加纳种植可可，为什么不能生产巧克力?
Ghana Grows Our Cocoa, So Why Can’t It Make Chocolate? | Big Business
译文简介
遍身罗绮者，不是养蚕人。
正文翻译
（“我们努力对巧克力进行去殖民化”）
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
In 2021, Ghana grew 1 million tons of cocoa. But it exported most of that to Europe and North America, where it was turned into chocolate. And the big bucks are in chocolate. Trapped in a trade relationship with Europe and struggling to process chocolate itself, Ghana sees little of the industry's profits. So as chocolate companies rake in billions, cocoa farmers struggle to make a living income. We went to Ghana to see the impact on farmers and learn how local entrepreneurs are trying to keep chocolate dollars inside their country.
2021年，加纳种植了100万吨可可。但大部分都出口到欧洲和北美，并在那里制成巧克力。而最赚钱的是巧克力。由于深陷与欧洲的贸易关系，而且自己加工巧克力困难重重，加纳的巧克力行业利润十分微薄。因此，当巧克力公司赚取数十亿美元时，可可农却在勉强维持生计。我们去了加纳，观察了一下这种情况对农民的影响，并了解到当地企业家是如何努力将巧克力的钱留在国内的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
2021年，加纳种植了100万吨可可。但大部分都出口到欧洲和北美，并在那里制成巧克力。而最赚钱的是巧克力。由于深陷与欧洲的贸易关系，而且自己加工巧克力困难重重，加纳的巧克力行业利润十分微薄。因此，当巧克力公司赚取数十亿美元时，可可农却在勉强维持生计。我们去了加纳，观察了一下这种情况对农民的影响，并了解到当地企业家是如何努力将巧克力的钱留在国内的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
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I live in indonesia, the 3rd largest cocoa grower. My sister used to work at bakery and they mostly use imported chocolates from netherlands or belgium for the dressing. When she asked her boss why not use local chocolates, his answer is because our country can't produce high quality chocolate. And that's the problem with developing countries like us, we're rich in natural resources but cannot process them properly into high quality products. So we export them to rich countries and import the refined products. That's a negative net
我住在印尼，世界第三大可可种植国。我姐姐以前在面包店工作，他们大多用从荷兰或比利时进口的巧克力做调味品。当她问她的老板为什么不使用当地的巧克力，他的回答是，因为我们国家生产不出高质量的巧克力。这就是我们这样的发展中国家所面临的问题，我们拥有丰富的自然资源，但却不能将它们适当地加工成高质量的产品。所以我们把它们出口到富裕国家，然后进口精炼产品。这是纯亏钱。
Just a handful of countries produce almost all the cocoa in the world. It’s an oligopoly situation. Just raise prices. They have to pay what you charge. They got no where else to go.
只有少数几个国家生产了世界上几乎所有的可可。这是一种寡头垄断的情况。你们可以直接提高价格。他们必须支付你们提出的价格。他们找不到别的卖家。
I'm from neighbouring Malaysia. Thanks for sharing, this is actually pretty interesting to know.
我来自邻国马来西亚。谢谢分享，这其实很有趣。
so why cant you & similar countries just get your act together.. and DO? Why live in an endless cycle of despair (usually fueled by religion & fear).
所以为什么你们和类似的国家不能协调一致……并且行动起来? 为什么生活在无尽的绝望循环中(通常是由宗教和恐惧推动的)？
This is true. I'm from Philippines and has a growing cacao industry. Maybe ASEAN assert more effort to increase progress in making high quality cocoa products.
确实是这样。我来自菲律宾，这里的可可业正在蓬勃发展。也许东盟要作出更多努力，以提高生产高质量可可产品的进展。
they export them to those countries, which turns them into high quality, and then they import them back to your country as high quality. Fantastic!
你们将可可出口到那些国家，那些国家把它们变成高质量的产品，然后再因为“高质量”进口到你们国家。太棒了!
They should raise the prices and at the same time build factory needed to process them.
