英国将向饮用水中添加氟化物以消除蛀牙
Fluoride will be added to UK drinking water to cut tooth decay
译文简介
“然而，这不会在几十年内减少关于英国人牙齿的笑话。”——《卫报》报道。
正文翻译
Fluoride will be added to UK drinking water to cut tooth decay
-Chief medical officers cite estimates that more mineral in water would reduce cavities by 28% among poorest children
英国将向饮用水中添加氟化物以消除蛀牙
——首席医疗官员援引估计，在水中添加更多的矿物质可以减少最贫穷儿童28%的蛀牙
-Chief medical officers cite estimates that more mineral in water would reduce cavities by 28% among poorest children
英国将向饮用水中添加氟化物以消除蛀牙
——首席医疗官员援引估计，在水中添加更多的矿物质可以减少最贫穷儿童28%的蛀牙
(Tooth decay is the biggest cause of hospitalisation for UK children aged from five to nine.)
（龋齿是英国5 - 9岁儿童住院治疗的最大原因。）
新闻简介：
在英国首席医疗官员得出氟化物可以消除蛀牙的结论后，全国各地的饮用水预计将添加氟化物。
英格兰首席医疗官克里斯·惠蒂以及威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰的首席医疗官引用了英格兰公共卫生局的评估，在供水中添加更多氟化物将使最富有的儿童减少17%的龋齿，最贫穷的儿童减少28%的龋齿。
2016年，澳大利亚首席健康和医学研究机构在分析了3000多项研究后表示，在饮用水中添加矿物质不会降低一个人的智商，有不会导致癌症或任何其他负面健康影响。
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I didn't see any numbers posted, so here goes:
Fluoride in water is kept at a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L, usually between 0.5 and 0.7.
The first symptoms of fluoride toxicity happen at 0.2–0.3 mg/kg (simple gastrointestinal discomfort). For a 10kg child that would be 2 to 3 mg total.
Teenagers and adults shouldn't exceed 10mg/person/day but with higher weight and higher tolerance they need easily 25mg to see gastrointestinal discomfort.
By the time a child is 1 year old, to reach risk of death from fluoride consumption, they'd need 50mg or about 200 glasses of water. Teenagers and adults would need 1000+.
A separate concern is bone health. A systematic review (a review of multiple studies) published in 2000 found that it was likely that there was a correlation between fluoridated tap water and hip fractures.
Analysis of the results of that systematic review found that the source studies used were not particularly good, and basing a conclusion on an average of poor studies doesn't tend to produce reliable results. Four of the source studies indicated fluoridated water strongly increases risk, and five said it strongly decreases risk.
我没有在新闻里看到任何公布的数字，所以这里：
水中氟化物的浓度保持在0.5 - 1.0 mg/L，通常在0.5 - 0.7之间。
氟中毒的最初症状出现在0.2-0.3 mg/kg时（单纯胃肠道不适）。对于一个体重10公斤的儿童来说，总共需要2到3毫克。
青少年和成年人摄入不应超过10mg/人/天，但体重和耐受性较高的人很容易需要25mg才会出现肠胃不适。
到孩子1岁的时候，要达到因摄入氟化物而死亡的风险，他们需要50毫克或大约200杯水。青少年和成人需要1000杯以上。
另一个问题是骨骼健康。2000年发表的一项系统综述（对多项研究的综述）发现，加氟自来水和髋部骨折之间可能存在相关性。
对系统评估结果的分析发现，所使用的来源研究不是特别好，基于平均水平较差的研究得出的结论往往不会产生可靠的结果。四项来源研究表明，含氟水会极大地增加风险，而五项研究表明它会极大地降低风险。
My grandfather-in-law was an admin at his local waterworks when they first started adding fluoride to the water, and they purposefully announced it was being added 2 weeks before they actually did. They got so many calls during those two weeks before they started actually adding it from people claiming to have been getting violently sick from it. He spoke to a lady who said she and her dogs were violently ill from it and he said “ma’am we actually have not added it yet.” She went silent and just said “…Oh.” And the call pretty much ended like that
我妻子的爷爷是当地自来水厂的管理员，当他们第一次开始往水中添加氟化物的时候，他们故意在两周前就宣布要添加氟化物。在他们开始添加它之前的两周内，他们接到了很多电话，都是声称因为加氟而严重生病的人打来的。他与一位女士交谈，这位女士说她和她的狗狗因此病得很严重，他说，“女士，我们实际上还没有添加它。”她沉默了，只是说了声“哦。”电话就这样挂断了
My city (in New Brunswick, Canada) stopped adding fluoride to the water supply a few years ago. A movement started whereby some people thought it was a terrible thing for a city to do and that it was not necessary, and the city was all too happy to save the money.
