为什么印度在奥运会上的表现为什么那么差？比印度表现更差的国家没几个了

Pankaj K
, former Business Consultant at RESOL Technologies Pvt. Ltd (2012-2020)，Lives in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Originally Answered: Why is India the least successful (per capita) country in Olympic competition?
I'd like to add my 2 cents :
Despite being provided meagre training facilities and incentives, 1+ billion Indians pinning their hopes on the athletes every time the Olympics arrive must definitely be draining on them.Look at the case of Saina Nehwal who's just lost in the semis under huge expectations.
Secondly I feel the lack of incentive and the adulation for cricket works negatively on the mindset of the athletes. They lose the do-or-die spirit.
Lastly if you look at most countries, the athletes are groomed from a very very young age. This is lacking in India.

我想发表一点拙见：
尽管提供的训练设施和激励措施都很有限，但每次奥运会到来时，超过 10 亿印度人都将希望寄托在运动员身上，这肯定会让他们失望。看看Saina Nehwal的例子，她在巨大的期望下刚刚在半决赛中失利。
其次，我觉得缺乏激励措施和对板球的奉承对运动员的心态产生了负面影响，他们失去了拼搏到底的精神。
最后，如果你看看大多数国家就会发现，运动员都是从小培养起来的，这是印度所缺乏的。

Anonymous
Originally Answered: Why is India the least successful (per capita) country in Olympic competition?
The answer for their lackluster performance has to do with the lack of resources and cricket. India is a nation that is madly in love with cricket. The population and the government does not actually care about any other sport. So the pay, resources, and training facilities available take a hit. Athletes that would be good at boxing would draw away from the sport and try to become cricketers.
Take for example the Indian field hockey team. The team is composed of a talented bunch, but the lack of resources like good practice fields cause them to perform poorly. Other than cricket it is impossible to find any sponsors for any other sports. The lack of sponsors, and lack of government support cause India to perform poorly. Athletes who win bronze medals and silver medals for India could easily win golds if the government paid for better facilities or sponsors tried to move away from cricket.

他们表现平平的原因与缺乏资源和板球有关。印度是一个疯狂热爱板球的国家，民众和政府实际上并不关心任何其他运动。因此，其他运动的可用的薪酬、资源和培训设施受到了冲击，擅长拳击的运动员会远离这项运动并尝试成为板球运动员。
以印度曲棍球队为例。该团队由一群才华横溢的人组成，但缺乏良好的训练资源导致他们表现不佳。除了板球，你找不到任何其他运动的赞助商，缺乏赞助商和政府支持导致印度在其他运动项目上表现不佳。如果政府为更好的训练设施买单，或者赞助商试图摆脱板球运动，为印度赢得铜牌和银牌的运动员可以轻松赢得金牌。

I'll give you an example of this biased behavior towards cricket. In 2002, the Indian women's national hockey team won the gold at the commonwealth games in England. This was a great victory for India, and a blossoming women's hockey program. On their return to India, there was very little media coverage and when they landed in India, the women's team did not even have a place to stay the night at. They ended up accommodating at the railway quarters in Mumbai (if you're aware of the rooming situation offered by the railway, you'll realize how shitty this is). They had to take showers at the public bathroom owned by the railway. We are talking about a gold medal winning team here. Now compare that to the reception cricketers get when they land back in India, not from a world cup, but a mere series match with any team.

我给你举个说明这种对板球的偏爱行为的例子。2002年，印度女子国家曲棍球队在英国英联邦运动会上夺得了金牌，这对印度来说是一场伟大的胜利。但印度几乎没有媒体报道，当她们抵达印度时，她们甚至没有地方过夜，最终只能住进孟买的铁路宿舍（如果你知道铁路提供的住宿条件，你会意识到这有多糟糕），她们不得不在铁路拥有的公共浴室洗澡。我们在这里谈论的是一支获得金牌的球队，现在你可以将其与回到印度的板球运动员得到的接待进行比较（他们不是从世界杯回来的，而是从与任何球队的一场系列赛上回来的）。

