因此，混凝土分包商会在同一天浇筑车道和人行道。这同样适用于其他行业，因为他们在将一栋房子搬到另一栋房子时，需要处理一组房子。在内华达州拉斯维加斯这个更大的市场，两层房屋的框架承包商可能有一个布局团队、一个墙壁框架团队、一个地板框架团队、一个屋顶框架团队和一个楼梯框架团队。这些人变得非常专业，非常高效。这些较大的商业建筑商也因工作量而从其分包商处获得折扣。

The builder’s net profit on a house might be 5%. So on a $300,000 house (includes small lot), this is obviously $15,000. Let’s say start-to-finish, the builder’s house takes 120 days to build or 1/3 of a year (includes weekends/holidays) from your initial purchase to closing on the house. If you’re making $75,000 a year from your job and you took off or quit your job for 120 days, your salary loss for this 1/3 of the year would be $25,000. So to save the builders net profit of $15,000, your’re going to lose $25,000.

建筑商在一栋房子上的净利润可能是5%。所以对于一栋30万美元的房子（包括小地块），这显然是1.5万美元。比如说，从开始到完工，建筑商的房子需要120天才能建成，或者从你最初购买到房子完工需要一年的三分之一（包括周末/假期）。如果你的工作年收入为75000美元，并且你离职或辞职120天，那么你这1/3年的工资损失将为25000美元。因此，为了节省建筑商15000美元的净利润，你将损失25000美元。

The other alternative is to stay with your job and actually build the house yourself. This would depend on the contracting laws in your state but one is usually allowed to build their own house on their own property as long as they stay in it for a specified period such as one year. Now you order all the material yourself and build everything yourself along with the necessary building dept. inspections. This will take longer. For example that contractor’s framing crew of 6 people may have been on your house from the builder for a total of 7 days or 336 hours (6 people x 8 hrs./day x 7 days). Assume that you are at least 33% less productive than this experienced framing crew so 336 hours translates to 448 hours (336 hrs x 1.333). Let’s assume that you have a son or daughter of work age (teenager will do) that can help you out. So with two people working 10 hours per day on the weekends for 20 hours plus another 10 hours during the week this is 30 hours per person x 2 people or 60 hours per week. The 448 hours of actual framing time divided by the 60 hours/week yields 7–1/2 weeks to frx your house. Everything else, of course, will also be stretched out. You won’t be able to buy materials cheaper than the builder’s subs can although Lowe’s and Home Depot are very competitive but you will save on labor. Also, consider tools/equipment as the builder’s subs have forklifts to assist with framing and a crane to set roof trusses, etc. You can rent everything you need to build the house but this gets expensive when you’re stretching out construction schedules. If the whole family can help build the house, say four people, this will also expedite the schedule. But how handy is everyone in using tools? A teenager might just be best holding a board, sweeping up debris or holding a paint brush or paint roller. The other issue with doing it yourself along with your family is safety with power tools. My father was a general contractor in the Pacific Northwest so I grew up in this business. I’ve seen a number of people over the years successfully build their own houses but have also seen notable failures. The successful people were almost always from a construction background such as carpenters. It is very tempting to try to save money by doing it yourself but that merchant builder earns their money on that house. You may not want to believe me in terms of profits so look at the large publicly-traded builders such as Pulte Homes PulteGroup (PHM) Profit Margin History where their current net margin is 5.22%.

另一种选择是继续工作，自己动手建造房子。这取决于你所在州的合同法，但一个人通常被允许在自己的财产上建造自己的房子，只要他们在里面住一段特定的时间，比如一年。现在你自己订购所有材料，自己建造所有东西，并进行必要的建筑部门审核。这需要更长的时间。例如，这需要更长的时间。例如，承包商的6人可能已经在你的房子上了7天或336小时(6人× 8小时)。/天× 7天)。假设你的工作效率至少比这些经验丰富的框架工作人员低33%，那么他们的336小时就等于你的448小时(336小时× 1.333)。让我们假设你有一个工作年龄的儿子或女儿(青少年可以)，可以帮助你。两个人每天工作10个小时，周末工作20个小时，加上工作日的10个小时，这就是每人30个小时乘以2，也就是每周60个小时。448小时的实际时间除以每周60小时，得到7周半的时间建好房子框架。当然，其他一切也会被拉长。你不可能买到比建造者更便宜的材料，尽管劳氏和家得宝非常有竞争力，但你会节省劳动力。此外，考虑一下工具/设备，因为建筑商有叉车来协助建造框架，还有起重机来安装屋架等。你可以租用建造房屋所需的一切，但如果你延长施工进度，代价就会很昂贵。如果全家人都能帮忙盖房子，比如说四个人，这也会加快进度。但是每个人在使用工具方面有多方便呢？一个十几岁的孩子可能了不起就拿着一块木板，清扫碎片，或者拿着油漆刷或油漆滚筒。与家人一起做这件事的另一个问题是电动工具的安全性。我父亲是太平洋西北地区的总承包商所以我是在这一行业的环境中长大的。多年来，我看到许多人成功地建造了自己的房子，但也有明显的失败。成功人士几乎都有建筑行业背景，比如木匠。试图通过自己动手来省钱是很有诱惑力的，但商人的钱是从房子上赚来的。在利润方面，你可能不想相信我，所以看看大型上市建筑商，比如Pulte Homes PulteGroup（PHM）的历史利润率，他们目前的净利润率为5.22%。

