为什么这么多人把芬兰误认为是斯堪的纳维亚国家?
Why do so many people mistake Finland as a Scandinavian country?
译文简介
网友：芬兰是双语国家，6%的芬兰人将瑞典语作为第一语言。我在韦恩堡这里有个很友好的同事，他来自芬兰。她同意我的观点，认为芬兰是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一部分，因为以瑞典语为母语的人很多(尽管当然是小比例)。
正文翻译
Why do so many people mistake Finland as a Scandinavian country?
为什么这么多人把芬兰误认为是斯堪的纳维亚国家?
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Lots of answers have said why this is an easy mistake to make.
There are two more interesting questions:
First, is it a mistake at all?
Not really. Scandinavia, in English, has multiple meanings. It always includes Norway and Sweden. It frequently includes Denmark. It sometimes includes Iceland, the Aland Islands, and the Faroe Islands, and it sometimes includes Finland.
Second, why is this a mistake (if it is)
In Scandinavia itself, the term seems to mostly be used for peoples who share a related set of languages. Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian are quite close. Icelandic is pretty different. Finnish is utterly different - not at all related.
很多答案都说明了为什么这是一个很容易犯的错误。还有两个更有趣的问题:
首先，这个说法完全错误吗?不见得。斯堪的纳维亚在英语中有多种含义。它一定包括挪威和瑞典。通常也包括丹麦、奥兰群岛、法罗群岛，有时还包括芬兰。
第二，为什么这是一个错误(如果是的话)
在斯堪的那维亚半岛，这个词似乎主要是用来形容那些拥有一套相关语言的民族。丹麦语、瑞典语和挪威语很接近。冰岛语很不一样。芬兰语则完全不同——跟它们完全没有关系。
Finland is bilingual, with 6% of Finns speaking Swedish as a first language. I have a friendly colleague here in Fort Wayne who’s from Finland. She agrees with me that a case can be made that Finland is a part of Scandinavia because of the large [though of course minoritarian] presence of native Swedish speakers.
芬兰是双语国家，6%的芬兰人将瑞典语作为第一语言。我在韦恩堡这里有个很友好的同事，他来自芬兰。她同意我的观点，认为芬兰是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一部分，因为以瑞典语为母语的人很多(尽管当然是小比例)。
Because in the English-speaking world, they often use “Scandinavian” where we would use “Nordic”. The terms are interchangeable to many speakers of English, and many won’t even have heard the term “Nordic”.
And the reason why we have the term “Nordic”, as separate from “Scandinavian”, is that in almost any aspect you care to mention that is relevant in an everyday discussion, like social, cultural, economical, or political issues, Finland is pretty much indistinguishable from the Scandinavian countries, even from the inside.
And that’s why Finland isn’t “clearly not Scandinavian” to non-Nordic people. Pretty much the only difference is the language, and very few people speak any Nordic language. (I sometimes even get questions here on Quora that seem to assume that the Swedish and Finnish languages are in some way similar.)
因为在英语国家，他们经常用"斯堪的纳维亚"而我们用"北欧"。对于许多讲英语的人来说，这两个词是可以互换的，很多人甚至都没听说过“北欧”这个词。为什么我们用“北欧人”这个词区别于“斯堪的纳维亚人”，是因为在几乎所有你想提到的日常讨论相关的方面，比如社会、文化、经济或政治问题，芬兰与斯堪的纳维亚半岛国家几乎没有什么区别，即使从内部来看也是如此，但是芬兰对非北欧人来说“显然不是斯堪的纳维亚”。语言几乎是唯一的区别，很少有芬兰人说北欧语言。(我有时甚至在Quora上收到一些问题，似乎认为瑞典语和芬兰语在某种程度上是相似的。)
People who think so do actually not make a very serious mistake. From an international perspective, it is actually understandable that many people more or less count Finland as a Scandinavian country.
Finland is in most regards similar to the three Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Norway and Denmark. When it comes to such matters as how society on a whole works and how people live their daily life.
The main difference is the majority population in Finland is speaking a language that is very different from the Scandinavian languages.
Another, less important, difference is that there are som aspects of traditional Finnish folklore culture that Scandinavians think it is a bit hard to relate to.
From an outside perspective, theese differences between the three Scandinavian countries and Finland are in most cases not very important.