Uri Granta (אורי גרנטה)
, part-time programmer, full-time dad，Lives in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
No: Bangladesh is, by far. Despite it being the eighth most populous country in the world, no Bangladeshi competitor has yet qualified for the Olympics: all their representatives have competed as wildcards*. None has come close to winning a medal. At the less competitive Asian Games, Bangladesh has won some medals, though only one was in an Olympic sport (a bronze in Boxing).
The reasons for this are similar to India's lack of success: a lack of infrastructure, little government investing in sport, lack of sponsorship, cultural biases and the predominance of cricket and other non-Olympic sports.
[#1 All-Rounder Shakib Al-Hassan; the Tigers have had significantly more success than the Olympic team]
*upxe: in 2016, golfer Siddikur Rahman qualified for the Rio Olympics, finishing 58th.

不：到目前为止，孟加拉国才是。尽管孟加拉国是世界上人口第八多的国家，但还没有一个孟加拉国选手获得奥运会的参赛资格：他们所有的运动员都以“外卡”的身份参赛的，而且他们几乎没有获得一枚奖牌。在竞争力较弱的亚运会上，孟加拉国赢得了一些奖牌，不过只有一枚奖牌来自和奥运会一样的项目（拳击铜牌）。
其原因与印度缺乏成功相似：缺乏基础设施，政府在体育方面的投资很少，缺乏赞助，文化偏见以及板球和其他非奥运项目占据了主导地位。

Rahul Raj
, Proud Indian, IIT KGPian
I would like to answer the second part of this question. Let me give you an example.
If Michael Phelps would have been Indian, this is the conversation that is most likely to happen between a 16 year old Phelps and a typical Indian uncle-
Sharma uncle: Phelps! What do you do?
Phelps: Uncle, I am a professional swimmer.
Uncle: Well, that’s a good hobby. But what do you do?
Phelps: I am a competitive swimmer.
Uncle: Yes, I know. Swimming is good for health also. But what do you do? Like medical or engineering?
Phelps: (speechless)

我想回答问题的第二部分，让我给你举个例子。
如果迈克尔·菲尔普斯是印度人的话，那么这段对话最有可能发生在一个16岁的菲尔普斯和一个典型的印度叔叔之间-
叔叔：菲尔普斯！你是做什么的？
菲尔普斯：叔叔，我是一名专业游泳运动员。
叔叔：嗯，那是个好爱好，但你是做什么的？
菲尔普斯：我是一名有竞争力的游泳运动员。
叔叔：是的，我知道，游泳对健康也有好处。但你是做什么的？医生还是工程师？
菲尔普斯：（无语）

There are simple and well known reasons for the debacle of India in Olympics. Well, you know that Indian society is obsessed with turning their children into doctors and engineers. Every year, around 2.5 million young children go for preparation of medical and engineering exams. And this perpetual cycle continues…
Here, it is cool to prepare for engineering & medical exams and fail. Whereas it is uncool to excel in sports and dreaming to have a career in sports. Why? Because most people want only three things: money, money and money.
The day ‘being a sportsperson’ will become as equally acceptable as ‘being a doctor or engineer’ for Indian society, India will win podium finishes in Olympics. And I bet if that day comes, we will be in top five in the medal tally.

印度在奥运会上的失败有着简单而众所周知的原因。你知道的，印度社会热衷于把他们的孩子变成医生和工程师。每年，约有250万年轻人参加医学和工程学考试的准备工作。这个永恒的循环还在继续…

在这里，准备工程学和医学考试且不及格是很酷的。然而，在体育方面出类拔萃，梦想着从事体育事业是不酷的。为什么？因为大多数人只想要三样东西：钱、钱和钱。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

在印度社会，只有到“成为一名运动员”和“成为一名医生或工程师”一样被接受的那一天，印度才会在奥运会上登上领奖台。我敢打赌，如果那一天到来，我们将进入奖牌榜的前五名。

Malhar Chitnis (मल्हार चिटणीस)
, studied at Jnana Prabodhini Prashala (2020)
There are three reasons
1 Money/Infrastructure
To succeed in any sport, you need dedicated training schools, good college/ pre national level competition structure, coaches etc. India has not invested any money in creating this structure. Western countries invest billions of dollars in infrastructure and financial support to athletes. Foreign athletes also get sponsorships and even collegiate sports have tv deals in many of these countries which means athletes can earn a decent income as well as get money for training, while Indian athletes earn almost nothing during their struggling years.
Now but you'll say that even developing countries like Iran and North Korea are outperforming India in sports. Well that's due to second reason ie