他们应该提高价格，同时建立加工所需的工厂。
@TheBooban Basically an OPEC-like situation but for cacao. I could see that working quite well! The only issue would be the geographic spread of the countries and cultural differences which would make such an alliance more difficult, but it would certainly be very important for those countries.
@TheBooban 你们的情况基本上类似于欧佩克，只是产品是可可。我觉得欧佩克就运行的很好! 唯一的问题将是可可产地国的地理分布和文化差异，这将使这些国家更难结成类似的联盟，但这肯定是非常重要的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
the farmers use methods from the 18th Century; dont you think its time to modernize? maybe research recipes to make your own high quality chocolate; the Netherlands and Belgium have been making chocolate for hundreds of years now, do you think they will share their intellectual property and hand over their raw cocoa processing techniques and recipes? i find it really hard to explain things to ignorant people - because ignorance is bliss.
这些农民使用的是18世纪的做法，你们不觉得是时候进行现代化了吗？或许可以研究配方，制造你们自己的高品质巧克力；荷兰和比利时制造巧克力已经有几百年了，你觉得他们会分享他们的知识产权，并且交出他们的生可可生产技巧和配方吗？我觉得对那些无知的人解释事情很困难，因为无知是福。
Good to see progress is being made for the Ghanaian farmers.
很高兴看到加纳农民正在取得进展。
buy from them not just empty words
从他们那里购买巧克力，而不是只说空话。
Farmers are not the same as industrialists having a local buyers doesnt mean they will get more money for the cocoa. Its progress for the country though.
农民和实业家不一样，有本地买家并不意味着他们可以从可可上赚到更多的钱。但对于这个国家而言是进步。
@J P those "empty words" may persuade someone else to buy them
@J P 这些“空话”可能会说服别人购买它们。
@J P It's literally just a comment.
@J P 那只是一句评论。
Repent to Jesus Christ
“Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways submit to him, and he will make your paths straight.”
向耶稣基督忏悔：
"你要专心仰赖耶和华，不可倚靠自己的聪明；在你一切所行的事上，都要听从他，他必修直你的路。”
This is simply how first stage raw products are valued. My family does commercial cow/calf cattle. Being the first stage, we hardly see the profit from the ridiculous cost of beef today in the USA. Calf sale prices on my end have stayed stagnant. The slaughter houses receive 90% of the profit from the life of the cow.
第一阶段的原始产品就是这样定价。我们家生产商用牛/小牛。作为第一阶段，我们很难从今天美国荒谬的牛肉价格中取得利润。我这边的小牛销售价格一直停滞不前。而屠宰场拿走了这些牛90%的利润。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
在不同的行业看到同样的问题是非常有趣的。制造者承担着最大的风险，而最后阶段却能赚到最多的钱。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
slaugther houses are an oligopoly
屠宰场是寡头垄断。
As usual the middleman is the one taking all the prophets
中间商一如既往的赚走了所有利润。
@The Spice Melange As he originally stated, the producer is the one that has the most Capital invested and the one who takes the most risk gets the highest pay off.
@The Spice Melange 正如他最初所说的，生产者投入的资本最多，而承担的风险最大，得到的回报也最高。
@Deus Coromat yeah but without the raw materials they wouldn't have anything to bargain with everything's a risk
@Deus Coromat 是的，但是如果没有原材料，他们就没有东西可以讨价还价了，一切都是风险。
The difference here is these folks are living in poverty while being the lifeblood of a $100+ billion industry
不同的是，这些人生活在贫困中，却又是价值1000多亿美元产业的命脉。
Yes the same thing with oil and gas from Russia...
是的，俄罗斯的石油和天然气也是如此……
@The Spice Melange You can't just say everything's a risk and dismiss who accepts the most risk. That's like saying banks shouldn't charge interest on business loans because the company May Fail. The entire business world is structured based on risk. To do it any other way would not be efficient.