To illustrate this, I would like to compare this to another region in Europe.
I would say that Poland, Czechia, Slovakia and Hungary are typical Central European countries. (There are other Central European countries as well, but let’s stay with theese four right now).
The people in Poland, Czechia and Slovakia are speaking Slavic languages, that at least to some degree are mutually intelligble. The people in Hungary is speaking a very different Fenno-Ugric language.
Since I neither speak any Slavic language, nor a Fenno-Ugric language, I don’t consider this difference to be of main importance.
I understand that Hungary because of its strange language perhaps is a little bit of a dpecial case sometimes, but I percieve the historical and cultural similarities between Poland, Czechia, Slovakia and Hurgary to be a more important factor.
For that reason, I group them together. It may be a simplification, but a degree a simplification is sometimes necessary to be able to see and be able to understand a bigger picture, so to say.
这样想的人实际上不算非常严重的错误。从国际的角度来看，很多人或多或少地认为芬兰是一个斯堪的纳维亚国家，这其实是可以理解的。当涉及到诸如社会整体如何运作和人们如何生活这样的问题时，芬兰在很多方面与瑞典、挪威和丹麦这三个斯堪的纳维亚国家相似。主要的区别是，芬兰的大多数人口说的语言与斯堪的纳维亚语非常不同。另一个不太重要的区别是，芬兰的传统民俗文化中有一些方面是斯堪的纳维亚人认为很难理解的。从外部的角度来看，这三个斯堪的纳维亚国家和芬兰之间的这些差异在大多数情况下不是很重要。为了说明这一点，我想将其与欧洲的另一个地区进行比较。我认为波兰、捷克、斯洛伐克和匈牙利是典型的中欧国家。(也有其他中欧国家，但我们现在只谈这四个国家)。波兰、捷克和斯洛伐克的人民说的是斯拉夫语，至少在某种程度上是能相互理解的。匈牙利人说的是一种非常不同的芬尼乌戈尔语。由于我既不会说斯拉夫语，也不会说芬尼乌戈尔语语言，所以我不认为这一区别有什么重要意义。我理解匈牙利，因为它的语言很奇怪，也许有时会有点特殊，但我认为波兰、捷克、斯洛伐克和匈牙利之间的历史和文化相似性是一个更重要的因素，因此，我把它们放在一起。这可能是一种简化，但某种程度的简化有时是必要的，可以这么说，简化能够看到和理解更大的画面。
Finland is very much Scandinavian country. They share similar culture, history and political stands.
The only difference is the language, as Finnish is unrelated to Indo-European languages.
芬兰是一个斯堪的纳维亚国家。他们有着相似的文化、历史和政治立场。唯一不同的是语言，因为芬兰语与印欧语系无关。
“Scadinavian People” is an expression thar ecompasses Danes, Swedes and Nowegians.
“Scandinavian Peninsula”, however only consists of only Norway and Sweden.
Finland is a continental country that borders with the east of the Scadinavian Peninsula, like France is a continetal country that borders with the west of the Italian Peninsula, which consists of Italy, the Vatican City and San Marino.
While all Scandinavians, as above defined, speak mutually intelleggible idioms, the Finnish language is not lixed to any of the Scandinavian languages.
Rather, it is part of the Uralic language-group like Estonian, Livonic and few other languages or dialects spoken in the north of Russia (Karelian, Ludic and a few others).
In conclusion, while slipshod speakers often either say or imply that Finland is part of Scadinavia, that simply it is as true as saying that that France is part of the Italian Peninsula.
“斯卡迪纳维亚人”是丹麦人、瑞典人和挪威人常用的一种说法。然而，“斯堪的纳维亚半岛”只包括挪威和瑞典。芬兰是一个大陆国家，东部与斯堪的纳维亚半岛接壤，比如法国是一个与意大利半岛西部接壤的大陆国家，而意大利半岛它包括意大利、梵蒂冈城和圣马力诺。正如上面所定义的，所有的斯堪的纳维亚人都讲相互理解的习语，而芬兰语与任何斯堪的纳维亚语都没有联系。相反，它是乌拉尔语系的一部分，就像爱沙尼亚语和少数其他语言一样，或者俄罗斯北部的方言(卡累利阿语、鲁迪克语和其他一些方言)。总之，当粗心的说话者经常说或暗示芬兰是斯堪的纳维亚的一部分时，就像说法国是意大利半岛的一部分一样。
This seems to be a misunderstanding that is particularly common in English-speaking countries. It seems like they are confusing Scandinavia
with the Nordic countries
. In English there is no single noun to describe the Nordic countries like there is in Scandinavian, where we have the word Norden (literally meaning “The North”). This might perhaps be part of the reason. Also, Finland has a long history as part of Sweden, which is an important reason why it is considered a Nordic country. There is also a Swedish-speaking minority in Finland.