有三个原因：
1. 资金/基础设施
要想在任何一项运动中取得成功，你都需要专门的培训学校、良好的学院/国家级的赛前水平的竞赛体系、教练等，印度没有投入任何资金来建立这种体系。西方国家在基础设施和对运动员的财政支持方面投资了数十亿美元，连外国运动员也能获得赞助，甚至在这些国家，大学体育比赛也有电视转播，这意味着运动员既可以获得可观的收入，也可以获得训练费，而印度的运动员在艰苦的岁月里几乎什么都没有。
但即使是像伊朗和朝鲜这样的发展中国家，在体育方面也比印度表现出色。这是因为第二个原因。

2 Cultural reasons
Sports is seen as a hobby in India and not a good career. In India, almost everybody plays some game in colony/gully but 99.99% don't think of it like a career. Parental pressure is also another aspect of this. And since you earn almost nothing in your early years, it is a big deterrent to many.
Now the third reason may be controversial but I'm still gonna list it.

2. 文化原因
在印度，体育被视为一种爱好，而不是一种好的职业。在印度，几乎每个人都会在colony/gully上玩一些游戏，但99.99%的人并不认为这是一种职业。父母的压力也是其中的一个方面，由于你在早年几乎不会有收入，这对许多人来说是一个巨大的阻力。
第三个原因可能有争议，但我还是会列出。

3 Over importance given to cricket
Cricket is the biggest sport in India hence lot of importance and money has been given to it. We have created a very good Infrastructure for cricket through Ranji and other trophies, IPL, intercollegiate. However this has resulted in other sports being ignored. Big chunk of sports funds go to cricket and other sports are being starved. I genuinely believe that cricket can fund itself entirely through tv deals, IPL etc.

3.过分重视板球
板球是印度最大的体育运动，因此人们对板球给予了大量的重视和资助。我们通过Ranji和其他奖项，IPL，校际比赛，为板球运动创造了一个非常好的基础设施。然而，这导致其他运动被忽视。大量的体育资金被用于板球，而其他体育项目却在挨饿。我真的相信板球完全可以通过电视交易、IPL等为自己融资。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Solutions
I feel that the biggest thing we need to do is promote non cricket sports and create/ improve infrastructure for state and pre national level competition. Khelo India games were a good step, however more needs to be done. We have seen what a good Infrastructure and sufficient money does to a sport. Eg wrestling has a very good history and system of akharas in India, which has resulted in many Olympic medals for the country. Similarly, shooting and badminton have gained prominence recently.

解决方案
我觉得我们需要做的最重要的事情是促进非板球运动，并为邦和国家级的比赛建立/改善基础设施。我们已经看到了良好的基础设施和充足的资金对一项运动的影响，我认为摔跤在印度有着非常好的历史，它为这个国家赢得了许多奥运会奖牌。同样，射击和羽毛球最近也很受欢迎。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Uday Chatterjee
, works at Manulife Financial Corporation，Lives in Boston, MA
Originally Answered: Why is India the least successful (per capita) country in Olympic competition?
While India's Olympics performances leave much to be desired, it isn't technically the least successful country on a per capita basis. India has won 20 cumulative medals (9 gold) before the 2012 edition. 80 of 204 National Olympic Committee members are yet to win any medals. While this list comprises mostly very small countries, it includes Bangladesh (population 150MM), DR Congo (68MM) and Myanmar (48MM).

尽管印度在奥运会上的表现仍有许多不尽如人意之处，但从人均水平来看，它并不是最不成功的国家。在2012年奥运会前，印度累计获得了20枚奥运会奖牌（9枚金牌），而204个国际奥委会成员中有80个还尚未获得任何奖牌。虽然该名单主要包括非常小的国家，但也包括了孟加拉国（人口1.5亿）、刚果民主共和国（6800万）和缅甸（4800万）。

Gaurav Shetty
, works at Intel，Lives in Sunnyvale, CA
I find Olympics unusually biased.
Few events had too many golds to offer.In the previous Olympics there were 38 events with 305 Golds. Swimming alone had 34 Gold medals to offer!
Basketball, Baseball, Soccer, Hockey and Tennis all added together had 12 Golds to offer.

