reddit问答：普通美国人是如何负担生活开支的?（part 1）
How can Americans afford to live?
译文简介
普通美国人原来过的也很惨啊？我为什么要说“也”呢？
正文翻译
I see min wage is so low and rent is so high. I really don’t understand. Anyone care to explain?
我发现美国的最低工资这么低，房租却这么高。我真的不明白。有人想解释一下吗?
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Lots of people rooming together. Kids living at home with their parents.
很多人合住。而且孩子和他们的父母住在一起。
Yeah. Room mates are huge.
Just about everyone I know who isn’t married or living with a significant other is living with a roommate or many.
是的。很多人合住。
几乎我认识的所有未婚或同居的人都和一个或很多个室友住在一起。
I'm married, and we still have a roommate. No way we could ever afford a house.
我结婚了，我们还有个室友。我们绝对买不起房子。
Same. My wife and I can't even begin to imagine owning a home. My parents had one when they were in their mid 20s with 4 kids. Dont even get me started on the concept of having enough money to support another human.
相同。我和我妻子甚至无法想象拥有一所房子。我父母是二十五六岁的时候买得到一所房子的，当时他们有四个孩子。而我甚至不敢想象如何才能赚到足够的钱来养育另一个人。
We have a foster daughter and the amount of support the state provides (that we wouldn't qualify for due to our income) made us realize that we couldn't afford to do the pregnancy thing. Daycare is insanely expensive, would take almost 100% of my husband's salary. We currently have a 1+den, and with the entire loss of his income, we would have to downsize to a studio! We're just grateful that we'll continue to receive her benefits after the adoption. Children shouldn't have to be traumatized in order for the government to ensure their right to survive.
我们有一个养女，国家提供的那些支持(由于我们的收入，我们没有资格申请)让我们意识到，我们负担不起怀孕这件事。日托贵得离谱，几乎要花去我丈夫100%的工资。我们现在有一个1+（？）的工作室，随着他失去全部收入，我们将不得不缩小到一个工作室!在收养了养女后，我们还能继续享受她的福利，我们对此很感激。孩子们不应该因为需要依靠政府来确保他们的生存权利而受到创伤。
My mom and dad got a house when I was born they where 22 for $100,000 with 2$0k deposit that my grandfathergave them. They split up when I was 2 and my dad signed the house over to my mom, my mom worked a minimum wage job with 2 kids and a mortgage for 30 years to get her house free hold. It blows my mind how she managed to do that.
For note tho that same house would need $100,000 deposit just for the mortgage now, it's in way worse condition and "should probably be pulled down" (my mom's words) but the just the lot is worth over $600,000
我出生的时候，我父母买了一栋房子，那座房子要价10万美元，2万美元的预付款是我祖父给他们的。我两岁的时候，他们离婚了，我爸爸把房子签给了我妈妈，我妈妈从事着最低工资的工作，养着两个孩子，还要还30年的按揭，才能自由的掌控那座房子。我无法想象她是怎么做到的。
值得注意的是，现在那所房子需要10万美元的预付款，而且它现在的状况要糟糕得多，“可能应该拆掉了”(我妈妈的话)，但仅仅是这块地就值60多万美元。
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I grew up in a rural town in the Midwest. I did not know anyone who rented their house. Everyone owned. I mean like my friends families all owned their modest little homes..
我在中西部的一个农村小镇长大。我不认识有谁是租房子住的。每个人都有房子。我的意思是，比如我的朋友家都有自己体面的小房子。
高中毕业后，我搬走了，几年后我又回去看望我的朋友。她当时是必胜客的经理助理，还买了一栋房子。她的工资是每月300美元。当时是20世纪80年代后期，而且当时这种情况很常见。
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Same. We have a roommate in "my" house, after my first wife died, in order to keep the house, they moved in and paid rent until I started dating again and then eventually remarried. We still have them living here because we could t afford the house.
