Quora问答 :为啥中国不发掘秦始皇陵？世界网友各抒己见-网帖翻译-龙腾网

Dang Yu'ang:
When they were first found in the tomb, they were colored, and after only a few minutes of contact with the air, they began to fade and soon lost their colour completely. All the terra-cotta warriors you see have gone through the whole process. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are just one of the mysteries of qin shi huang's tomb. There are too many secrets. Humans don't have enough technology to protect them. So the researchers of qin shihuang mausoleum gave up this huge temptation. They hope that future humans will have good enough technology to protect all the secrets of qin shihuang's tomb rather than destroy them.

从陵墓里面发掘出来的兵马俑是彩色的，然而仅仅接触空气几分钟之后，它们就开始逐渐地褪色，很快色彩就会完全消失，所有你看到的兵马俑都遭遇了这一过程。兵马俑只是秦始皇陵的秘藏之一，陵墓中还有许多其它的宝藏。人类目前没有足够先进的技术来保护它们（在被发掘的过程中不损坏）。（考古工作者们）希望未来的人们可以有足够先进的技术来保护好秦始皇陵的宝藏，而不是因为技术不到位而损坏到它。

Kate Scott：
I remember seeing one terracotta archer on display at the site near Xi’an who still has a couple of small patches of colour, he’s been under protective glass ever since he was unearthed.

我记得在西安附近的一个的遗址，看到过一个展览中的兵马俑弓箭手，他的表面仍然还存有一些色彩的斑斑点点。据说自从出土以后，这个兵马俑就被安置在一个用来保护的玻璃罩里面。

Ben Morley：
I’ve also heard there are traps and a lake of mercury, which could be deadly if it’s fuming the tomb. They want to wait until the tech is viable to safely excavate the tomb with everything intact.

我还听说那里有很多机关陷阱以及水银湖，水银在陵墓里面的挥发是致命的。他们（考古工作者）想等技术发展到足够安全地发掘陵墓且不破坏任何东西的地步，再去发掘秦始皇陵。

Including the archaeologists sent in to work on the tomb. Can’t have them joining the Emperor in the Afterlife.

包括那些被派到陵墓中工作的考古学家，不能让他们在往生之后加入皇帝的麾下。

Tim Palmerston：
Of course there are traps, a lake of mercury, and a sea of world-destroying acid from the very seven hells. How else are you supposed to ward off potential grave robbers but with promises of death?

那里当然会有机关陷阱，水银汇成的湖，来自七层地狱的灭世毒酸所聚成的海洋。否则除了必死的诅咒，你还有什么方法能够吓退潜在的盗墓者？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Norman Tan：
People also thought a whole army buried to guard the tomb as just a legend. Then some peasant fell into the pit when digging for a well and they found the terracotta warriors. They have tested the soil from the tomb mound and found elevated levels of mercury.

根据传说，人们还猜测有一整支军队被葬在下面，用来保护陵墓。某个农民在挖井的时候跌落到了坑里，随之大家发现了兵马俑。他们检测了陵墓的土壤，然后发现了土壤里的汞含量是偏高的。

Jeff Chan：
That’s the difference between the Chinese and the West. When the Chinese say they can wait, they don’t mean two or three years.

这就是中国人和西方人的区别，当中国人说他们可以等待的时候，他们指的可不是等个两三年。

They mean two or three generations. Same goes for stability and economics.

他们是打算是等个两三代人的时间。在稳定和经济方面，他们也是如此（有耐心）

Stephen West：
This isn't really a China vs West thing. Not everything is. This is just doing good archaeology. In America too, many ancient sites that are found are simply documented and left untouched, or reburied to preserve the site. Especially Native American burial sites are a very touchy subject and treated with care. Often an excavation where a dead body is found will be completely abandoned, because the descendent groups request it.