@The Spice Melange 你不能只说一切都有风险，而无视谁承担的风险最大。这就好比说，因为公司可能会倒闭，所以银行不应该对商业贷款收取利息。整个商业世界是建立在风险的基础上的。用其他方法来做是没有效率的。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
@Eevanova no oil gives a good amount to the producers. And so does cattle. Milk and meat provide good amount to the producer. Actually for milk the middleman gets nothing
@Eevanova 不，石油的生产国利润丰厚。养牛的也是。生产者从牛奶和肉类中赚了很大一部分。实际上对牛奶来说，中间商一无所获。
More power to the Ghanaians! I hope you can start your own dairy and sugar industries right there in Ghana. Much love from India.
加纳人万岁! 我希望你们加纳可以开始自己的奶制品和制糖工业。来自印度的爱。
Excellent documentary... I wish you had talked also about other barriers like the trade tariffs on exported chocolate, the absence of farmer voices in cocoa/chocolate policy, and the continued failure of most company measures to address poverty. I'll use this video in my undergrad geography class I'm teaching in the North West US.
优秀的纪录片……我希望你也能谈到其他壁垒，比如出口巧克力的贸易关税，农民在可可/巧克力政策中缺乏声音，以及大多数公司解决贫困问题的措施持续失败。我将把这段视频用在我在美国西北部教的本科地理课上。
Farmer voices? Their voice is their prices. If they want to fight back they need to organize
农民的声音？他们的声音就是他们的身价。如果他们想要反击，就需要组织起来。
Niche's chocolate processing facility looks fantastic. I am a little bit surprised but very happy to see state-of-the-art labs and factories like this built and owned by Ghanaians. This looks like something in a fully developed country. The facility looks very clean and I would trust the safety of products made here. The Ghana government is doing a great job helping this industry become established. I'm looking forward to seeing real Ghana-made chocolate available in stores in the USA, like how we import European chocolate.
利基的巧克力加工设备看起来棒极了。我有点惊讶，但很高兴看到加纳人建造和拥有像这样的最先进的实验室和工厂。这看起来像是一个完全发达的国家。工厂看起来很干净，我相信这里生产的产品是安全的。加纳政府在帮助这个行业站稳脚跟方面做得很好。我期待在美国的商店里看到真正的加纳巧克力，就像我们进口欧洲巧克力一样。
The best thing the government can do is STOP exporting raw cocoa and make those companies produce in Ghana or Ivory coast. If they don't have raw materials, they will move those companies to where raw materials are. It will be painful for a year or so but the long run benefits will be substantial.
政府能做的最好的事情就是停止出口生可可，让这些公司在加纳或象牙海岸生产。如果他们没有原材料，他们就会把这些公司搬到有原材料的地方。将会有一年左右的痛苦阶段，但长期利益将是巨大的。
@wakereu Sorry but I disagree with that. I think the best thing Ghana’s government can do is what they are doing: investing in startup local chocolate manufacturing while continuing to allow exports to foreign chocolate manufacturers.
@wakereu 对不起，我不同意这一点。我认为加纳政府能做的最好的事情就是他们正在做的事情：投资本地巧克力生产，同时继续允许向外国巧克力制造商出口。
我认为没有必要采取高压手段来迫使外国公司做任何事情。他们可以在支持本地创业的同时，与外国人保持友好关系。友好贸易是互惠互利的，而且不会破坏长期的贸易关系，这可以确保可可农继续有稳定的收入。
从长远来看，更多的可可加工商意味着更多的可可竞争，这意味着可可农民的工资更高。
一旦加纳本土的制造业足够大，如果发生可可短缺，本地用户和出口都不够，加纳如果想要为自己的可可制造商制造更大的竞争优势，甚至可以对生可可的出口增加关水，或者对本地可可生产进行补贴。理想情况下，加纳可以增加可可种植，以满足当地和外国买家日益增长的需求，这将意味着农民赚更多的钱，加纳的农场也会更加兴旺。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
我们应该始终寻找一种选择，让我们拥有尽可能多的盟友，并相互受益。强迫一家公司搬迁会造成敌意，伤害关系。搬迁所有设备的成本也会很高，而且会损害欧洲加工商的员工，如果公司搬迁，他们将失去工作。如果加纳的贸易政策过于严厉，欧洲人也会做出消极反应，甚至可能提高进口税，阻止加纳生产巧克力。树敌会伤害所有人。
@wakereu What about the farmers who already live under the poverty line? Those companies can survive until they find new exporters. Farmers simply can't.