这似乎是一个误解，特别是在英语国家。他们似乎把斯堪的纳维亚和北欧国家搞混了。
在英语中，没有一个单独的名词来描述北欧国家，比如斯堪的纳维亚语中的Norden(字面意思是“北方”)。这可能是部分原因。此外，芬兰作为瑞典的一部分有着悠久的历史，这是它被认为是北欧国家的一个重要原因。在芬兰也有说瑞典语的少数民族。
People often think the Nordic countries equal Scandinavia. Finland is part of the former one.
Sometimes even Finnish people themselves include Finland in Scandinavia. Most Finns don’t care about these names.
人们常常认为北欧国家等同于斯堪的纳维亚半岛。芬兰是前者的一部分。
有时甚至芬兰人也把自己包括进斯堪的纳维亚半岛。但大多数芬兰人不关心这些名字。
People just get their terms mixed up. They are not aware of the distinction between “Scandinavia” and “the Nordic countries”.
Finland is a Nordic country but not a Scandinavian one. Finland stopped being a part of Scandinavia when Russia conquered Finland in 1808.
大家只是把术语弄混了。他们不知道“斯堪的纳维亚”和“北欧国家”之间的区别。芬兰是一个北欧国家，但不是斯堪的纳维亚国家。1808年俄罗斯占领芬兰后，芬兰不再是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一部分。
Because Scandinavia has two different meanings:
1: the Scandinavian peninsula where Finland, Norwsy and Sweden is situated
2:the Scandinavian cultural region, historically made up of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, as a remnant of the Kalmar unx.
因为斯堪的纳维亚半岛有两个不同的含义:
1:芬兰、挪威和瑞典所在的斯堪的纳维亚半岛
2:斯堪的纳维亚文化区，历史上由丹麦、瑞典和挪威组成，是卡尔马联盟的延续。
Simply because many people don't know what the definition of Scandinavia is.
This is hardly surprising as, in English at least, the word is widely used quite incorrectly to mean the Nordic countries. ‘Nordic' does include Finland, as well as other countries in the same region such as Iceland and the Faroes.
Scandinavia only correctly means the two countries of the Scandinavian peninsula, Norway and Sweden, plus Denmark — three distinct countries, but with almost uniquely close cultural ties.
原因很简单，很多人不知道斯堪的纳维亚的定义是什么。这并不奇怪，因为至少在英语中，这个词被广泛地错误地用来指北欧国家。“北欧”包括芬兰，以及同地区的其他国家，如冰岛和法罗群岛。斯堪的那维亚只能表示斯堪的那维亚半岛的两个国家，挪威，瑞典，还有丹麦，这三个截然不同的国家，却有着几乎独一无二的紧密文化联系。
“Scandinavia” refers to the peninsula that includes Norway and Sweden. Finland was at one time part of Sweden. That makes it part of “Scandinavia” in some people’s eyes even though it doesn’t true.
“Scandinavia” (both Norway and Sweden) was at one time part of Denmark. Again, that cause some people to wrongly associate Denmark with Scandinavia.
斯堪的纳维亚半岛是指包括挪威和瑞典在内的半岛。芬兰曾经是瑞典的一部分。这使得它在一些人眼中成为“斯堪的纳维亚”的一部分，尽管这不是真的。斯堪的纳维亚半岛(包括挪威和瑞典)曾经是丹麦的一部分。这再次导致一些人错误地将丹麦和斯堪的纳维亚联系在一起。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
As others have pointed out, the Nordic countries consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden (and more loosely includes the Faroes, Greenland and Åland Island) while Scandinavia refers to three of them (D,N and S). My take on this, as a Norwegian, is that the term "Norden" (=the Nordic Countries) is more commonly used within the region than "Scandinavia". These countries think of themselves as a family with many common values, even though the Finns speak a language that is not even slightly related to the language spoken by the others.