这真的和中国vs西方无关，并不是所有的事情的原因都是（可以归咎于中西方差异的）。他们能够耐心等待仅仅是为了做好考古工作（而非其它原因）。在美国也是这样，许多古代的遗迹被发现之后，人们仅仅是做好记录工作然后不去动它，或者为了保护遗迹而把它重新掩埋起来。尤其是美国原住民的墓地遗迹是非常敏感的话题，需要谨慎对待。
通常情况下，发掘过程中发现遗体之后，由于原住民后裔团体的要求，将会禁止挖掘下去。

In the event that a site is important enough to warrant a historical monument, sometimes the real site is left underground and a replica is built on top (E.g. Kuaua Pueblo). Although I will concede, many archaeological sites are excavated and destroyed in the process. Some people care less than others.

如果一个遗址足够重要，值得建立历史纪念碑，人们有时会把真正的遗址留在地下，而在上面建一个复制品（例如Kuaua Pueblo）。虽然我承认，许多考古遗址在挖掘过程中被破坏，因为有些人不太注意这一点。

David Seto：
Yes in Italy there’s a lot of places untouched too many people live on top of Roman sites. The partially burned scrolls from villa of papyri are unopened and unread until X-ray tech improves to read them.

是的，在意大利，有很多地方没有被挖掘，太多的人住在罗马遗址的上面。从宫殿里挖出来的被货烧过的古卷残本一直没有被打开过，直到X射线技术得到改进之后，才能去阅读上面的内容。

Lynita Otero：
I completely agree.

我完全同意。

Jimmie Hicks：
Then you are completely wrong.

那你完全搞错了。

Edgar W. Webb：
Our reluctance to take the long view is an endemic failing regarding so many things about our government/society.

我们不愿放眼长远的习惯，是政府/社会在很多事情的处理的一个普遍性的缺陷。

The Super Collider Tunnel in Texas could have taught us so much about Quantum Physics but we wasted fortunes abandoning that before it could even begin its mission, the space program’s been st… (more)

德克萨斯州的超级对撞机隧道本可以让我们获得很多量子物理相关的知识，但我们在它甚至可以开始执行任务之前就放弃了它，浪费了大量的财富，太空计划一直在拖延...(还有更多的例子)。

Klaus Hubbertz：
BINGO! A Chinese official once touring in Germany was told that this and that institution was founded in 1834. His reply: BC or AD???… They definitively DO have another perception of time and their own place in history!!

正确! 曾经有一位中国官员在德国旅游，有人向他介绍某个机构是成立于1834年的。结果他反问道："公元前1834年还是公元后1834年？？？......他们对时间的概念，对自己的历史定位的概念，肯定是和我们不一样的！

Kris Wren：
The Terra Cotta Warriors in Xian are amazing. Our family visited there last year. What’s even more amazing is the painstaking detail that the archeologists take in restoring the Warriors back together. They do this at night so as not to be disturbed by the millions of visitors each year. There are three pits now with thousands of warriors, and it may be that are up to a million Warriors buried over the countryside. As you look out from where the three pits are, you can see, many miles away, the mountain where the emperor lies. Our guide advised us that the tomb will not be open until the technology catches up so they can enter the tomb without damaging what is inside. They look at the long game and are aware that it may be a hundred years from now before it’s ever opened.

西安的兵马俑非常令人震撼，去年我们一家去参观过那里。更令人惊讶的是考古学家在修复兵马俑的过程中所作出的细致入微/不辞辛苦的工作。他们每次都是在晚上进行修复工作，这样就可以避开每年百万计的游客的干扰。现在有三个兵马俑坑，里面有几千个兵马俑。然后，可能还有高达百万数量的兵马俑还被埋藏在乡村地区。当你从这三个兵马俑坑的位置张望，你可以看到很远处的一座山，那就是帝王沉睡的地方。我们的向导告诉我们，目前人们不会发掘秦始皇陵墓，只能等科技发展到能让人在不破坏陵墓内部的前提下进入其中，才会开始发掘。

Irene Fuerst：
“Originally, the figures were painted with: ground precious stones, intensely fired bones (white), pigments of iron oxide (dark red), cinnabar (red), malachite (green), azurite (blue), charcoal (black), cinnabar barium copper silicate mix (Chinese purple or Han purple), tree sap from a nearby source, (more than likely from the Chinese lacquer tree) (brown). Other colors including pink, lilac and one unknown color. The colored lacquer finish and individual facial features would have given the figures a realistic feel, with eyebrows and facial hair in black and the faces done in pink.” Wikipedia