@wakereu 那些已经生活在贫困线以下的农民怎么办? 这些公司可以在找到新的出口商之前生存下来。但农民活不下来。
@Gastón Frenkel my friend, change is painful and for it to make reasonable impact, you have to pull the plug. Those farmers have survived on menial pay for their produce for a long time. Trust me if they pull the plug, those companies will come to the table with a better price.
@Gastón Frenkel 我的朋友，改变是痛苦的，为了产生合理的影响力，你必须中止业务。长期以来，那些农民靠微薄的工资维持生产。相信我，如果他们中止业务，那些公司会带着更好的价格前来谈判。
Developing countries have to increase trade among themselves.
发展中国家必须增加彼此之间的贸易。
structural adjustment essentially prevents them from any such arrangements
结构调整基本上可以防止他们出任何这类安排。
You know, I noticed that everyone have an opinion on what those countries should or shouldn't do :) I have this opinion as well, however, I'm not educated enough about Ghana politics to try and make suggestions. That might be not that simple.
你知道，我注意到每个人对这些国家应该做什么或不应该做什么都有自己的看法。我也有这种看法，不过，我对加纳政治的了解还不够，无法提出建议。情况可能没那么简单。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
What are you really saying?
Anyway, what should be done is:
Increase the ease of running a business.
Sell more high quality finished products.
Remove tariffs.
你到底想说什么?
无论如何，我们应该做的是:
提高经营企业的便利性。
销售更多高质量的成品。
取消关税。
This is true. Developing countries need to build relationship with each other.
这是正确的。发展中国家需要相互建立关系。
What do you mean developing countries? These people are being robbed, by other underdeveloped countries, who got rich
你说的发展中国家是什么意思? 这些人被其他不发达国家掠夺，后者变富了。
@Rain Fall can’t you see what happened
@Rain Fall 你没看到发生了什么吗？
Africa with Asia can make it.
非洲和亚洲携手就可以做到。
look up dependancy theory
看看依赖理论。
As a Ghanian living in America, I really appreciate this detailed, and informative video to spread awareness on hard working West african Farmers
作为一个生活在美国的加纳人，我真的很欣赏这段详细而又翔实的影片，它让人们认识到努力工作的西非农民。
Stop the digital black face. You're not from Ghana
别在网上假装黑人（“数字黑人脸”）了。你并不是来自加纳。
@Tu51ndBl4d3 I'm literally ghanaian what are you on about?
@Tu51ndBl4d3 我是加纳人，你在说什么?
@Tu51ndBl4d3 This isn't the type of comment that would be made under the guise of digital blackface. There is no political motivation behind it, no excusing of racists, nothing of the sort. It seems like you've just learned this term and are eager to use it, no matter how inappropriate its application is... or you're a troll trying to stir up tension in the comment section. It's weird behaviour regardless, bruv.
@Tu51ndBl4d3 这并不是那种打着“数字黑人脸”幌子的评论。这背后没有任何政治动机，没有种族主义者的借口，什么都没有。看起来你刚学会这个术语，而且很想使用它，不管它的应用有多不恰当……或者你是一个试图在评论区挑起紧张气氛的喷子。不管怎样，这都是很奇怪的行为，兄弟。
The video is still western propaganda.