The term Scandinavia is more commonly used by people outside the region, and then often used losely to refer to the whole group. It's my impression that none of the Nordic member countries are seriously upset at this small technical error of definition.
Within this family there are certainly sibling-type squabbles and rivalries from time to time, especially when it comes to sports, but never hostility. They enjoy nothing more than to beat their siblings in a sport but in an international competition where they themselves are not represented, they're the first to cheer on their neighbours!
This high degree of respect and lack of hostility, coupled with troubles within the EU, has caused many to suggest that we should form a Nordic Economic unx. We would collectively be of a size that puts us more on an equal footing with the larger European countries. And that could be a good thing.
正如其他人指出的，北欧国家包括丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威和瑞典(更松散地包括法罗群岛、格陵兰岛和奥兰岛)，而斯堪的纳维亚指的是其中的三个(丹麦、挪威和瑞典)。作为一个挪威人，我对此的看法是，“Norden”(=北欧国家)这个词在该地区比“斯堪的纳维亚”更常用。这些国家认为自己是一个有许多共同价值观的大家庭,尽管芬兰人说的是一种与其他语言无关的语言。斯堪的纳维亚半岛这个词通常是由该地区以外的人使用的，然后通常用来泛指整个地区。在我的印象中，没有一个北欧成员国对这个定义上的小错误感到严重不安。
在这个家庭中，当然会时不时地发生兄弟姐妹之间的争吵和对抗，尤其是在体育方面，但从来没有敌意。他们最喜欢的就是在体育比赛中打败他们的兄弟姐妹，但在没有自己代表的国际比赛中，他们是第一个为他们的邻居加油的人!这种互敬和友善，再加上欧盟内部的麻烦，使得许多人建议我们应该组建一个北欧经济联盟。我们的整体规模将使我们与欧洲大国处于更平等的地位。这可能是件好事。
There are already correct answers but let's put this simply. Scandinavian is both a geographic and a cultural concept. As for the cultural concept, it is mostly linguistic.
Geographically, it refers to the peninsula crossed by the Scandinavian Mountains a.k.a. the Scandes. There are two countries on the peninsula: Sweden and Norway. (Earlier in history Denmark also had areas in Scania (Skåne), which is now a part of Sweden.) Most of Finland is geographically Fennoscandia.
Concerning nations and not geographical areas, Scandinavia means the countries whose majority language belongs to the North Germanic a.k.a. Scandinavian group. Those languages are Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese. There is also the autonomous archipelago of Åland which is under the Finnish rule but is culturally and linguistically Swedish, so we can include it there, too. Constructing Scandinavia purely linguistically, we can include Svenskfinland, which means the Swedish-speaking regions of Finland, there as well.
Finland shares a lot with Scandinavian countries. The culture is mainly similar kind and especially the political system is quite alike (except for that continental Scandinavian countries are monarchies). The difference is that Finland also has eastern influence from Russia. There is for example the distinct culture of melancholy that differentiates it from Scandinavia. Because of the brotherhood between Finland and Scandinavia, all the countries are grouped together under the name Nordic countries.
However, the concepts Nordic and Scandinavia don't cause problems for Nordic people. That's because Scandinavia is used mostly abroad. Nordic people use the name Norden (in Scandinavian) and Pohjoismaat (in Finnish), which means the Nordic countries. The concept of Scandinavia is not necessary in ordinary speech. Many Finns don't actually care about it. Some think that Finland is a part of Scandinavia and some who don't think that still use it when speaking with foreigners in order to make clear, where Finland is located on the map. Some are aware of the distinction and the most of them won't be mad if a foreigner mixes them.