I had a dental plan and made use of it, along with regular dental hygiene at home. I wonder about those not so well-off. How are they making out? A lot of dentists in town were saying the poorer people would not fare as well.
我所在的城市（加拿大新不伦瑞克）几年前就停止向供水中添加氟化物了。因为开始了一场运动，一些人认为这是一个城市做的一件可怕的事情，没有必要加氟，然后城市都太高兴了，因为省钱了。
我有一个牙科计划，并利用了它，以及在家里的定期牙科卫生保健。我想知道那些不那么富裕的人。他们情况如何？城里的很多牙医都说穷人的情况不会好到哪里去。
It’s already been proven that the removal of fluoride will result in higher numbers of cavities in children.
已经证明，去除氟化物会导致儿童更多的蛀牙。（译注：链接）
I had a lot more cavities when I was a kid than now. I haven't had a cavity in at least 12 years now. As a child, I had 7 or 8 in total over the years. And as a kid, my home was on well water, which obviously didn't have any fluoride in it. I brushed my teeth at roughly the same rate, but they were crooked. I always chalked it up to crooked teeth, and maybe not being quite as thorough in my brushing, since I was a child. Now I'm not so sure. Probably just another contributing factor, but I'd bet I wouldn't have had as many cavities if we were on city water the whole time.
我小时候的蛀牙比现在多得多。我至少有12年没蛀牙了。当我还是个孩子的时候，我总共有7到8个蛀牙。当我还是个孩子的时候，我的家用井水，很明显井水里没有任何氟化物。我刷牙的速度大致相同，但它们是弯曲的。从我还是个孩子的时候起，我总是用粉笔来标记我弯曲的牙齿，也许我刷牙的时候没有那么彻底。现在我不那么确定了。也许这只是另一个因素，但我敢打赌，如果我们一直用城市自来水，我本不会有这么多蛀牙。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
I wonder if the kids who don’t brush at all are driving the results. There’s no flouride in the drinking water where I live so I like to think using flouride toothpaste and mouthwash twice Daily is doing the trick.
我想知道是不是那些根本不刷牙的孩子导致了这个结果。我住的地方的饮用水中没有氟化物，所以我喜欢每天使用两次含氟化物的牙膏和漱口水。
Here in Ireland, the fluoridation of water was central to one of our most important cases in constitutional law. A woman brought a case against the government saying she had a right to bodily autonomy in choosing what chemicals she put in her body, therefore she demanded the water system be unfluoridated. The court essentially told her that it was in the general interest of the public that fluoride be added anyway for the "common good".
在我们爱尔兰，水的氟化是我们最重要的宪法案件之一的核心问题。一名妇女提起了政府的诉讼，她说她有身体自主选择在她身体里放什么化学物质的权利，因此她要求水系统不加氟。法院基本上告诉她，不管怎么讲，为了“公共利益”，添加氟化物都符合公众的普遍利益。
Reading the comments here is a bit of a shit show lots of judgement from people labelling people concerned with fluoride as nut cases. Look, the fact is even the scientists involved in studies around fluoridation of water state the debate on its safety and side effects aren’t settled. Do some reading of peer reviewed studies before blindly judging everyone.
I’m not against using fluoride to protect teeth, it’s proven it helps but there are studies shown that ingesting it can also potentially cause lower iq among other things read the studies and make your own mind up. That being the case I’d prefer unadulterated water.
