QA问答：为什么来自法国、德国、英国等欧洲国家的白人看起来与美国白人不同？
Why is it that white people from European countries like France, Germany, Great Britain, etc., tend to look different from American whites?
译文简介
网友：我不是在开玩笑，但在我在美国的这些年里，很多40多岁的美国女性看起来比英国或欧洲女性的嘴更大。我不知道为什么会这样，或者也许我错了。
正文翻译
Why is it that white people from European countries like France, Germany, Great Britain, etc., tend to look different from American whites?
为什么来自法国、德国、英国等欧洲国家的白人看起来与美国白人不同？
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I am not being facetious here, but during my many years in the USA, a large amount of American women in their 40’s appear to have larger mouths than comparable British or European women. I have no idea why this may be the case, or perhaps I am mistaken.
我不是在开玩笑，但在我在美国的这些年里，很多40多岁的美国女性看起来比英国或欧洲女性的嘴更大。我不知道为什么会这样，或者也许我错了。
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I saw the same physical characteristic in the Netherlands. It comes with larger teeth, and I have seen it in some Americans. You can see the genetic inheritance of their European forebears.
我在荷兰看到了同样的身体特征。他们的牙齿更大，我也在一些美国人身上看到过这种特征。你可以从他们身上看到他们欧洲祖先的遗传基因。
Really? Are there any studies about this? I have a small mouth (wish my lips were a little larger) and average size teeth according to my dentist. I have a very soft voice.
真的吗？有关于这方面的研究吗？据我的牙医说，我的嘴很小（希望我的嘴唇能再大一点），我的牙齿一般大小。我的声音很柔和。
I watched a show on PBS recently about how humans evolved their heads, mouths, and teeth. I think it was a new series called, “Human”. Interesting!
我最近在PBS看了一个关于人类如何进化他们的头、嘴和牙齿的节目。我记得是一部叫《人类》的新剧。很有趣！
Middle and upper income people in the US are very likely to have had orthodontic treatment. That might be part of it.
美国中高收入人群很有可能接受过牙齿矫正治疗，这可能是原因之一。
I’ve noticed that British people, at least, speak quieter and more from the throat. Americans speak louder and more ‘rounded in the mouth,’ so they open their mouths more.
我注意到英国人，至少，他们说话更安静，更多地从喉咙发声。美国人说话声音更大，“说话时嘴巴更圆”，所以他们嘴张开的更大。
I am not British and was born in the US as were at least the previous 6 generations. The women have soft voices, especially me. Their mouths are average with lips that are not full. As I got older (70), my lips got thinner. I barely open my mouth when I speak.
我不是英国人，和之前的几代人一样，我出生在美国。女人的声音都很温柔，尤其是我。他们的嘴巴很普通，嘴唇不丰满。随着年龄的增长（70岁），我的嘴唇变薄了。我说话的时候几乎不开口。
I spent a large part of my childhood devouring my parents’ “War books” (a nine volume history of WW2 comprising mostly newspaper cuttings and photos. I came to the conclusion that Americans (who appeared in many of the photos) had differently shaped faces to ours in England. I subsequently went to school in Scotland and came to a similar conclusion…the Scots appeared to have different facial shapes to the English.
The wider mouth? Yes I would tend to agree.
我童年的大部分时间都在啃父母的“战争书”（九卷二战历史，大部分是剪报和照片）。我得出的结论是，美国人（出现在许多照片中）的脸型与我们英国人不同。后来我在苏格兰上学，也得到了类似的结论。苏格兰人的面部形状似乎与英格兰人不同。
嘴巴更大吗？是的，我倾向于同意这个说法。
I think Loretta Swit has a beautiful mouth. I always wished I had full lips like hers. She is very pretty.
我觉得洛丽塔·斯威特的嘴很美，我一直希望自己有她那样的丰满嘴唇，她长的也很漂亮
Woman are ruining their faces, spending thousands of dollars for lips like that.
女人毁了她们的脸，花几千块做这样的嘴唇。
They end up looking like a baboons ass.
它们最后看起来像狒狒的屁股。
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Loretta Swit is stunning-- and of Polish descent.