我也一样。我的第一任妻子去世后，有一个室友住在“我的”房子里，为了保住房子，他们搬了进来并付房租，直到我重新开始约会并最终再婚。因为我们负担不起那座房子，所以他们还住在这里。
我妻子有一所她前一段婚姻留下的房子(她也是一个寡妇)，有5个人住在那里:她的女儿，一对年轻的同性恋夫妇(跟家人朋友的朋友结婚了)，还有一对曾经无家可归的夫妇。他们的房租很低，因为他们都是做零售的，所以他们负担不起太高的房租，但他们五个人加在一起就能支付那里的税费和水电费。我们本可以卖掉房子赚一大笔钱，但那样的话，那五个体面的人就没有地方住了。
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我不知道年轻一代将如何度过这种难关。我为他们感到害怕。我儿子和一个高中朋友及其家人住在一起，帮助那个人照顾他年迈的父母。
I'm divorced with two kids and have a roommate it works although it was hard to find a rental big enough for us all but we found a sweet spot we can barely afford. I work a lot and don't spend much. I have some things I budget for
我离婚了，有两个孩子，还有一个室友。虽然很难找到一个足够大的出租房，但我们找到了一个我们勉强负担得起的好地方。我卖力工作，花钱不多。我有一些预算。
Also adults living with parents and being stuck in abusive relationships because you can afford to get out
还有成年人和父母住在一起，在虐待关系中无法自拔，因为他们承担不起出去住的代价。
i had both of these last year
这两种情况我去年都有。
I know a young lady in this situation..
我认识一位年轻的女士处于这种状况……
她的父母有如秃鹫和吸血水蛭。他们不工作，整天坐在家里抽烟喝酒。她得付所有的账单，所有的一切，包括他们的坏习惯。她严重被洗脑了，认为她不能有银行账户，也不能管理自己的钱。所以她父母拿走了她所有的钱。
嗯，好消息是，她遇到了我和我的一些朋友，我们告诉她，这种情况是不正常，她需要离开那里。而她则更进一步。她在偏远地区给他们买了一间很便宜的小房子，然后把他们送到那里，并给他们的银行账户开了个秘密账户，一直给他们转账。她打算在22岁的时候把他们从她的生活中赶出去，并且从头再来。我们已经尽力帮助她了，但我们这里的人口结构已经崩溃了。
Just turned 25 and still with the parents. Housing prices are through the roof; it’s not rare to see houses double and triple their value in my area. Even foreclosures and mobile homes are obscenely expensive. These past 2-3 years have been literally the worst time in decades to buy a house. It’s gotten to the point where I’m hoping for an economic crash to afford anything.
我刚满25岁，还跟父母在一起。房价飞涨；在我所在的地区，房价涨到原来的两倍或三倍的情况并不罕见。就连抵押赎回房和拖车房也贵得令人发指。过去的2-3年可以说是几十年来买房最糟糕的时期。已经到了我希望经济崩溃的地步，只有这样我才能买得起房子。
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很难保持希望。我并不羞于承认，我嫉妒我的父母和祖父母能够以现在四分之一的价格购买或建造房子。我们的美国梦在哪里?千禧一代和Z一代?
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Yup. Unfortunately, most people are living to work instead of working to live.
是的。不幸的是，大多数人活着就是为了工作，而不是为了生活而工作。
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They orchestrated it to be like that. I don't understand why waiters have to beg for tips when they should be getting paid by their employers.
这种状况是他们精心策划的。我不明白为什么服务员应该由雇主支付工资，却还要乞求小费。
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而零售工人工作的如此辛苦，却拿着垃圾一样的工资。
You live on welfare til you make just enough not to be on welfare so you instantly go into credit debt that some how equals the exact same as your welfare you were getting. From there you get medical bills that also somehow manage to be exactly the amount of credit that you have to your name, like they ran your credit before send you a bill..
人们靠福利生活，直到挣的钱刚好够不用靠福利生活，然后马上就会陷入信用债务，这种生活在某种程度上跟福利生活差不多。在这样的生活中，人们收到的医疗账单也莫名其妙的与其名下的信用额度一模一样，就像他们在给你发账单之前核查过你的信用额度一样。
这是我多年来的一个理论，而且非常准确。福利、信贷和医疗体系紧密联系在一起，奴役着美国人民。
I had a scare and ended up in the emergency room. The bill was about $2k. I had to call and request a form to fill out to reduce the bill. Before it even came in the mail, my credit card company uped my credit limit without me asking.. seemed suspish.
曾经我受到惊吓，结果进了急诊室。账单大约是2000美元。我不得不打电话，要求填写一张表格来减少账单。在我收到邮递账单之前，我的信用卡公司就在我不知情的情况下提高了我的信用额度……似乎很可疑。
this is it.
