QA：葡萄牙是一个穷国吗？

Nick Halden, Born and Raised in Portugal!
No.
Developed countries aren’t poor. They can be poorer or richer than other developed countries. Portugal is poorer than the most part of countries in European unx; but it isn’t poor. People live well, there is at least minimal conditions in the most part of the country. It is as beautiful as ever and a great place to visit.

不是。
发达国家并不贫穷。他们只可能比其他发达国家穷一点或富一点。葡萄牙比欧盟大多数国家都穷；但它并不差。人们生活得很好，在这个国家的大部分地区至少有最低限度的发达条件。它一如既往地美丽，是一个值得游览的好地方。

João Godinho, Product Manager
Depends on which country you compare it to. If the standard is Norway, then we’re poorer, but the same could be said about a great part of European countries. If you compare it to a former Eastern Block state, not really. We took a bit hit with the Eurocrisis, but we are recovering quite well. However there are several civilizational conquests that practically everybody in Europe share and we are no exception. Like free (or at least very inexpensive) education, 4 weeks (5 if you´re a public servant..&%$) paid vacation, paid pre and post maternity leave, 2 bonus salaries a year, subsidised medication and above all a good national healthcare system:
Next Wednesday my father is scheduled to have a heart surgery in a public hospital here in Lisbon. He’s going to have an artificial heart valve intravenously introduced. According to his doctor the valve alone costs €14 000. To that you would have to add the cost of the whole procedure itself, all medical staff intervening, all preoperative tests he has already gone through, the days he´ll have to spend at the hospital recovering, post-operation medical appointments, etc. It is fair to say that this whole process will reach the high end of tens of thousands of Euros. If we lived in a country like for ex the USA, even with insurance, we’d have to sell everything we have and I’d probably have to do a bank heist to afford it. But thanks to our National Health Service this will cost us ZERO Euros!

这取决于你将其与哪个国家进行比较。如果以挪威为标准，那么我们确实就比较穷了，但大部分欧洲国家也是如此。如果你把它和以前的东部街区州相比，那就不是了。欧元危机给我们带来了一些打击，但我们现在恢复得相当好。然而，欧洲几乎每个人都在文化上产生了危机，我们也不例外。像免费（或至少非常便宜）教育、4周（如果你是公务员，5周）带薪假期、带薪产假、每年12+2薪水、药品补贴，以及最重要的是良好的国家医疗体系：
下周三，我父亲将在里斯本的一家公立医院接受心脏手术。他将通过静脉注射植入人工心脏瓣膜。据他的医生说，光是这个玩意儿就要14000欧元。除此之外，你还必须加上整个手术本身的费用、所有医护人员的干预、他已经进行的所有术前检查、他在医院康复的日子、手术后的医疗预约，等等，可以说整个过程将达到数万欧元的花费。如果我们生活在一个像，比方说美国这样的国家，即使有保险，我们也必须卖掉我们所有的东西，而我可能不得不做一次银行抢劫来支付医疗费用。但多亏了我们的国家医疗补贴，这将花费我们零欧元！

Of course nothing is free because we pay for this with our taxes. But my family (and I believe an overwhelming majority of Europeans) prefer to have this system instead of a big nuke button. So our President doesn’t get to have a nuke button, but I’m sure he wouldn’t want to have one anyway. Instead, we have given him a very big “Pastel de Nata” button, which he only has to press to get a serving of those delicious pastries!

当然，没有什么是免费的，因为我们也交税。但我的家人（我相信绝大多数欧洲人都是）更喜欢这个系统，而不是一个巨大的核按钮。所以我们的总统不需要核弹按钮，但我相信他本来无论如何也不会想要。取而代之的是，我们给了他一个非常大的“葡式蛋挞”按钮，他只需按下按钮就可以得到一份美味的糕点！

EDIT: My father is recuperating very well, and he´s coming home today after a sucessful operation, with a stronger and healthier heart. Thank you SNS (Portuguese National Health Service) and above all thanks to the incredible nurses, doctors and auxiliary staff at the UTIC unit at Santa Maria Public Hospital in Lisbon!