洛丽塔·斯威特很迷人——而且是波兰裔的。
I suspect that it has something to do with American dental practices. Dentistry in the US has long been far more inclined toward the cosmetic than the maintenance based dentistry of Europe. Changing here now of course, my dentist's waiting room is plastered with advertisements trying to sell me treatments which purely appeal to vanity.
我怀疑这与美国的牙科治疗有关。美国的牙科长期以来更倾向于美容，而不是以维护为基础的欧洲牙科。当然现在要改变了，我的牙医候诊室贴满了广告，试图向我推销纯粹为了虚荣的治疗方法。
That depends on if your definition of “Europe” is the UK. I’ve noticed teeth are noticeably less straight in the U.K. (which is distinct from dental health, as you say).
这取决于你对“欧洲”的定义是不是英国。我注意到英国人的牙齿明显不那么整齐（正如你所说的，这与牙齿健康不同）。
Historically that’s not a bad thing, in the uk (and I’m guessing in Europe) “dentistry” grew out of another profession that had nothing to do with health care in the modern sense…
从历史上看，这不是一件坏事，在英国（我猜在欧洲），“牙科”起源于另一种职业，与现代意义上的医疗保健无关…
Americans lose their teeth, get dentures & half falsies (caps).
The UK has preventative dentistry. The teeth are the natural length.
美国人掉牙，他们戴假牙和半假牙。
英国有预防性牙科，牙齿是自然长度。
I'm aware that rich Americans don't have teeth. They're filed down into points, or extracted and replaced with metal tubes. Then children's teeth are put ontop. In this way the rich American has big teeth like young teenager.
It's very strange to me because people in the UK have actual teeth.
The Americans I feel bad for are those who can't afford the false teeth or even braces. They are very shamed by the pointy teeth people, no?
Very unusual for us because we have national health to keep everything going and make sure no one has to have crooked teeth. We feel most sad for Americans and their denture aesthetic.
The earliest record of dentures is from around 7th century BC, when Etruscans fashioned dentures from animal and human teeth.
我知道美国富人没有牙齿。它们被锉成点，或者被取出并用金属管替换。然后把孩子的牙齿放在上面。这样一来，美国富人的牙齿就像年轻的青少年一样。
我觉得很奇怪，因为英国人的牙齿是真的。
我为那些买不起假牙甚至牙套的美国人感到难过。他们对那些长着尖牙的人感到羞耻，不是吗？
这对我们来说很不寻常，因为我们有国家健康体系来保证一切正常运转，确保没有人会有不整齐的牙齿。我们为美国人和他们的假牙审美感到难过。
关于假牙的最早记录是在公元前7世纪左右，当时伊特鲁里亚人用动物和人的牙齿制作假牙。
I hardly think dental implants are common. Also, they are made from ceramic and titanium.
我不认为植牙很常见。此外，这些假牙是由陶瓷和钛制成的。
You think Americans don't wear crowns on their teeth? All the actors on American television have false teeth.
If you say that Americans don't use dead children's teeth any longer, I'll believe you.
We have healthcare, so it's not a big deal for us. Poor people aren't made to feel subhuman because they can't access basic healthcare.
I had an American friend visit the UK. He was in so much pain because of his teeth. I asked why he didn't see the dentist. He couldn't afford it. He lived in pain. Well, we quickly got him in to see the emergency dentist. Years of pain was taken away from him.
你以为美国人不戴假牙吗？美国电视上所有的演员都戴假牙。
如果你说美国人不再使用孩子的牙齿，我会相信你。
我们有医疗保障，所以这对我们来说不是什么大事。穷人不会因为得不到基本的医疗保健就觉得自己是次等人。
我有一个美国朋友去过英国。他的牙齿很疼。我问他为什么不去看牙医。他说他负担不起，他就一直生活在痛苦之中。我们很快让他去看了急诊牙医，多年的痛苦从他身上消失了。
American women don't really have larger mouths. There is a subset of women here that do, however, use their mouths incessantly, flapping them energetically at the slightest offense, real or imagined.
美国女人的嘴并不大。然而，这里也有一小部分女性会不停地用她们的嘴，只要是最轻微的冒犯，无论是真实的还是想象的，就会使劲地拍打她们的嘴。
In Wales we call them “cunts”
在威尔士，我们叫她们“婊子”
Large mouth is a Scandinavian trait or so I think. That may explain some differences as many white American are of a Scandinavian descent.