I’ll add I ended up with fluoride stained teeth due to the fluoridation in my water as a child indicating it was over fluoridated.
阅读这里的评论有点扯淡，很多人把关心氟的人贴上了疯子的标签。事实上，即使是参与水的氟化研究的科学家关于它的安全性和副作用的争论也没有辩出个所以然来。在盲目评判每个人之前，先阅读一些同行评议的研究。
我并不反对使用氟化物来保护牙齿，事实证明它是有帮助的，但也有研究表明，摄入氟化物也可能会导致智商降低，阅读研究，自己决定吧。既然如此，我宁愿用纯净水。
我还要补充一句，我的牙齿最后染上了氟化物颜色，这是由于我小时候的水里的氟化物过多造成的。
Ok but what about the fluoride in everyday foods? The average fluoride dose that is added to drinking water is 4 times less than that in black tea for example. Why is no one warning against flouride in black tea, or wine, or raisins? Is it because it's naturally occurring? Aren't the dangers from their high fluoride content even greater?
那日常食物中的氟化物呢？比如，在红茶中添加的氟化物平均剂量是饮用水的四倍。为什么没有人警告红茶、葡萄酒或葡萄干中含有氟化物？是因为它是自然发生的吗？它们的高氟化物含量不是更危险吗？
Sure also a concern but according to studies it’s all about dose and while tea and a few other foods have greater concentration people don’t generally need to drink a certain amount of tea to survive although I know a few brits that drink a ridiculous amount lol. But point I’m making is people don’t tend to drink liters of tea daily. I will drink far more water than I will tea, and drinking tea is a choice. I get what your saying but water is a necessity to survive and we’re supposed to drink a couple of litres a day.
Like I said not against using fluoride to protect teeth I have an issue with it being put into our drinking water, what’s wrong with wanting water that’s not been modified?
Also to add the fluoride present in tea and other things occur naturally so nobody is putting it purposely in these things. So it’s not really the same, and you can curb your intake of those things if it’s that much of a concern, kinda hard to restrict how much water you drink.
当然，这也是一个问题，但根据研究，这完全是剂量问题，虽然茶和其他一些食物的浓度更高，但人们通常不需要喝一定量的茶来生存，尽管我知道一些英国人喝了大量的茶，呵呵。但我想说的是，人们并不倾向于每天喝几升茶。我会喝更多的水而不是茶，喝茶只是一种选择。我明白你的意思，但是水是生存的必需品，我们每天应该喝几升水。
就像我说的，不反对使用氟化物来保护牙齿，我对把氟化物放入我们的饮用水有意见，想要用没有经过改性的水有什么错？
而且，在茶和其他东西中加入氟化物是自然产生的，所以没有人是故意往这些东西中加入氟化物的。所以性质是不一样的，你可以控制这些东西的摄入量，如果这是一个很大的担忧的话，但要限制你喝多少水就有点难了。
I look forward to hearing from the people who think vaccines are bad and 5G gives you Covid that there is something wrong with this plan.
我期待听到那些认为疫苗不好、5G会让你感染新冠病毒的人说这个计划有问题。
That will give the conspiracy nutcases something else to rave about.
这将给那些阴谋狂们提供另一种可以大肆宣扬的东西。
Isn’t this an archaic practice which was spawned from the days when fluoridated toothpastes were not widely available? These days I can place the fluoride directly on my teeth with toothpaste or mouthwash without ingesting it.
这难道不是一种在含氟牙膏还没有普及的时候产生的古老的做法吗？现在我可以用牙膏或漱口水直接把氟化物涂在牙齿上，而不需要咽下去。
Studies have shown that the combination of fluoridated water and toothpaste is better than either solo. There's a great Professor Dave video on it.
研究表明，含氟水和牙膏的组合比单独使用任何一种都要好。戴夫教授有一个很棒的视频。（译注：链接）
The biggest benefit is when fluoride is incorporated into adult teeth as they're developing.