编辑：我父亲恢复得很好，手术成功后，他今天回家了，心脏更强壮、更健康。感谢SNS（葡萄牙国家卫生局），最重要的是感谢里斯本圣玛丽亚公立医院尤蒂克病房令人难以置信的护士、医生和辅助人员！

Lana Pajdas, lived in Portugal (2010-2013)
Portugal is a European country. Therefore it cannot be called a poor or developing country at all.

葡萄牙是一个欧洲国家。因此，它根本不能被称为穷国或发展中国家。

In Europe, even in the countries of the former Soviet Bloc, population nowadays enjoy a great infrastructure, roads, railways, healthcare, schooling, social care, water supply, safety and all the amenities of the life in the “rich world”. Portugal is no exception.

在欧洲，甚至在前苏联集团的国家，如今的人们享受着难以置信的基础设施、公路、铁路、医疗保健、学校教育、社会护理、供水、安全以及“富裕世界”生活的所有便利设施。葡萄牙也不例外。

I assume that this question was asked with the simple presumption that being poor means - not having enough cash in your wallet or in your bank account.

我认为这个问题的提出是基于一个简单的假设，即贫穷意味着钱包或银行账户中没有足够的现金。

The asker suggested that in Portugal the average person lacks the necessary amount of cash for the everyday life, which is a correct statement. However, does it mean that the country itself is poor? No.

询问者认为，在葡萄牙，普通人缺乏日常生活所需的现金，这是正确的说法。然而，这是否意味着该国本身是贫穷的？不。

Let me explain you a cultural reason for that “lack of cash”.

让我给你解释一下“缺乏现金”的文化原因。

Portugal is a part of the Southern Europe. Other countries of that Southern Europe are Spain, Italy, and Greece, while the Balkans and the South-East Europe, where Croatia (my country) is, are also a part of the area.

葡萄牙是南欧的一部分。南欧的其他国家是西班牙、意大利和希腊，而巴尔干和东南欧，克罗地亚（我的国家）所在地，也是该地区的一部分。

Southern Europe historically has a kind of culture that differs from the Northern or Central sides of Europe. It’s different from countries such as Germany or Switzerland, such as Sweden or Denmark.

南欧历史上有一种不同于欧洲北部或中部的文化。它与德国、瑞士、瑞典或丹麦等国家不同。
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The approach on money is very, very different in these opposite cultural sides of Europe. While the societies of the Northern and Central Europe have a culture of saving money, planning, working very hard, Southern European societies have a certain tendency of “enjoying life”, doing everything in a more relaxed manner and so on. It often means wasting money and resources.

在欧洲，不同文化对金钱的态度是非常非常不同的。北欧和中欧的社会有一种储蓄、计划、努力工作的文化，而南欧的社会则有一种“享受生活”的倾向，一切都以更轻松的方式进行，等等。这通常意味着浪费金钱和资源。

Still, all the Southern Europe somehow got the necessary infrastructure that makes life comfortable. That infrastructure is never for free - it needs to be paid. While the approach on money and resources management is way more relaxed and less organized than in the Central and Northern European countries, there is always less money left to pay for that infrastructure.

尽管如此，所有南欧国家都以某种方式获得了使生活舒适的必要基础设施。这种基础设施从来不是免费的——它需要付费。虽然资金和资源管理的方法比中欧和北欧国家宽松得多，组织得也不那么严密，但用于支付基础设施的资金总是更少。

Corruption is more spread, tax evasion more common, and simply - people of the Southern Europe are always less likely to pay for professional services, always being likely to do everything on their own - from cleaning houses, to planning their diets. It means that there is less money for professionals who provide a certain kind of service. On the other hand, Southern European people (including the Portuguese) are more likely to buy products whose prices exceed their budgets or available incomes.

腐败越来越普遍，偷税漏税越来越普遍，而且很简单——南欧人总是不太可能为专业服务付费，总是很可能自己做任何事情——从打扫房子到饮食计划。这意味着为提供某种服务的专业人士提供的薪水更少。另一方面，南欧人（包括葡萄牙人）更有可能购买价格超过其预算或可用收入的产品。

So in conclusion - Portugal is far from being a poor or underdeveloped country. Portugal is a country in which the local culture is not oriented on a strict resources management. At the same time the country has excellent infrastructure that costs money. Also, people are not likely to make economy more active by paying for professional services, preferring to buy sometimes overprices (and often imported) physical products that give much less income to other people within the same society.