我认为大嘴是斯堪的纳维亚人的特点。这或许可以解释一些差异，因为许多美国白人是斯堪的纳维亚血统。
Scandinavians are a small minority in the US. I know this because I am one of them.
斯堪的纳维亚人在美国只占少数。我知道这一点，因为我是他们中的一员。
That’s a narrow statement. Not many Americans identify as Scandinavian, but that’s a bit different from their actual ancestry.
这是一个狭隘的说法。没有多少美国人认为自己是斯堪的纳维亚人，但这与他们真正的祖先有一点不同。
Many Americans who trace their ancestry to the British Isles have much the same DNA as Scandinavians. Why? A millenium or more ago, the Vikings marauded the coasts of Britain and Ireland, intermixing with the local population.
许多祖先可追溯至不列颠群岛的美国人，与斯堪的纳维亚人有着相似的DNA。为什么？一千年或更早以前，维京人洗劫了英国和爱尔兰的海岸，与当地居民混在一起生活。
I think the larger mouths result from exercise and practice.
我认为大嘴巴是锻炼和练习的结果。
by last names of grands and great grands, I have at least five different gene pools> Scots, Irish, Welsh, British, Dutch and maybe some French. with this metric it’s likely there are Scandinavian genes in the mix, too. This is common for the American South. My mother looked Spanish from her father, who she called “Black Irish” which tells us his family was from the north west of Ireland.
根据姓氏，我至少有5个不同的基因库——苏格兰人、爱尔兰人、威尔士人、英国人、荷兰人，也许还有一些法国人的基因。从这个指标来看，很可能还有斯堪的纳维亚人的基因。这在美国南部很常见。我的母亲和她的父亲很像西班牙人，她称她的父亲为“黑爱尔兰人”，这说明他的家庭来自爱尔兰西北部。
They look no different, physically.
Style of dress can vary, of course. But, also, there is a prent anti-Americanism that tends to stereotype or exaggerate this topic. You know, as if Americans are all obese, wearing white sneakers with light wash jeans, or silly looking shorts, and tattered tee shirt stained with mustard.
First, a less than stellar fashion sense is not somehow absent in Europe.
Also, it always is a but funny when English peeps make fun of “fat Americans.” Meanwhile, overweight or obesity rates for the UK are just slightly less than the US. It’s like someone that is 350 lbs making fun of someone that is 360. “Look at that fat-arse over there! I’d hate to be that fat!!”
Also, America’s population is just over half European (by ancestry) at this point, and the obesity rates are driven by non-Whites as well. But, for some reason the White phenotype is the stand-in or national representative of “an American.”
In other words, White Americans are slightly more overweight than average Europeans, but nothing dramatic. They look the same, phenotypically speaking (cause they come from the same ancestral populations). And their fashion sense is broadly similar.
从外表上看，他们没有什么不同。
当然，衣服的风格可以有所不同。但同时，有一种普遍的反美主义倾向于刻板印象或夸大这个话题。你知道的，就好像美国人都很肥胖，穿着白色运动鞋，浅色的牛仔裤，或者穿着看起来傻乎乎的短裤，破旧的t恤上沾满了芥末。
首先，不那么出众的时尚感在欧洲并非不存在。
而且，英国人取笑“肥胖的美国人”总是一件很有趣的事。与此同时，英国的超重或肥胖率仅略低于美国。这就像一个350磅的人嘲笑一个360磅的人一样。“看那边那个肥屁股！”我讨厌变得那么胖！！”
此外，美国的人口在这一点上刚好超过欧洲人的一半（血统），而且肥胖率也由非白人驱动的。但是，由于某种原因，白种人代表着整个“美国人”。
换句话说，美国白人比普通欧洲人略超重，但并没有那么夸张。从表面上看，他们看起来一样（因为他们来自相同的祖先群体），他们的时尚感也大体相似。
Because us Europeans are odd. We've ended up all over the world, but when it comes to moving around in large numbers in Europe, we rarely do it. The last time there was a population replacement level of inter European migration was when the Goths were knocking down the gates of Rome. Most of them settled in northern Italy, which is why there's a lot of suspiciously Germanic looking folks up there. Every few centuries large-ish amounts of Europeans will cross borders, but other than that, we stay put. Because of that, you have distinctive phenotypes; you can usually identify someones identity just by their face. French people have a distinctive look, as do Germans, and Balkan people, and Poles etc.