我发现奥运会有着异乎寻常的偏见。
少数项目占据了太多的金牌。在上一届奥运会上，一共有38个项目分享305枚金牌，其中仅游泳一项就有34枚金牌！
篮球、棒球、足球、曲棍球和网球加起来一共只有12枚金牌。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Games like kabaddi,chess,carrom and cricket (shorter format -T20) are missing where India would have won few medals. On the other hand sports like basket ball and baseball are not even played in many parts of the country.
India sent only 83 athletes in 2012 Olympics who participated in just 13 sports.
No wonder India, a country with such a huge population, is among the least successful ones in Olympics.

像卡巴迪、国际象棋、卡鲁姆和板球这样的项目都没有，不然印度本来可以赢得一些奖牌。另一方面，像篮球和棒球这样的运动在很多国家和地区甚至都没人玩。
印度在2012年伦敦奥运会上只派出了83名运动员，他们只参加了13个项目的角逐。
人口如此众多的印度是奥运会最不成功的国家之一的不足为奇了。

Balaji Viswanathan
, follows government policies closely，Lives in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India2016–present
Kamal Pallav
, lives in India and
Shahreyar Yawar
, Been living in India since 2000
Originally Answered: Why is India the least successful (per capita) country in Olympic competition?
I think you are unfairly singling out India, instead of taking the mediocrity of whole of tropical world. So what is the reason for our poor performance? Now, observe the following map to understand the performance of those in the temperate zone and also the absolutely dominance of the northern hemisphere.
First, let us take South Asia (worst region in Olympic games). Myanmar is ruled by Military Junta, India with democracy, Bhutan & Nepal used to be ruled by monarchy, Pakistan sometimes by democracy and Afganistan is ruled by almost nobody, but none of them win medals (in fact, Indians win the maximum medals in South Asian games). [Among temperate countries both democracies such as US, Korea, Japan & UK and non-democracies such as China & North Korea fare really well]. So, it is not democracy that is a problem.
Population size is not a problem either. Bhutan & Sri Lanka are quite small, Pakistan & Bangladesh medium sized and India quite big. None of them are great.

我认为你光把印度而不是整个平庸的热带世界挑出来是不公平的。那么，我们表现不佳的原因是什么呢？现在，观察一下下面的图，了解一下温带地区的表现以及北半球的绝对优势。

首先，让我们看看南亚（奥运会表现最糟糕的地区）。缅甸由军政府统治，印度实行民主制度，不丹和尼泊尔过去由君主制统治，巴基斯坦部分时间实行民主制，阿富汗几乎无人统治，但没有一个国家获得奖牌（事实上，印度人在南亚运动会上获得的奖牌最多）[在温带国家中，美国、韩国、日本和英国等民主国家以及中国和朝鲜等“非民主”国家的表现都非常好]。因此，问题不在于民主。
人口规模也不是问题。不丹和斯里兰卡相当小，巴基斯坦和孟加拉国规模中等，印度的规模相当大，但他们都表现得不是很好。

Is this a racial problem? Malaysians and Indonesians are of different race composition. But, they do worse than Indians (winning only 4 medals in 60 years). Singapore is rich and resourceful, but they have won only 3 medals in 60 years.
Same stuff in Latin America which again hugs the Equator. Many of them don't open their medal count. Venezuala and Columbia barely get a medal or two each Olympics. Mexico is a shade better than India (winning 3 medals last time and 4 medals the previous time) but overall its record is nothing to rave about either. Brazil's record is slightly better (2-3 golds every Olympics), but not that ahead. In Africa, the records of hot countries such as Sudan, Egypt, Morrocco, Congo, Libya are equally terrible.
Among the tropics, Jamaica seems to be an exception, but you have to take into account that all but one of their entire Olympic medal history was won in athletics. Seems more like specialization in a sport than overall sporting strength.