最大的好处是氟化物在成人牙齿发育过程中被吸收。
Fluoride decreases IQ scores in infants and toddlers. Study
氟化物会降低婴幼儿的智商。研究（译注：链接）
It's an observational study, and there's a ton of caveats. It calls for more work on the topic, but is clearly not enough to conclude, as per the actual limitations described in the paper itself.
这是一项观察性研究，有很多需要注意的点。它需要在这个主题上做更多的研究工作，但显然这个研究不足以得出结论，正如论文本身所描述的那些实际限制。
If that sentence is your conclusion after reading that paper, you ought to read it again. Cuz that is absolutely not what it says.
如果这句话是你读完论文后的结论，那你应该再读一遍。因为它绝对不是这么说的。
Fluoride is bad for you.
Just read the warning labels on tooth paste tubes, particularly how careful to be with it in terms of children (because children tolerate much less of something).
Also, fluoridation of water removes personal choice. You no longer have a say in what water you drink.
But hey, I must be a conspiracy nutjob because I dont like putting poison in my body (if they put calciumfluoride in the water I would have no problems with this as it's nowhere near as problematic as sodium fluoride is in terms of posionous to us)
氟化物对你有害。
只要读一下牙膏管上的警告标签就知道了，特别是对儿童来说要多么小心（因为儿童对某些东西的耐受性要低得多）。
此外，水的氟化去除了个人的选择权。你再也无权决定喝什么样的水了。
但是，嘿，我一定是一个阴谋论疯子，因为我不喜欢在我的身体里放毒药（如果他们在水里放氟化钙，我不会有问题，因为它远没有氟化钠对我们的毒害大）
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
We already use Fluoride here in the US for years. But if the current US administration would announce they would start adding Fluoride to the water as public health policy, the ultra-right wing Mericans, which is virtually the entire Republican party, would declare this a violation of their individual liberties and would enact anti-Fluoride laws in Republican states, and would officially declare Biden as a communist socialist dictator who wants to poison Mericans.
我们在美国已经使用氟化物很多年了。但是如果现在美国的政府宣布他们将开始在水中添加氟化物作为公共卫生政策，极右翼的美国人，几乎是整个共和党，将宣布这是对他们个人自由的侵犯，并将在共和党州颁布反氟化物法，并将正式宣布拜登是一个想毒害美国人的XX主义独裁者。
So how does ingesting fluoride help my teeth exactly?
那么，摄入氟化物到底是如何帮助我的牙齿的呢？
So your teeth surfaces are made from a chemical called hydroxyapatite. It is the hardest thing in your body. It is quite tough and if treated well it can handle most of a lifetime of wear.
The issue with hydroxyapatite is that it is vulnerable to acid attack. If you drink really acidic foods, if you throw up and coat your teeth in stomach acid, or if you eat sugars and starches (even tiny amounts) and bacteria feed on them and release acid as a byproduct then the acid reacts with the hydroxyapatite and slowly dissolves it.
So drinking food and throwing up and all that can just thin out your enamel all over, but bacteria in particular can dissolve pockets of your teeth, which turn into little tunnels, and then eventually go right through the enamel into the soft insides and infect it. Those little tunnels are cavities.
So science has tried to figure out how to make your teeth more resistant to acid attacks.
你的牙齿表面是由一种叫做羟基磷灰石的化学物质构成的。它是你身体里最坚硬的东西。它非常坚硬，如果使用得当，它能扛住你一生的大部分牙齿磨损。
但羟基磷灰石的问题在于它很容易受到酸的侵蚀。如果你摄入酸性很强的饮食，如果你呕吐，牙齿上覆盖着胃酸，或者如果你吃了糖和淀粉（即使是很少量），然后细菌以它们为食，并释放出酸作为副产物，那么这些酸就会与羟基磷灰石反应，慢慢溶解它。
所以进食、呕吐等等都会使你的牙釉质变薄，但细菌尤其能溶解你的牙齿，形成小孔，最终直接穿过牙釉质进入柔软的牙齿内部并感染它。那些小孔洞就是蛀牙。
因此，科学界一直在研究如何让牙齿更能抵抗酸的攻击。
Sixth is to make the tooth itself more resistant to acid attack. What if we could use a chemical that changed the outer surface of a tooth from hydroxyapatite to something else that was also hard but more acid resistant? That would slow the rate of tooth decay. Fluoride does that.