因此，总而言之，葡萄牙远不是一个贫穷或不发达的国家。葡萄牙是一个不以严格的资源管理为导向的国家。与此同时，该国拥有耗资巨大的优良基础设施。此外，人们不太可能通过支付专业服务费用来让经济更加活跃，他们更愿意购买有时价格过高（通常是进口）的实物产品，而这些实物产品给同一社会中的其他人带来的收入要少得多。

The same applies more or less to the whole Southern Europe, apart from some exceptional cases.

除了一些例外情况外，整个南欧或多或少都是如此。
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EDIT: I’m a Southern European, and I don’t pretend to have a Northern mindset. This text is self-critical, not “racist”. My country is Croatia, and in many ways we have issues similar to Portugal. As Serbia and Italy are also countries I know pretty well and I have friends from these countries, I had no intention to insult ANYONE. The fact is that we have a more relaxed and less financially responsible cultures and that we tolerate corruption more than Germans, Swedes, etc. We all love to buy pricey clothes and gadgets more than paying for someone’s qualified services or knowledge, you can’t deny that fact.

编辑：我是南欧人，我不会假装有北欧思维。这篇文章是自我批评的，不是“种族主义者”的文章。我的祖国是克罗地亚，在许多方面我们的问题与葡萄牙相似。塞尔维亚和意大利也是我非常熟悉的国家，我有来自这些国家的朋友，我无意侮辱任何人。事实上，我们的文化比较宽松，经济责任感较低，我们比德国人、瑞典人等更容忍腐败。我们都喜欢买昂贵的衣服和小玩意，而不是为某人的合格服务或知识买单，你不能否认这一事实。
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Also I don’t think that Europe is the centre of the world, it’s just the world I know the best. If you have anything to say, share facts with me, don’t come with “you are stupid” kind of comments. Thank you, cheers :)

我也不认为欧洲是世界的中心，它只是我最了解的世界。如果你有什么要说的，和我分享事实，不要用“你很愚蠢”之类的评论。谢谢，干杯：）
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Bruno Coutinho, Ph.D. Physics, Northeastern University (2016)
upxed May 20, 2018
Portugal is one of the poorest countries among the richer countries.

葡萄牙是富裕国家中最贫穷的国家之一。
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Portugal is a developed country and part of the EU, that by itself makes it a rich country with a generally rich population when you compare with the rest of the world.

葡萄牙是一个发达国家，也是欧盟的一部分，与世界其他国家相比，它本身是一个富裕的国家，人口普遍富裕。

The problem is that among the developed countries, Portugal is one of the poorest.

问题是，在发达国家中，葡萄牙是最贫穷的国家之一。

Food is cheaper than in other developed countries, but not as cheap as in a third world country, therefore we spend a huge percentage of our income in food.

食品比其他发达国家便宜，但不如第三世界国家便宜，因此我们将收入的很大一部分花在食品上。

The population has access to all of the technology of a developed country, but the prices are high, therefore even the high middle class is only able of afford the middle range products. Middle range of the latest technology is not terrible, but not great either.

人们可以在葡萄牙亲眼看到发达国家的所有技术，但价格很高，因此即使是高中产阶级也只能买得起中档产品。最新技术的中端产品并不可怕，但也不那么牛逼。（*打个比方说就是买得起iPhone 11但买不起13）

Housing. In terms of housing Portugal is very affordable if you don’t live in Lisbon. Lisbon prices for housing are increasing fast, making them comparable with capitals of countries with wages four times higher. To live ok in Lisbon you need more than the average wage. You would think that having a middle class that hardly can afford to live in the capital is a characteristic of a poor country but I don't think this is true. Look at the situation in London or New York. I think this is probably the characteristic of a rich country.