是由于种族问题吗？马来西亚人和印度尼西亚人的种族组成与印度人不同，但是他们的表现比印度人还差（60年来只赢得4枚奥运会奖牌）。新加坡很富裕且训练资源丰富，但60年来他们也只获得了3枚奥运奖牌。
同样的事情也发生在拉丁美洲的赤道地区。他们中的很多国家都没有公布奖牌数量，委内瑞拉和哥伦比亚在每届奥运会上几乎连一两枚奖牌都拿不到。墨西哥比印度略胜一筹（上一次奥运会赢得了3枚奖牌，上上一次赢得了4枚奖牌），但总的来说，它的记录也没什么好夸耀的。巴西的记录稍好一些（每届奥运会大约2-3枚金牌），但并不领先。在非洲，诸如苏丹、埃及、莫罗科、刚果、利比亚等热带国家的记录同样糟糕。
在热带地区，牙买加似乎是一个例外，但你必须考虑到，除了一枚奖牌外，他们的整个奥运奖牌历史都是在田径比赛中获得的。这使得他们看起来更像是在把一项运动专业化，而不是因为他们的整体运动实力。

So, the problem should lie elsewhere. I think the issue is primarily with the tropical climate. Almost all of the top rankers (China, US, Russia, Germany, Japan, France and Korea) are from temperate countries where the climate affords more physical activity. In tropics there is a severe disincentive to train and in general people from tropics tend to fare bad in most Olympic sports.
India for instance scores well in many indoor games which are not affected by the hot sun. Indians fare well in Chess, Billiards, Boxing and more regional games such as Carrom.

因此，问题应该在别处。我认为问题主要与热带气候有关。几乎所有排名靠前的国家（中国、美国、俄罗斯、德国、日本、法国和韩国）都来自气候温和的国家，那里的气候适宜进行更多的体育活动。在热带地区，气候对训练有严重的抑制作用，一般来说，热带地区的人在大多数奥运会项目中都表现不佳。
例如，印度在许多不受烈日影响的室内比赛中得分很高。印度人在国际象棋、台球、拳击以及卡鲁姆（Carrom）等比赛中表现出色。

Those accusing Cricket-craziness as the reason don't take into account the fact that when Indians win even a single bronze they are treated as national idols in India. Non-cricket players such as PT Usha, Milka Singh, Saina Nehwal (who also makes big bucks in ads & promotions), Karnam Malleswari, Sania Mirza, Leander Paes got national recognition, attention and money when they won in International arena. It is just that Indians don't win in sports other than Cricket consistent enough that their recognition fades in some time.

那些指责板球狂热的人没有考虑到这样一个事实，即当印度人赢得一枚铜牌时，他们都会在印度被视为国家偶像。非板球运动员，如普特·乌沙、米尔卡·辛格、塞纳·内瓦尔（她也在广告和促销活动中赚大钱）、卡南·马勒斯瓦里、萨尼亚·米尔扎、利安德·佩斯等，在国际舞台上获胜后都获得了国家的认可、关注和金钱。只是印度人在板球以外的运动中并没有足够稳定地获胜，以至于对他们的认可度在一段时间内就逐渐消失了。

Now, take the parallels with America. Americans are crazy about NFL, NBA and MLB (but for basketball other 2 are seldom played elsewhere) and 90% of all sporting attention go there. Michael Jordan has many times more recognition and made many times more money than 22 medal winner Michael Phelps. But, American athletes and swimmers chug along fine.
Craziness about a sport is not a problem. Indians love Cricket because we don't win enough anywhere else and not the other way round. If Indians were to enter Worldcup Soccer finals or Wimbledon finals in Tennis singles, I can assure you that we will get more TV viewers than Cricket ever got.

现在，以美国为例，美国人对 NFL、NBA 和 MLB 很着迷。迈克尔·乔丹比22枚奥运会奖牌得主迈克尔·菲尔普斯获得了更多的认可，赚了更多的钱。
对一项运动的狂热不是问题。印度人喜欢板球，是因为我们在其他地方没有赢得足够多的胜利，反之亦然。如果印度人能够进入世界杯足球赛决赛或温布尔登网球单打决赛，我可以向你们保证，我们将获得比板球更多的电视观众。