In the US, all of these different European groups ended up living amongst each other in the many melting pot cities up and down the land. As a result of this, alot of white Americans have a large mish-mash of various European ethnicities in them, so they've developed their own unique phenotypes. They still look European/white, but you can't look at their faces and say “I bet he's Serbian/Dutch/Polish/Portuguese” with any certainty.
因为我们欧洲人很奇怪。我们的足迹遍布世界各地，但当涉及到在欧洲大量迁移时，我们很少这样做。上一次欧洲之间的移民达到人口更替水平是在哥特人推倒罗马大门的时候。他们大多定居在意大利北部，这就是为什么那里有很多可疑的日耳曼人。每隔几个世纪，就会有大量的欧洲人跨越国界，但除此之外，我们就原地不动。正因为如此，你就有独特的外表；你通常只需要看一个人的脸就能认出他们是哪里的人。法国人、德国人、巴尔干人、波兰人等都有独特的外貌。
在美国，所有这些不同的欧洲群体最终生活在许多“大熔炉”般的城市里。因此，很多美国白人身上混杂着各种欧洲人种的特征，所以他们形成了自己独特的外表。他们看起来还是欧洲人/白人，但你无法看着他们的脸然后肯定地说“我打赌他是塞尔维亚人/荷兰人/波兰人/葡萄牙人”。
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Perhaps because white Americans are a mix of a number of different ethnic backgrounds, rather than having say, British parents, grandparents, great grandparents etc. They might have a mother with eastern European heritage, a father with an Irish/German background.
English people look different to Germans who look different from Bulgarians who look different to the French
也许是因为美国白人是许多不同种族背景的混血体，而不是只有纯的英国父母、祖父母、曾祖父母等。他们的母亲可能有东欧血统，父亲可能有爱尔兰/德国背景。
德国人看英国人不一样，保加利亚人看法国人也不一样
To the extend that any Europeans from any specific area can be said to have a distinctive look, “white” Americans will also include persons of Mediterranian, Slavic, Scandinavian, and Middle Eastern ancestry. So yeah a random white American might not look like someone from a specific part of Europe.
如果说来自任何特定地区的欧洲人都具有与众不同的外貌，那么美国的“白人”也包括地中海人、斯拉夫人、斯堪的纳维亚人和中东人。所以，一个随机的美国白人可能看起来不像来自欧洲某个特定地区的人。
White People in America are mixed with many different European DNA.
Most White Americans are very mixed with Irish and German
美国的白人混血了许多不同的欧洲人的DNA。
大多数美国白人混杂着爱尔兰人和德国人的DNA
People in the US are a mix of different European, Native, African and Asian groups. On the other hand, Germans, for instance, mix mostly with other Germans.
The reasons are simple: Europe does not have a common language, until quite recently did not have freedom of movement or a harmonized legislative frxwork, and to this day we do not have a common currency (no, we do not, Europe has 50 sovereign states, only 19 use the Euro).
If you need a passport to date someone from another group, and you need to learn another language, and you have to exchange your money, that can put a dent in your dating life.
美国人是欧洲人、原住民、非洲人和亚洲人的混血体。另一方面，举例来说，德国人主要与其他德国人交往。
原因很简单：欧洲没有共同的语言，直到最近才有行动自由或统一的立法框架，但直到今天我们也没有共同的货币（不，我们没有，欧洲有50个主权国家，只有19个使用欧元）。
如果你和另一个群体（国家）的人约会是需要护照的，你还需要学习另一种语言，你需要兑换你的钱，这可能会对你的约会生活造成影响。
I don't think they look that different. The variation in looks in any European country will make any differences unnoticeable.
Aside from clothing and behaviour only teeth would give an American away. The unnaturally white and straight teeth or veneers in younger people are pretty unusual in most of Europe. The dentists concentrate on keeping teeth healthy and generally avoid unnecessary and/or harmful procedures even if they make teeth look better.