谈到住房。在住房方面，如果你不住在里斯本，葡萄牙的房价是非常便宜的。里斯本的房价正在快速上涨，使其与比葡萄牙普遍工资高出四倍的国家的首都相当。要想在里斯本过上好日子，你需要赚的不只能有葡萄牙人的平均工资。你可能会认为，拥有一个几乎负担不起首都生活的中产阶级是一个贫穷国家的特征，但我不认为这是真的。看看伦敦或纽约的情况。我认为这可能是一个富裕国家的特点。

Luciano de Lopes
No. The problem with Portugal resides in the equity and more protagonism for her own sake. Portugal has great resources, such her huge oceanic territory which is very poorly exploited by the country. The wages are too low, if compared with countries with less resources such as Finland or Ireland.

不，葡萄牙的问题在于贫富差距过大，财富分配不均。葡萄牙拥有丰富的资源，还有巨大的海洋领土，但该国对其开发程度很低。如果与芬兰或爱尔兰等资源较少的国家相比，人均工资又太低。

Portugal is extremely bureaucratic, which makes things go very slow. Irritatingly slow.

葡萄牙非常官僚主义，这使得不管你要办什么事情，进展总是非常缓慢。令人恼火的慢。

Many polices by the governments cause more damage than help the country in short and long term. Portugal is poorly advertised by the governments.

政府的许多政策在短期和长期内造成的损害大于对国家的帮助。葡萄牙政府对此的政策很差。

Portugal had great universities, is extremely beautiful, probably the most beautiful country in Europe. It's small and with pretty much all sort of climates and amazingly different landscapes.

葡萄牙有很好的大学，整个国家非常美丽，可能是欧洲最美丽的国家。它很小，但拥有几乎所有种类的气候和令人惊讶的不同景观。

Culturally, Portugal is great, like any other country. It's not just well sold as Spain, Greece or Italy in that sense. Pretty much no one know about Portugal in US, for example, which should raise some red flags about how the country is shown abroad.

在文化上，葡萄牙和其他任何国家一样伟大。从这个意义上讲，它不像西班牙、希腊或意大利那样受欢迎。例如，在美国，几乎没有人知道葡萄牙，这应该会引起一些关于该国在国际影响力的危险信号。（*葡萄牙语 - 巴西）

Very low to no antisemitism. Very low xenophobic behaviour. It exists, but it's very low. Portuguese are, in general, very peaceful and friendly.

国内存在非常低甚至没有反犹太主义的行为。非常低的仇外行为。它存在，但它存在的程度非常低。葡萄牙人总体上非常和平友好。

There is a new generation of more international Portuguese people, in the sense that has been traveling a lot in the EU, Brazil, when the Troika ruined the economy even more and as far as Russia, China. A generation with more open views about the country and her possibilities.

新一代的葡萄牙人越来越多的国际化，从这个意义上说，他们经常在欧盟、巴西旅行，在三巨头对经济造成了更大的破坏时，葡萄牙的年轻人表现出色，他们甚至远至俄罗斯、中国。它们是对这个国家和她的可能性有着更加开放的看法的一代人。

Portugal is not poor. People in Portugal need to be more aware of their rights, fight for them and be prouder about the country. We only see proud people when they live abroad (well, that happen with Spaniards, Greeks, Mexicans, Hondurans…). Portugal needs more equity and to create new opportunities, by, for example, getting rid of the terrible bureaucracy.

葡萄牙并不贫穷。葡萄牙人民需要更多地意识到他们的权利，为他们而战，并为这个国家感到自豪。我们只在海外看到为自己国家自豪的人（西班牙人、希腊人、墨西哥人、洪都拉斯人……）。葡萄牙需要更多的财政公平和创造新的就业机会，例如，通过摆脱可怕的官僚机构。

The country needs more engaged citizens, more transparence in public polices that won't be achieved if the Portuguese don't make a big deal of it.

这个国家需要更多的公民参与，公共政策更加透明，如果葡萄牙人不重视这一点，这是无法实现的。

Like in any other nation, if people don't care or are just Facebook warriors, the government will do what's not the best for the population in most cases.

与其他任何国家一样，如果人们不在乎或只是键盘侠，政府在大多数情况下都会做对民众不利的事情。

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