"最初，这些兵马俑是用：磨碎的宝石、高度烧制的骨头（白色）、氧化铁（暗红色）、朱砂（红色）、孔雀石（绿色）、天青石（蓝色）、木炭（黑色）、朱砂钡铜硅酸盐混合物（中国紫或汉人紫）、来自附近的树液（很可能来自中国漆树）（褐色）等颜料绘制的。其他颜色包括粉红色、丁香色和一种未知的颜色。彩色的漆面和个人的面部特征会给人物带来真实的感觉，眉毛和面部的头发是黑色的，脸部是粉红色的"。维基百科

I think the colors flaked off after excavation. Greek statues were also painted in ancient times.

我认为这些颜料是在兵马俑被发掘后剥落的。希腊的雕像在古时候也是有上色的。

Michael Moldenhauer：
The question is, has any progress been made toward such in the years and decades since this decision was made? Or will we sooner develop antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion than the ability to simply open up a frigging tomb without disturbing it too much?

问题是，在作出（暂不发掘的）这一决定后的数年和数十年里，是否在技术方面取得了任何进展？还是说相比简单地打开一个该死的坟墓且不对内部造成太大损坏，我们会更快地开发出反物质催化的核脉冲推进器，？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Felix Jin：
I would like to state one thing: the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang were unintentionally discovered, and the subsequent excavations were to protect these historical heritages from being damaged by grave robbers. Yes, we will not dig our ancestors' graves in order to discover some amazing artifacts.

我得澄清一件事：秦始皇的兵马俑是无意中被发现的，并且随后的发掘工作是为了保护这些历史遗产免受盗墓者的损坏。是的，我们不会为了寻找某些珍贵的文物而去挖掘我们祖先的坟墓。

Chad Swanson：
When I visited historic sites in China, I often got told management decisions by the guides that didn’t make a lot of sense. The reason not to open Qin’s tomb was one of them.

当我在中国参观历史遗迹时，我经常被导游告知一些没有太大意义的管理决策。不开放秦始皇陵墓的原因就是其中之一。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

As many have said on here, I was told that when the first Terracotta Warriors were unearthed in 1974, they had colour that was quickly lost when exposed to the air. This made archaeologists concerned that they would not be able to excavate the Qin’s tomb with current technology without damaging the artefacts.

正如许多人回答的那样，导游告诉我，当1974年第一批兵马俑出土时，它们暴露在空气中的颜色很快就消失。这让考古学家们担心，以目前的技术，他们无法在不损害文物的情况下完成发掘秦始皇陵。

For about 5 minutes, it seemed like a good explanation but then I wondered why the Terracotta Warriors were still being excavated when the problem of air exposure still hadn’t been solved. I also wondered how they were expecting to solve the technological obstacles of protecting artefacts in the tomb if they didn’t know what was there and completed no preliminary excavations to ascertain what problems needed to be solved.

刚听完他的解释，我觉得这似乎是一个很好的理由，但后来我反应过来，想知道为什么在空气暴露的问题还没有解决的情况下，他们还继续挖掘兵马俑。我还想知道，如果他们不知道秦始皇陵里面到底有什么，也没有完成初步的挖掘工作以确定需要解决的问题，他们如何期望解决保护墓中文物的技术障碍。

Jason Yang：
As a Chinese person, I don't quite agree to what you said up there. Firstly, I don't think the Terracotta warriors are still being unearthed. In fact, a considerable portion is protected for fear that those colored warriors would undergo rapid oxidization and become earth-like the moment they are excavated. If you go visit the Terracotta warriors in Xi’an, you would notice, apart from the greyish warriors on display, there are vast stretches of ground under which lie the unearthed warriors.