我不觉得他们有什么不同。在任何一个欧洲国家，相貌的差异都不会引起人们的注意。
除了衣服和行为，只有牙齿能出卖一个美国人。在欧洲大部分地区，年轻人拥有不自然的白而整齐的牙齿或牙套是很不寻常的。牙医专注于保持牙齿健康，一般会避免不必要的或有害的手术，即使这些手术能够使牙齿看起来更好看。
You could just as easily ask why the French, Germans, and Brits don't resemble each other. White Americans have been separated long enough for their own founder effects, their own genetic drift, their own environments, and their own artificial sextion to have impacted their populations, even aside from immigration. Every population will have its own traits.
Anglo-Americans tend to look more Nordic than Anglo-British people. Otherwise, stereotypical average white Americans don't appear any different from northwestern Europeans in general.
你可以很容易地问为什么法国人、德国人和英国人彼此长得不像。美国白人被隔离的时间已经够长了，即使不考虑移民，他们自己的遗传漂变，他们自己的环境，以及他们自己的人为选择影响了他们的人口。每个群体都有自己的特点。
盎格鲁-美国人比盎格鲁-英国人看起来更像北欧人。除此之外，典型的普通美国白人总体上与西北欧洲人没什么不同。
in Australia I have noticed that white people from other countries look different somehow from multi generation Australians ,
在澳大利亚，我注意到来自其他国家的白人看起来与本地澳大利亚人不同
I have a relation who’s traveled a good deal. He’s in theater, so he’s always watching people to see how things look, what he can learn about subtle changes in movement, so forth.
He says you can spot Americans by how they move, stand, sit. When traveling, they are looking around at new scenes, so hey appear alx to their surroundings.
I was helping my wife chaperone some kids in Spain. It was Easter season so Spain was full of tourists. I was standing to one side, watching the kids and watching the people who were pretending not to be watching us. Good eye contact usually prevents worse problems. Several people wanted to chat, spotting me as American.
我有个亲戚经常旅行。他在剧院里工作，所以他总是观察人们，看事物是怎样的，他能从动作的细微变化中了解到一些东西，等等。
他说你可以通过美国人的动作、站姿和坐姿来辨别他们。当他们旅行时，他们会到处看风景，所以他们会对周围的环境保持警惕。
我在西班牙帮我妻子照看孩子。当时是复活节，所以西班牙到处都是游客。我站在一边，看着孩子们，看着那些假装没在看我们的人。良好的眼神交流通常可以避免更糟糕的问题。有几个人认出我是美国人，想和我聊天。
I believe it's because a lot of white people in America aren't 100% white. I don't mean to sound negative, I'm just pointing out that America has more mixing in it's past than most people are aware of.
我认为这是因为在美国很多白人并不是100%的白人。我并不是说要消极对待，我只是想指出，美国过去的混血现象比大多数人意识到的要多。
It's because they are different populations!
That's all there is to it!
White people in the US are not a representative sample of people across Europe! White people in the US have ancestors mostly from just parts of the UK, then Germany, France, and Italy. Just look at the last names! (But many names have been Anglicized).
You mostly have English and Irish surnames, and you see a German, French, ot Italian surname now and then, maybe a Scandinavian surname, and then you only occasionally see a Greek, Polish, Dutch, Hungarian, or other surname. You do see a lot os Spanish and even Basque surnames, but obviously, almost all those people are mixed Indigenous.
Then all those people mixed and now basically just speak English, and are mostly just Protestants, with a minority of Catholics and Jews atheists, and other.
People in the US move around freely. It's just one county, and even Black Americans that were once only found in the South less than 100 years ago are now found all over the US, but obviously mostly near cities, and less in rural areas.
Europeans are 10,000% more diverse! They come from 160 different ethnicities, 24 official languages, 44 countries, way more geographic and ocean barriers, and the religions are also somewhat more heterogeneous! It's a lot harder for people to get all mixed up with so many different barriers! The EU is too new to see a difference yet.
In Asia, this is even more pronounced. Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Thai, and Indian people almost neve mix with each other, both now and historically.
A less important additional factor is the US has much higher percentage of Ashkenazi Jews than Europe, and many white Americans have a small percentage of black or Indigenous mixing!