Rick Ferrara, Architect
You got to compare the house you'd build vs the house you'd buy. If they are the same to answer is a resounding NO!
There are books and Web sites that lie to you and tell you that you can be your own general contractor and while you can it's going to likely cost you dearly. Considering that you’ve never done this before, and don't have any relationships with any subcontractors. They are going to smell the stink of “novice” all over you and anyone worth their salt will pass as you will likely be unorganized, have unrealistic expectations, get into money troubles and be far too high maintenance. They can make more money working for a say contractor than a novice. If you do get printing from them, they'll likely jack the price up in anticipation of the future pain, and there goes your supposed savings.
Next, to be efficient you have to understand what happens on site every day… without fail. There are over a dozen subs who have to be coordinated. Screw up and delay them and they move on to service their clients who have their stuff together. They could charge you more when they reschedule.
Do you understand how to design a home so it's efficient to build? Are you going to hire a quality home designer or a cheap cad drafter
Get a pro to design and build your house.

你得比较一下你要建的房子和你要买的房子。如果他们是一样的，回答明显就是不会！
有些书和网站内容对你撒谎，告诉你你可以成为自己的总承包商，虽然你可以，但这可能会让你付出高昂的代价。考虑到你以前从未这样做过，也没有与任何分包商建立任何关系。他们会在你身上闻到“新手”的臭味，因为你很本身的原因任何名副其实的人都会过关，有不切实际的期望，陷入财务困境和过高的维护费。他们为承包商工作比为新手赚更多的钱。如果你真的与他们那里签订合同，他们可能会因为预期到未来的痛苦而抬高价格，这样一来，你本应省下的钱就会付之一炬。
接下来，为了提高效率，你必须了解每天在现场发生的事情，毫无疑问。有许多工程需要协调。一旦搞砸就耽误了他们的时间，他们就开始为客户提供服务，他们把自己的事情放在一边。于是他们可以在重新安排时向你收取更多费用。
你知道如何设计一个房子，让它更高效地建造吗？”，你打算雇佣一个高质量的家居设计师还是一个廉价的制图师。
找个专业人士来设计和建造你的房子吧。

Rob L Murphy, Licensed contractor, home builder, programmer CNC

Rob L Murphy，注册承包商，房屋建筑商，CNC程序员

I decided to build my own house. So I went to school for drafting. Good start, took a year, learned a lot. Got a job in the industry, worked with builders and architects, read plans, made millwork, watched projects from the ground up. Swung a hammer. Sweated. Learned some more. Finally got to point where I could afford a house but had not enough hands on knowledge to do it myself so I hired a contractor. He built to my plans which were carefully crafted to minimize costs. And because I was in millwork I could make my own floors, doors, trim, and cabinetry. Did it. Took eleven years from thinking I could to actually can do. So then I went to night school for a summer and got my own builders license. And built another. And another. These things take time

我决定建造自己的房子。所以我去学校学画画。开始不错，花了一年时间，学到了很多。在这个行业找了份工作，和建筑商和建筑师一起工作，看图纸，做木制品，从头到尾看着项目。挥舞着锤子，汗流浃背，我学到了些许东西。最后，我终于有能力买得起房子，但没有足够的知识可以亲自动手，所以我雇了一个承包商。他按照我的计划行事，我的计划经过精心设计，使成本降到最低。因为我是做木工的，所以我可以自己做地板、门、装饰和橱柜。成功了，我花了11年的时间从认为我能做到到真正能做到。于是我上了一个夏天的夜校，拿到了自己的建筑许可证，建造了另一个建筑。还有一个就是这些事情需要时间。