我是中国人，我不太同意你在上面所说的话。首先，我不认为秦始皇兵马俑的发掘工作还在进行中。事实上，相当一部分被保护起来了，因为担心那些彩色的兵马俑一出土就会迅速氧化，变得像土一样。如果你去参观西安的秦始皇兵马俑，你会发现，除了展出的灰白色的兵马俑之外，还有大片的区域里面放的是还没出土的兵马俑。

Then you said China has the technology needed to excavate this tomb now. In fact, back in the 1970s (correct me if am wrong, because I only saw the documentary about this tomb once), with the help of advanced radar detection from Germany, experts found beneath the surface of this tomb, there is a vast network of mercury rivers and lakes supposedly used to protect the body of QinShihuang and his treasures. Once people enter the interior of the tomb, mercury would vaporize and finds its way into the lungs of the trespassers, causing immediate death. Also there are countless traps and devices (as recorded in the ancient archives) to take account of.

然后你说中国现在有挖掘这个墓的技术。事实上，早在20世纪70年代（如果我错了，请纠正我，因为我只看过一次关于这个墓的纪录片），在德国先进的雷达探测技术的帮助下，专家们发现在这个墓的里面，有一个巨大的水银汇成的河流和湖泊，据说是用来保护秦始皇的身体和他的宝物。一旦人们进入陵墓内部，水银就会汽化，并进入闯入者的肺部，导致他们立即死亡。此外，还有无数的陷阱和装置（如古代档案中的记录那样）需要考虑。

Thirdly, even if Chinese government has the cutting edge technology to unearth QinShihuang tomb, we Chinese people would still not consider doing it. Because, apart from the treasures inside the tomb, there is a collective dream buried underneath, a dream of the first Chinese emperor to unify China, a pioneering spirit to make China powerful. We want to preserve this dream, and, by striving hard as a nation, realize this dream.

第三，即使中国政府有能够发掘秦始皇陵的尖端技术，我们中国人也不会考虑这样做。因为，除了墓里的宝藏，下面还埋藏着一个集体的梦想，一个作为第一个一统天下的皇帝的梦想，一个让中国强大的开拓精神。我们要保留这个梦想，并通过整个民族的努力奋斗，实现这个梦想。

Yugan Talovich：
Think of the responsibility of opening this tomb! There must be countless treasures within, but there are also countless problems involved in opening a tomb that has been still for over two thousand years.

想一想打开这个坟墓的责任吧! 里面一定有无数的宝藏，但要打开一个封存了两千多年的坟墓，也会随之产生数不清的问题。

The fear is that with today’s technology, opening the tomb and exposing the contents to today’s environment may destroy things and lose irreplaceable artifacts and facts (by facts, I mean more intangible facts we can learn from. The terra cotta figures were originally colored, but the colors faded quickly once that pit was opened, some before the details could be recorded, which means knowledge lost forever.)

大家担心的是，以现在的技术，打开墓穴并将里面的东西暴露在今天的环境中，可能会破坏里面的物体，我们会失去举世无双的文物和事实(我说的事实是指我们可以学习的更多无形的事实。兵马俑原本是有颜色的，但是一旦那个坑被打开，颜色就会迅速褪去，有些细节还没来得及记录，这就意味着相关的知识永远消失了）。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Have you noticed that Chinese are patient, and take the long term view? The idea is, the tomb has been there for a long time, it’ll keep another couple decades or generations or centuries until it can be opened safely. In the meantime, there’s more than enough to study from what has already been opened.

你有没有注意到，中国人很有耐心，而且从长远的角度看问题？他们的想法是，古墓已经存在了很长时间，它还会保持几十年、几代人或几个世纪，直到它可以被安全地打开。在这等待的期间，已经发掘出来的东西已经够他们研究的了。

Miao Master：
Why won't the Chinese government open the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor?

为什么中国政府不打开秦始皇陵墓？

Official reason:

官方的回答：

In 1957, the government of China, the tomb of Emperor Wanli Emperor was excavated. There were opponents to the proposal from the archeological community, but they were ultimately overruled . Then, when the archeological team finally found the right tomb, due to inadequate experience and technology, they saw artifacts literally disintegrating before their eyes. Thereafter, the Chinese archeological community has held the principle that they will not actively excavate imperial tombs.