已经有正确的答案了，但让我们简单地说。斯堪的纳维亚语既是一个地理概念，也是一个文化概念。至于文化概念,主要是语言方面。在地理上，它指的是斯堪的纳维亚山脉穿越的半岛，也就是斯堪的纳维亚半岛。半岛上有两个国家:瑞典和挪威。(历史上，丹麦在斯堪尼亚也有领土，该地区现在是瑞典的一部分。)芬兰的大部分地区在地理上是芬诺斯坎迪亚。斯堪的纳维亚指的是主要语言属于北日耳曼语，也就是斯堪的纳维亚语的国家。这些语言包括瑞典语、丹麦语、挪威语、冰岛语和法罗语。还有一个自治的群岛Åland，属于芬兰管辖，但在文化和语言上属于瑞典，所以我们也可以把它包括在里面。纯粹从语言上构建斯堪的纳维亚半岛，我们可以把芬兰的瑞典语地区也包括在内。芬兰和斯堪的纳维亚国家有很多共同点。主要文化是相似的种类，特别是政治制度非常相似(除了斯堪的纳维亚大陆国家是君主制这点外)。不同的是，芬兰也受到东方俄罗斯的影响。例如，有一种独特的忧郁文化，将其与斯堪的纳维亚区别开来。由于芬兰和斯堪的纳维亚之间的兄弟情谊，所有国家都被归在北欧国家的名下。
然而,北欧和斯堪的纳维亚的概念并没有给北欧人带来问题。这是因为斯堪的纳维亚主要在国外使用。北欧人使用Norden(斯堪的纳维亚语)和Pohjoismaat(芬兰语)，意思是北欧国家。斯堪的纳维亚半岛的概念在日常语言中是没必要的。许多芬兰人实际上并不关心这个名词。有些人认为芬兰是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一部分，有些不这么认为的人在和外国人说话时仍然会用这个词，以便弄清芬兰在地图上的位置。有些人知道这两者的区别，如果外国人把它们混在一起，大多数人也不会生气。
Scandinavia refers to the Scandinavian Mountains, or Scandes, which stretch over Norway and Sweden. Due to the shared cultural and language context Denmark is also considered as a part of Scandinavia, but not Finland.
斯堪的那维亚指的是横跨挪威和瑞典的斯堪的那维亚山脉。由于共同的文化和语言背景，丹麦也被认为是斯堪的纳维亚的一部分，而芬兰不是。
Because Finnish is not a Scandinavian language. Actually, languages like Persian and Urdu are closer to Scandinavian than Finnish. Finnish is related to Estonian (and more distantly to Hungarian and Sami). Swedish, Danish and Norwegian are really variants of the same language, they are very close, although Danish might be difficult to understand because of the accent (many Norwegians also find the Scanian dialect of Swedish difficult, for the same reason).
因为芬兰语不讲斯堪的纳维亚语。事实上，像波斯语和乌尔都语这样的语言都比芬兰语更接近斯堪的纳维亚语。芬兰语与爱沙尼亚语有亲缘关系(与匈牙利语和萨米语的亲缘关系较远)。瑞典语、丹麦语和挪威语实际上是同一种语言的变体，它们非常接近，尽管丹麦语可能因为口音而难以理解(出于同样的原因，许多挪威人也觉得瑞典语的斯坎尼安方言很难理解)。
In a Northern European context, Scandinavia consists of Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
Finland do not usually consider itself as a Scandinavian country, but as one of the Nordic countries.
From a cultural perspective, Finland is mostly similar to the Scandinavian countries. The main difference is linguistical, Finnish is not a Scandinavian language (and that difference may not be much to worry about if you look from outside and neither speak a Scandinavian language, nor speak Finnish).
If you happen to include Finland in Scandinavia, I’m sure most Finns will be understanding and forgive you for it. But Scandinavians and Finns use the term Nordic countries instead.
在北欧，斯堪的那维亚包括丹麦、瑞典和挪威。芬兰通常不认为自己是斯堪的纳维亚国家，而是北欧国家之一。从文化的角度来看，芬兰与斯堪的纳维亚国家非常相似。主要的区别在于语言，芬兰语不是斯堪的纳维亚语(如果既不会说斯堪的纳维亚语，也不会说芬兰语，那么这种差异可能就不值一提了)。如果你碰巧把芬兰包括在斯堪的纳维亚半岛，我相信大多数芬兰人会理解并原谅你的。但是斯堪的纳维亚人和芬兰人都使用“北欧国家”这个词。
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The concepts in different languages frequently don´t match each other. We who live here in Finland, Iceland. Denmark, Norway and Sweden find we share the culture and history etc. E g Finland was a part of the huge Kingdom of Sweden, with the capital Stockholm in the centre; after the Finnish War in 1809 Sweden lost Finland to Russia and got its present smaller area. But the culture didn´t change in Finland which kept the Law of Sweden. Though the majority language of Finland, Finnish, belongs to a non-Indo-European language family, Finnish has, not surprisingly, loaned many words and even more concepts from Swedish. The administration, politics etc are quite similar. Thus, it is easier to translate Astrid Lindgren´s books from Swedish into Finnish than to English, because you can often translate word-for-word.