就是这样。
Currently about 10k in debt for just living expenses. Hoping to catch up with income tax refund then start the miserable cycle again
仅仅为了满足生活开销，我目前就承担着大约1万美元的债务。希望赶上所得税退税，然后又开始同一个悲惨的循环。
I feel like this doesn't get talked about nearly enough. The number of Americans who are only being kept afloat due to easily accessible debt is mind boggling. Many Americans who may seem like they're doing ok, and who have "decent" jobs, are really just drowning in debt. I'm convinced that propping up most of the middle class with debt is the only reason the entire house of cards hasn't yet come crashing down.
我觉得这个话题谈论得还远远不够。有些美国人仅仅是因为债很容易借到带周转的开，这种人多到令人难以置信。许多美国人看起来过得不错，有一份“体面”的工作，但实际上却深陷债务之中。我确信，用债务支撑大多数中产阶级是整个纸牌屋还没有倒塌的唯一原因。
I have lawyer friends that all drive 10+ year subcompacts. They make more money than me, at least double, but have massive debt, some took out 10x the student loans I did, which they can’t bankrupt on.
我有一些律师朋友都开车龄10年以上的微型汽车。他们赚的钱比我多，至少是两倍，但他们有大量的债务，有些人的学生贷款是我的10倍，他们不能因此破产。
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我社交圈里的医学博士们也是如此，尽管他们的收入往往比律师还多，但如果由于某种原因，导致他们停止工作超过几个月，他们的整个生活就会被债务压垮。
I have a lawyer friend who was living in a tiny apartment with 2 other guys 5 years out of college and several years of being a lawyer. I asked him why, he said his student loan payments were $1,500 a month. Keep in mind, the repayment period is usually 10-15 years.
我有一个律师朋友，他和另外两个男人住在一个小公寓里，大学毕业5年，做了几年律师。我问他为什么，他说他每月还1500美元的学生贷款。请记住，偿还期通常是10-15年。
Also people hear “lawyer” and think they’re all making 100k out of law school. That is extremely rare, and all but impossible outside of cities. Took me seven years to hit six digits. I still consider myself luckier than most
人们听到“律师”这个词就以为他们从法学院毕业就能挣到10万。这是极其罕见的，在城市之外几乎不可能。我花了七年时间才达到六位数。我仍然认为自己比大多数人都幸运
I am a lawyer but I don’t practice. People don’t understand public defenders make like 45k out of law school. It isn’t what folks seem to think. I make more than PDs doing admin work. Which is much easier!!!
我是律师，但我不执业。人们不明白从法学院毕业的公设辩护律师只能赚四万五千。情况似乎不是人们想的那样。我比做行政工作的警察挣得多。这份工作更容易!!
2 jobs, roommate, no kids, being in a relationship for financial reasons, not investing in self (education, health, retirement) is how a lot of Americans afford to survive. I’m not sure about the ones actually living, I haven’t gotten to do that yet.
两份工作，室友，没有孩子，因为经济原因而处关系，不为自己投资(教育，健康，退休)，这就是很多美国人生存的方式。我不确定那些真正生活的人是什么样的，但我还没有达到那个水平。
Oh yea my retirement plan is probably won’t live that long anyway
哦，是的，我的退休计划是“我可能活不了那么久”。
its why i never paid a cent towards my student loans, live in a state w/o wage garnishment so the only negatives were no SS/medicare, like cool story bro I've seen the numbers, both will be bankrupt way before I'm eligible to collect, so get bent uncle sam.
这就是为什么我从来没有为我的学生贷款还过一分钱，我住在一个没有工资补贴的州，所以唯一的缺点就是没有社保和医保，是不是很酷？我看到过贷款数字，在我有资格赚钱之前，这两者都将破产，所以山姆大叔完蛋吧。
I'm not an expert, but from Wikipedia:
At present four U.S. states—Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas—do not allow wage garnishment at all except for tax-related debt, child support, federally guaranteed student loans, and court-ordered fines or restitution.
我不是专家，但一下内容来自维基百科:
目前，美国有四个州——宾夕法尼亚、北卡罗来纳、南卡罗莱纳和德克萨斯——除了与税收相关的债务、子女抚养、联邦担保的学生贷款、法院下令的罚款或赔偿外，根本不允许工资补贴。
I mostly want a relationship for financial reasons ??