这段视频仍然是西方的宣传。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
You should invest in your people and resources... From Bangladesh
你们应该投资于你们的人民和资源……自孟加拉国。
As a Ghanaian in America, I'm so inspired by these change makers. My grandfather is cocoa farmer so this issue is very close to my heart. I can't wait to go home and help make changes in my own way.
作为一个生活在美国的加纳人，我被这些变革者所激励。我的祖父是种植可可豆的农民，所以这个问题非常贴近我的心。我迫不及待地想回家，用我自己的方式做出改变。
Move to ghana and make change happen
搬到加纳去，让改变发生。
what chages? making roads close to the trees? make some machine for crak opening choko? make some openable bags ?
什么改变？把路修到可可林附近？制造一些开可可果的机器？制造一些易拉袋？
The way the farmer thinks is really admirable, not selfish.
Good luck, sir.
Wish you all the best.
In case, i see an African made choc somewhere, I'll surely grab 1 or maybe some to support the farmers.
这位农民的想法确实令人钦佩，并不自私。
祝你好运,先生。
祝你一切顺利。
如果我在某个地方看到非洲产的巧克力，我肯定会买一块或者一些来支持这些农民。
Go Ghana chocolate makers!!!! I am sure you guys will figure it out. It always warms my heart to see people with courage to say enough of those billionaires raking up our money on depend of millions of people basic living. Don't we all want our coco farmers to have a decent living and a little money to travel and see the world?
加油，加纳的巧克力制造商!!!!我相信你们会搞定的。亿万富翁从数百万人赖以维持基本生存的地方榨取钱财，看到有人鼓足勇气说受够了这种情况，总是让我内心温暖。难道我们不希望那些可可农民过上体面的生活，并有一点钱去旅行和看看世界吗?
@john smith Well... Ghana is an independent democracy... But no I don't want the 'west' to bring freedom and democracy. I just dream of a world that is more equal diverse and thriving. But you look like a troll with your fake name and bad rhetoric so have a good day sir.
@john smith 嗯……加纳是一个独立的民主国家……但不，我不希望“西方”带来自由和民主。我只是梦想一个更平等，更多样化，更繁荣的世界。但你的假名和糟糕的言辞让你看起来像个喷子，所以祝你愉快，先生。
yes we also need to buy from them
是的，我们也需要从他们那里购买东西。
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@Marc-André Audet They can raise their prices and I will buy less chocolate. Win WIN.
@Marc-André Audet 他们可以提价，我会少买点巧克力。双赢。
@Putin Believes in Climate Change Well if you have no negotiating leverage raising the price is very hard on established market. This is why people freak out every time the price of gas goes up. The opep always needs a good reason with alot of PR in order to avoid anarchy.
@Putin Believes in Climate Change 如果你没有谈判筹码，在市场上提价是很困难的。这就是为什么每次油价上涨的时候人们都会惊慌失措的原因。为了避免混乱，opep总是需要一个好的理由和大量的公关。
They have been independent since the 50s. Nobody is keeping them down but themselves.
他们从50年代开始就独立了。除了他们自己，没人能压制他们。
For the rich to remain rich, the rest have to remain poor. There is no such thing as everyone can be rich. Economics does not work that way.
富人要想继续富有，其他人就得继续贫穷。世上没有人人都能发财的事。经济学不是这个道理。
We should take advantage of the AfCFTA. Ghana doesn't have a robust dairy industry but Rwanda's is shaping up pretty well. As individual countries, we may lack the resources necessary but as a continent, we have all these things and that is where the largest free trade area comes into play and does its magic.
我们应该利用AfCFTA（非洲大陆自由贸易区）。加纳的乳业并不发达，但卢旺达的乳业发展得相当不错。作为单个国家，我们可能缺乏必要的资源，但作为一个大陆，我们拥有所有这些东西，这就是最大的自由贸易区发挥作用并发挥其魔力的地方。
Africa will become a real power house when they get the trade going properly for sure and new industies will start up like chocolate factorys, car factorys and such.