Mostly we speak and think of the North, the Nordic countries: in Swedish Norden, de Nordiska länderna; in Finnish Pohjoismaat. Det nordiska samarbetet = Pohjoismainen yhteistyö = Nordic co-operation; long before the EU we had a “unx” allowing us to travel, get employment, settle in the other countries with little ado.
But “Scandinavia” can be different things - geograhically it can be the peninsula between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea/Atlantic, i e Norway and Sweden. In English it sometimes includes another peninsula, Denmark, and a more distant island, Iceland. And sometimes, not to confuse Americans in a hurry, I could accept “Scandinavia” as including all the Nordic Countries, or say Scandinavia and Finland. But we could say the Nordic Countries or the Nordics.
Apart from geography, Scandinavian languages include Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, which are mutually understandable, also Icelandic which is harder to understand due to its older vocabulary. In Swedish: de nordiska språken = the Nordic languages. BUT to include Finnish, the Swedish term is “språken i Norden” = the languages in the Nordics.
I am a native Finnish speaker, learned also Swedish at school as the other national language of Finland, which made it easy to move to Sweden decades ago. At the university in Finland, I studied English translation. Moving between different countries and languages gives you a perspective to understand why languages and cultures are living things which can´t be easily fed into digital translation programs - you have to live them or study them.
不同语言中的概念往往不一致。我们住在芬兰，冰岛。丹麦、挪威和瑞典的人，发现我们有共同的文化和历史。芬兰是幅员辽阔的瑞典王国的一部分，首都斯德哥尔摩位于中央。1809年芬兰战争后，瑞典割让芬兰给了俄罗斯，变成现在的一个小国。但是芬兰的文化并没有改变，它遵守瑞典法律。尽管芬兰的主要语言芬兰语不属于印欧语系，毫无疑问，芬兰语从瑞典语中借用了很多单词甚至更多的概念。行政、政治等都很相似。因此，阿斯特丽德·林德格伦的书从瑞典语翻译成芬兰语比翻译成英语更容易，因为你经常可以逐字翻译。
但“斯堪的纳维亚”是不同的东西，从地理上讲，它是波罗的海和北海/大西洋之间的半岛，即挪威和瑞典。在英语中，它有时包括另一个半岛，丹麦，和一个更遥远的岛屿，冰岛。有时候，为了不让美国人着急，我可以接受“斯堪的纳维亚”这个词，它包括了所有的北欧国家，或者说是斯堪的纳维亚和芬兰。但我们可以说是北欧国家或北欧人。除了地理，斯堪的纳维亚语还包括瑞典语、挪威语、丹麦语，这些语言可以相互理解，还有冰岛语，由于其词汇更古老，所以很难理解。我的母语是芬兰语，在学校也学过瑞典语，这是芬兰的另一种国语，这让我在几十年前搬到瑞典很容易。在芬兰的大学里，我学的是英语翻译。
在不同的国家和语言之间的交流让你有了一个视角去理解为什么语言和文化是有生命的东西，而这些东西不能轻易在数字翻译程序中感知，你要么生活在其中感知，要么通过研究它感知。
Northern Finland is a part of Scandinavia geographically. Linguistically Finland is not scandinavian. Culturally Finland is almost totally scandinavian. So, it depends on aspect..