因为他们是不同的群体！
美国的白人并不是整个欧洲人的代表性样本！美国白人的祖先主要来自英国的部分地区，然后是德国、法国和意大利，只要看看姓氏就知道了！(但许多名字已经被英语化了)。
你通常会看到英国和爱尔兰的姓氏，你偶尔会看到德国、法国和意大利的姓氏，也可能是斯堪的纳维亚的姓氏，然后你偶尔会看到希腊、波兰、荷兰、匈牙利或其他姓氏。你可以看到很多西班牙人甚至巴斯克人的姓氏，但很明显，几乎所有的这些人都是土著混血儿。
然后所有的这些人混在一起，现在基本上只说英语，大部分都是新教徒，还有少数天主教徒，犹太人无神论者，等等。
在美国，人们可以自由流动。这只是一个国家，甚至连不到100年前只在南方出现的美国黑人现在也在美国各地都能找到，但显然大多在城市附近，农村地区的黑人较少。
欧洲人的多样性要高100倍！他们有来自160个不同的民族，24种官方语言，44个国家，更多的地理和海洋障碍，宗教也更多元化！人们很难把这么多不同的人混在一起！欧盟还太年轻，还看不到什么不同。
在亚洲，这一点更为明显。无论是现在还是历史上，中国人、韩国人、日本人、泰国人和印度人几乎从不交往。
一个不那么重要的额外因素是，美国的德系犹太人比例比欧洲高得多，而且许多美国白人有一小部分黑人或土著混血！
I do think Europeans look better. They are dressed to move around, and they are fitter. They have more street appeal in many cases. However, street views are deceptive. They depend on who is on the street, weight, clothing, and fitness.
The genetics arguments are simply wrong. Everyone is mixed, and American mixes are often similar to what you find in Europe. The English people, for example, have German, Scandinavian, Irish, and Anglo-Saxon—on average. Many Americans are similar, and every individual is a bit different.
There is more overlap than people think. Americans like to call themselves mutts for some reason, but that is not a scientific view.
我确实认为欧洲人看起来更好看。他们穿着适合四处走动的衣服，而且他们更健康。在很多情况下，他们在街头更具吸引力。然而，街景是具有欺骗性的。这取决于街上的人、体重、衣着和健康状况。
遗传学的观点是完全错误的。每个人都是混血儿，美国混血儿通常和你在欧洲发现的很相似。例如，英国人有德国裔英国人、斯堪的纳维亚人、爱尔兰人和盎格鲁-撒克逊人。许多美国人都是相似的，每个人都有一点不同。
相似的部分比人们想象的要多。出于某种原因，美国人喜欢称自己为杂种，但这并不是科学的观点。
I am not sure if I agree. I think English and France and Germans look samilfer, but sone French can be darker tone. However , I think Eastern European look very samilfer as well.
我不确定我是否同意，我觉得英国人、法国人和德国人看起来差不多，但是法国人皮肤更暗一些。然而，我认为东欧人看起来也非常相似。
I think it’s going to depend on location in the US and whether from the city or not. Myself, being an American if you compare me to a random sample of those in northern Europe, you wouldn’t tell the difference as I am very close to 100% Northern European as my family have only been in the US about a hundred years and have largely mated up with others of the same or similar background. My DNA test also shows me that as well. I also have the typical traits, tall, light hair, very blue eyes, etc.
我认为这将取决于美国的地理位置，以及是否来自同一个城市。我自己，作为一个美国人，如果你把我和北欧的随机样本相比，你看不出有什么区别，因为我是100%的北欧人，因为我的家庭在美国只有大约一百年的历史，而且基本上和其他相同或相似背景的人结合在一起。我的DNA测试也显示了这一点。我也有典型的特征，个子高，浅色头发，非常蓝的眼睛，等等。
Because they are mixed. It is encouraged here. You see it on the television, in ads, on the net, etc. If you disagree, you are labeled a racist. It seems to be a campaign going on here, so they no longer look like their ancestors or modern-day Europeans.
因为它们是混血的，他们鼓励这样做。你可以在电视、广告、网络等上看到这些鼓励。如果你不同意，你就会被贴上种族主义者的标签。这似乎是一场正在这里进行的运动，所以他们看起来不再像他们的祖先或现代欧洲人。
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