我主要是出于经济原因才想跟人处关系的。
Even love is forced to be a commodity in this hellscape
在这个地狱般的世界里，爱情也被迫成为一种商品。
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Conservatives talk about the death of the family yada yada yada yet are curiously silent about the commodification of relationships
保守派谈论家庭的死亡等等等等，但奇怪的是，他们对人际关系的商品化却保持沉默。
Same here. It’s awful. He doesn’t have a job and I carry the responsibility for the whole house. I can’t leave him because I can’t afford to pay him out and support him. Which would be a legal requirement.
我也一样。很糟糕。他没有工作，而我要承担起整个家的责任。我不能离开他，因为我付不起让他出户并赡养他的钱。这是法律要求。
The saddest part: "...being in a relationship for financial reasons."
It's not supposed to be like this, people. We all can change it if we collectively put our foot down. There was a glimmer of hope a decade ago when we started to protest Wall Street. That was inexplicably squashed and we now seem to prioritize social issues more than anything. Sorry, but, the standard of living is a big social issue, in my opinion.
最悲伤的部分:“……因为经济原因处关系。”
不应该是这样的，各位。如果我们齐心协力，我们都能改变它。十年前，当我们开始抗议华尔街时，我们看到了一线希望。但那件事令人费解地被镇压下去了，而我们现在似乎把社会问题看得比什么都重要。对不起，但是，在我看来，生活水平是一个很大的社会问题。
A big part of it is debt spending and slowly letting our bodies deteriorate to the point of nonfunctionality
其中很大一部分是债务支出，慢慢地让我们的身体恶化到无法运转的地步。
Yes. Source: haven’t been able to afford going to the doctor in many years now.
是的。来源:多年来我一直没钱去看医生。
Just gotta keep driving even though my body’s check engine light has been on for ages.
把我的身体比作一辆车，就算它的引擎检查灯已经亮了很多年，我也要继续开下去。
Roommates and credit card debt
合住和卡债。
Cuz I have thirty thousand dollars in credit card debt, when they call I tell them I can’t pay it back yet??
因为我有3万美元的卡债，当他们打电话给我的时候，我告诉他们我还不能还钱。
Shrug, we all die and money is fake.
耸耸肩，我们都会死去，金钱都是虚妄。
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here for the memes
my fav: the world is in debt X trillion dollars. Who do we owe all that money too? the decepticons?
现在该玩梗了：
我最喜欢的梗：全世界负债X万亿美元。这么多钱我们是欠谁的？霸天虎吗？
If A borrows €50 from B, and B borrows €50 from C, and C borrows €50 from A, everyone ends up the same, only with a collective €150 debt.
如果A从B那里借了50欧元，B从C那里借了50欧元，C从A那里借了50欧元，最后每个人都一样，只是债务总额成了150欧元。
债务并不重要。利息总额很重要。如果A、B和C每年都以10%的利率借款，他们需要创造15欧元的新价值。如果他们做不到，他们将需要在之后的一年创造更多的新价值。利息是这个体系崩溃的地方。
credit card debt is the one…. boy do I regret it now
信用卡债务是罪魁祸首……哎，我现在后悔了。
Same....
我也是……
We literally have a million homeless people and another million in jails & prisons. In some U.S. states 1% of the adult population is jailed or imprisoned at any given time. The reason COVID is destroying the U.S. labor market is because millions of U.S. adults had fragile jobs or living situations that collapsed when one person in their job or home life became disabled.
美国实际上有100万无家可归的人，还有100万人在监狱里。在美国的一些州，1%的成年人口在随时在坐牢。新冠疫情正在摧毁美国劳动力市场的原因在于，当一个人的工作或家庭生活变得残疾时，数百万美国成年人的工作或生活状况都将变得脆弱。
简而言之，美国人负担不起任何合理的生活标准。
Double those numbers fam. We HAD half a million homeless pre-pandemic, just about. 2.2 million prisoners. Don't forget the 8-10 million on subsidized housing who wouldn't have homes if forced to pay the market rate for their dwellings.