1957年，中国政府对万历皇帝的陵墓进行了发掘。考古界有人反对这一提议，但他们的意见没有被采纳。然后，当考古队终于找到正确的墓穴时，由于经验和技术的不足，他们亲眼看到文物在他们面前变得支离破碎。此后，中国考古界一直坚持不主动发掘帝王陵墓的原则。

The discovery of the tomb of Qin Shi Huang was an accident, so they excavated what they could, to protect valuable artifacts from thieves. Further excavation will not be done until technology advances to preserve what might be found.

秦始皇墓的发现是一个意外，所以他们挖掘了他们可以挖掘的东西，以保护有价值的文物不被盗贼偷走。除非技术进步到能保护可能发现的东西，否则不会再进行进一步挖掘。

Unofficial reason:

非官方的回答：

It’s too expensive. The tomb is very large. About 98 square kilometres. It took 3 decades to build. They're still finding new things outside of the terracotta army.[2] So large scale excavation will be very very expensive.

花费太贵了。墓穴非常大，大约有98平方公里。这个陵墓花了30年的时间才被建造出来。他们一直有发现除了兵马俑之外的新东西，所以大规模的挖掘将花费不菲。

Superstitious reason:

迷信的原因：
Qin Shi Huang is called the Oldest Dragon (祖龙) - He is the first emperor. It's already taboo to dig up graves. There’s a rumour floating around that says excavation of his tomb would damage/alter the fate of the nation in a terri-bad way. This sounds like one of those conspiracy theories.
秦始皇被称为 "祖龙"--他是第一个皇帝。挖掘坟墓本来就是一种禁忌，而坊间流传着一个谣言，说挖掘祖龙的坟墓会破坏/改变国家的命运，是一件非常糟糕的事。这听起来像是一种阴谋论。
（译者：坚决反对封建迷信！）

Leo Ong：
There are many reasons to this but the main ones are as follows :

有许多的原因，但是主要原因如下所示：

air quality in the tomb is believed to be different from the current air quality and opening the tomb can result in either one or both of the following:A) disintegration/ decay of some of the paints/ colorings or worse still, a large part of the tomb itself. B) possible presence of virus which may be deadly( similar to the case of Tutankhamen )
Possible presence of deadly defense mechanisms which can deem it difficult for anyone who goes inside the tomb.

人们认为墓穴中的空气质量与目前的空气质量不同，打开墓穴可能会导致以下一个或两个结果：A）一些涂料/着色剂的瓦解/腐烂，或者更糟糕的结果是，墓穴本身的很大一部分会瓦解/腐烂。B) 可能存在致命的病毒（类似于图坦卡门的案例）。可能存在致命的防御机制，让人们难以进入到陵墓里面。

Japanese and American specialists have offered their services to the Chinese government but in return, they want to have a portion of the tomb or something along these lines . However, this will not be possible in China as such tombs are classified as National Treasures.

日本和美国的专家已经向中国政府提供了他们的服务，但作为回报，他们希望得到墓葬的一部分或类似的东西。然而，这在中国是不可能的，因为这种墓葬被列为国家宝藏。

There is also the presence of mercury in the tomb, which is used to simulate rivers and lakes in the afterlife of Qin Shi Huang. This can also prove toxic and lethal to whoever enters the tomb.
There are many more reasons to why but the above are the general reasons for now.

墓中还存在水银，用于模拟秦始皇死后世界的河流和湖泊。这对进入坟墓的人是有毒和致命的。
还有很多原因，但以上是目前所知的大概原因。

Rui Zhang ：
The reason why China does not excavate the tomb of Qin Shihuang is mainly because of the lack of technology. Archaeology is based on protective excavation rather than active excavation.

中国不发掘秦始皇墓的原因主要是缺乏技术。考古学是以保护性发掘为主，而不是主动发掘。

1. Avoid oxidative fragmentation of precious cultural relics, the color on the cultural relics will fade, especially the cultural relics such as pottery figurines and silk.

1. 避免珍贵文物被氧化破碎，文物上的颜色会变淡，尤其是陶俑、丝绸等文物。

2. In order to better protect ancient cultural relics and remains for future generations.

2. 为了更好地保护古文物和遗迹，留给下一代。

3. Lessons unearthed from the Ming Tombs

3.从发掘明陵学习到的教训