I myself as an finnish person do not upset if I’m called scandinavian Though I never refer myself as one. It seems it’s mostly the people of the “Scandinavia proper” who gets upset if Finland or it’s people are called scandinavian. Maybe they still live in the days of Swedish empire or times of vikings and think that we finns are “untermensch” or something. (Now I was being somewhat sarcastic)
芬兰北部在地理上是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一部分。从语言上讲，芬兰不是斯堪的纳维亚国家。芬兰的文化几乎完全是斯堪的纳维亚文化。所以这取决于各方面。作为一个芬兰人，如果我被喊斯堪的纳维亚人，不会觉得有问题。如果芬兰人被称为斯堪的纳维亚人，似乎大多数情况下是“斯堪的纳维亚正统派”的人会生气。也许他们还生活在瑞典帝国或维京人的时代，认为我们芬兰人是“低等人”或什么的。(现在我倒觉得有点讽刺了)
Johannes Olavi Virtanen
, lives in Nordic Countries
Scandinavia and Nordic countries are regularly used as synonyms, which I can see is the case with your question as well — and this might cause some confusion. Geographically speaking, Scandinavia refers to the Scandinavian peninsula, consisting of Norway, Sweden, and parts of northern Finland. By this definition, Finland is not part of Scandinavia (at least not wholly). But because of many historical, political, and cultural reasons, one has wanted to include Finland as part of the definition, and therefore the concept of Fenno-scandinavia was created (‘fenno’ referring to Finland). And not to make things too easy, there’s also the concept of Fennoscandia, the two being also used interchangeably ;-)
Linguistically speaking, the Scandinavian languages are usually thought to consist of Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. Although classified as separate languages, the speakers can understand each other with quite an ease. Also Icelandic is considered a Scandinavian language, but for the sake of geographical distance and isolation, it’s quite different from the aforementioned three.
So strictly speaking, only Norway and Sweden can be considered to form part of the geographical Scandinavia, the Scandinavian peninsula. Denmark is usually added to the mix for being part of the Scandinavian language group, as well as for the historical lixs to Skåne (what we know today as Denmark, used to be located in the territory of nowaday Sweden).
But even despite the fact that the Finnish language is not part of the Scandinavian language group (and not even part of the Indo-European languages), nor it belongs to the Scandinavian peninsula, Finland has been wanted to be included within the Scandinavian group. While the concept of ‘Nordic countries’ is much younger (according to Wikipedia, it was brought to mainstream “after the advent of Foreningen Norden”, an NGO established in 1919), it can easily overcome all the ambiguity related to the term ‘Scandinavia’, or ‘Scandinavian countries’, a subset of which ‘Scandinavia’ is thought to be.
However, the significance of words are ultimately determined in the everyday conventions how people use them, and although rather ambiguous, ‘Scandinavia’ and ‘Nordic countries’ have been used interchangeably. Therefore: yes, Finland is a Scandinavian country.
斯堪的纳维亚和北欧国家经常被用作同义词，我可以看到你的问题也是如此——这可能会引起一些混淆。从地理上讲，斯堪的那维亚半岛是指由挪威、瑞典和芬兰北部地区组成的斯堪的那维亚半岛。根据这个定义，芬兰不是斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一部分(至少不是全部)。但由于许多历史、政治和文化原因，人们想把芬兰作为定义的一部分，因此“fenno -斯堪的纳维亚”的概念就产生了(“fenno”指芬兰)。为了不事情搞得太简单，这里还有个“芬兰斯堪的”的概念，这两个词也可以互换使用。从语言学上讲，斯堪的纳维亚语通常被认为由丹麦语、挪威语和瑞典语组成。虽然这几个被划分为不同的语言，但说话者可以很容易地相互理解。冰岛语也被认为是斯堪的纳维亚语，但由于地理距离和隔离，它与前面提到的三种语言有很大的不同。所以严格来说，只有挪威和瑞典可以被认为是地理上斯堪的纳维亚半岛的一部分。丹麦通常被看作其中一员，是因为它是斯堪的纳维亚语系的一部分，以及斯科讷的历史连接(我们今天所知道的丹麦，曾经位于今天的瑞典境内)。尽管芬兰语不属于斯堪的纳维亚语系(甚至也不属于印欧语系)，也不属于斯堪的纳维亚半岛，芬兰一直希望被纳入斯堪的纳维亚集团。虽然“北欧国家”的概念要年轻得多(根据维基百科，它是在1919年成立的非政府组织“弗宁根诺顿”出现后才成为主流的)，但“北欧国家”这一词汇可以很容易地解决与术语“斯堪的纳维亚”或“斯堪的纳维亚国家”这一子集相关的所有歧义。然而，单词的意义最终取决于人们在日常生活中如何使用它们，尽管相当模糊，“斯堪的纳维亚”和“北欧国家”一直被互换使用。因此:是的，芬兰是一个斯堪的纳维亚国家。