请把那些数字乘以二。疫情之前美国有50万无家可归者，“只有”大约220万犯人。别忘了还有800万到1000万的人依靠补贴维持住房，如果他们被迫按市场价格购买他们的住房，他们就没有房子了。
所以美国有将近1200万无家可归者或接近无家可归者，加上被监禁的人。当你这么看待这件事，就会发现情况很恐怖。
I mean if we’re talking about nearly homeless, roughly half of all Americans live paycheck to paycheck with less than $1000 in savings. I’ll let you do the math because that’s just a bit too depressing for me to want to know
我的意思是，如果我们说的是几乎要无家可归的人，那么大约有一半的美国人的积蓄都不到1000美元。这个算术题我还是留给你吧，因为这对我来说太压抑了，我不想知道答案。
My boyfriend and I have been trying to build a savings for about a year and we have $0 and can barely afford food. We live paycheck to paycheck and if we couldn’t live with his mom we’d be homeless
我和我男朋友一年多来一直试图攒钱，但我们一美元都没有攒下来，几乎买不起食物。我们过着月光生活，如果我们不能和他妈妈住在一起，我们就无家可归了。
Do you qualify for food stamps?
你有资格领取食品券吗?
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I honestly don’t know but my boyfriend was going to talk to his mom about it. The process is super annoying and we would probably have to list his mom and brother in the household even tho our finances are separate and I already know the conversation with her isn’t gonna go well. When I was looking for remote work she said it was taking the easy way out. So we’re not exactly looking forward to that conversation but we’re desperate
我真的不知道，但我男朋友打算跟他妈妈说这件事。申请的程序超级烦人，我们可能不得不把他的妈妈和弟弟列为家人，尽管大家的财务状况是分开的，我已经知道和她的这个谈话不会很顺利。当我在寻找远程工作时，她说这是一种轻松的方式。所以我们不是很期待这样的对话，但我们很绝望。
The process is intentionally annoying to stop you from doing it
申请程序就是故意弄的烦人，这样就能阻止你去申请。
I technically qualify as a full time college student but when I apply they send me a form saying that I need to find a full time job before I qualify. I’m assuming it’s because I have a kid. My childless sister, who is also a full time college student gets approved for them.
我有资格成为一名全职大学生，但当我申请时，他们给我发了一份表格，说我需要找到一份全职工作才能成为一名全职大学生。我猜是因为我有个孩子吧。我的姐姐没有孩子，也是一名全日制大学生，得到了他们的批准。
这非常令人沮丧，我作为一个单身母亲，难道不应该接受教育，并且养活自己的女儿吗?
Literally no. You’re not. You’re supposed to slave away doing menial work for 7.50 an hour while still trying to study and educate yourself at a full time course load.
其实不应该。你不是。你应该做着每小时7.5美元的卑贱工作，同时还要在全日制课程中学习和教育自己。
就好像他们不想让你接受教育，这样你就能找到体面的工作，照顾好自己和家人。
事实上，有些州甚至不允许刚刚大学录取就领取食品券。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
We can't
我们不能。
编辑：更多信息。
我住在大学城。当我5年前搬到这里的时候，租了一套一室一厅650平方英尺（约60平方米）的公寓，租金1375美元。他们随意的把房租提高到1500美元。没有任何维修、翻新或升级，我也没有把这个地方搞得一团糟，因为当我搬走的时候(靠着研究生奖学金，我每月付不起1500美元)，我拿回了所有押金。我现在与另一个人合租一套850平方英尺（约80平方米）的公寓，每月租金共1800美元。我的四个兄弟姐妹中有三个住在家里，他们每个人都打两份工，但不足以让他们离开我父母的家。有一个妹妹，她的丈夫和儿子和我的父母住在一起。我们都非常痛苦，挣扎着要把头露出水面，但我们知道这是毫无意义的挣扎，因为我们永远无法完全跳出这个水潭。我保证，三十年后我会在一间租来的公寓里喝得烂醉如泥，我会把50%的收入都花在喝酒上。我70岁的室友会发现我的尸体，而我的家人将为拉我的救护车支付50万美元。
You stopped before you got to funeral costs!
你还没说丧葬费呢！
If you donate your body to science then you don’t have to pay. That’s my plan anyway they can tear my shit up after I’m dead
如果你把你的遗体捐献给科学研究，那么你就不用付钱了。这就是我的计划，反正我死后，他们会把我的尸体撕成碎片的。