当非洲让贸易正常进行时，新的工业将会启动，比如巧克力工厂，汽车工厂等等，那时非洲将成为一个真正的强国。
Rwanda to Ghana is more than 3000 kilometers... You would have to use powdered milk and then transport it through the DRC; a notoriously unstable region.
卢旺达到加纳有3000多公里……所以必须使用奶粉，然后通过刚果民主共和国运输；而这是一个臭名昭著的不稳定地区。
@Sedna063 for chocolate u use powdred milk anyway otherwise the chocolate will be too soft in the end and it will go bad because of the fresh milk even the Industry in europe and us only uses milk powder for chocolate
@Sedna063 巧克力无论如何都要用奶粉，否则最后巧克力会太软，而且因为新鲜的牛奶会导致变质，甚至欧洲和美国的工业都只用奶粉做巧克力。
@Lucas Pehkonen that is wishful thinking my naive little African brother
@Lucas Pehkonen 这是一厢情愿，我天真的非洲小弟弟。
@WhiteHaWk I'm not African. Yes there is a bit to much corruption in some parts also. But just this trade deal does so much
@WhiteHaWk 我不是非洲人。是的，有些地方也有很多腐败。但单单是这项贸易协定就已经发挥了很大的作用。
@Lucas Pehkonen that will literally never happen. If that were the case nitters wouldn't be flooding europe still.
@Lucas Pehkonen 这绝对不会发生。如果是这样的话，nitter（倪哥们）就不会继续充斥欧洲了。
@Critical Don't know what nitters is and can't find anything when googeling it. what do you mean?
@Critical 不知道nitter是什么意思，也谷歌不到。你什么意思？
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As an Aztec descended I’m happy to know cocoa growing countries are fighting to get a bigger share
作为一个阿兹特克人的后裔，我很高兴知道可可种植国正在争取更大的份额。
I wish "Fairafric" & other locally-produced chocolate bars of similar quality would be available in Asia soon. Would totally buy these over the corporate versions.
我希望“Fairafric”和其他本地生产的类似质量的巧克力棒能很快在亚洲上市。绝对会买这些而不是跨国公司生产的。
do they even grow cacao in Asia to an extent where it can be locally sourced and produced?
亚洲种植的可可豆能达到当地采购和生产的程度吗?
@Alekillo10 yes, countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia produce a lot of cacao. However, production still needs to be ramped up.
@Alekillo10 是的，菲律宾、印度尼西亚和马来西亚等国家生产了大量的可可。然而，产量仍然需要提高。
@A. Luna If that is the case, then what needs to be ramped up is the production of the chocolate bars.
@A. Luna 如果是这样的话，那么需要增加的是巧克力棒的产量。
Asian production is so miniscule.
亚洲的产量微乎其微。
@Alekillo10 yes. There are people doing this in Singapore (FOSSA chocolate) in Vietnam (Marou chocolate) and in Taiwan (Fu Wan Chocolate) to name a few. Award winning high quality craft chocolate.
@Alekillo10 是的。新加坡(FOSSA巧克力)、越南(Marou巧克力)和台湾(福湾巧克力)都有人制作巧克力。这些都是获奖的高质量手工巧克力。
@A. Luna Lots of high-quality craft chocolate makers use Filipino cacao and produce in the Philipines
@A. Luna 许多高质量的手工巧克力制造商使用菲律宾可可，并在菲律宾生产。
@A. Luna Nestle uses Philippines cocoa
@A. Luna 雀巢使用菲律宾可可。
I feel that exporting dry beans to countries with access to fresh milk sounds safer than importing milk to site of cocoa tree
我觉得出口干豆到有新鲜牛奶的国家听起来比进口牛奶到种植可可树的地方更安全。
We have to find ways to be self-reliant. Creating jobs within the continent and employing our people. We have all the raw materials, let us learn to keep the money at home.
我们必须找到自力更生的方法。在非洲大陆创造就业机会，雇用我们的人民。我们拥有所有的原材料，我们要学会把钱留在本国。