When you drink fluoride or brush with it, it reacts with the hydroxyapatite on your teeth to make fluorapatite and related compounds. This molecule is way better with acid than the original stuff so it’s like putting a shield on your teeth.
If you drink lightly fluoridated water, you regularly maintain a bit of a shield in your teeth. Brushing removes gunk and also does a firmer top up of the shield. So fluoride reduces cavities.
The issues perceived with fluoride are twofold. First, if you drink a ton of fluoride at an early age (this is most common where water naturally has a ton of fluoride in it) then it can cause spotting on your teeth - white spots that are permanent and while purely cosmetic (the affected teeth seem actually a bit better with cavities) most people find doesn’t look as good. More controversially, it might get into your bones, which hypothetically might make them a bit less sturdy, but this is not really evidenced. This is why you’re told to spit out toothpaste - so you don’t swallow the fluoride and give yourself fluorosis.
首先，你可以避免让你的牙齿浸泡在酸中（比如喝大部分果汁，轻易暴食等等）。第二，你可以喝大量的水，这稀释了酸，减缓了细菌的生长。第三，你可以避免摄入细菌喜欢的食物——大部分糖、淀粉。最糟糕的是整天都吃一些糖和淀粉——比如每天下午都慢慢地喝一杯加糖咖啡。第四，你可能在遗传上很幸运——由于各种原因，有些人就是比其他人更容易得蛀牙。第五，你可以定期刮掉牙齿上的细菌黏稠物（刷牙和用牙线清洁）。
而第六就是使牙齿本身更能抵抗酸的攻击。如果我们可以使用一种化学物质，将牙齿的外表面从羟基磷灰石变成同样坚硬但更耐酸的东西，会怎么样呢？这样可以减缓蛀牙的速度。氟化物的作用正在于此。
当你喝氟化物或用它刷牙时，它会与牙齿上的羟基磷灰石发生反应，生成氟磷灰石和相关化合物。这种分子对酸的抵抗作用比原来的羟基磷灰石要强得多，所以它就像给你的牙齿戴上了一层保护罩。
如果你喝了含少量氟的水，你的牙齿就会经常保持一种防护。刷除黏稠物，还能使护盾更牢固。氟化物可以减少蛀牙。
但氟化物也有两面性。首先，如果你在很小的时候就喝了一吨的氟化物（这是最常见的，因为光是喝水本身就摄入了一吨的氟化物），那么，它会在你的牙齿上造成斑点——永久性的白色斑点，虽然纯粹只是白色斑点而已（长斑点的牙齿实际上似乎比那些有蛀洞的牙齿更好），但大多数人认为看起来不那么好看。更有争议的是，它可能会进入你的骨骼，这可能会让它们变得不那么坚固，但这个说法并没有证据。这就是为什么你被告知要把牙膏吐出来——这样你就不会吞下氟化物而患上慢性氟中毒了。
So don’t eat sweets and starches all day, switch to diet drinks, drink water, brush twice daily and floss at least daily, don’t drink acidic stuff like most fruit juice, go to the dentist and get, if you have fluoride in your tap water that’s an extra chunk of protection.
Dental health is important - plenty of people have serious negative issues from poor dental care, and there are signs this causes systemic issues like heart disease and dementia. Good luck!
另一个被讨论的问题是，研究表明，当人们饮用了含有一吨氟化物的水时，就像水中氟化物含量的几十倍，这似乎会导致神经问题。对于少量饮水量没有证据证明这一点（似乎是安全的），但当你摄入太多的某些物质（包括比如维生素或水）时，任何东西都是有害的，有些人担心水中的氟化物会对大脑造成损害。但还是——经过几十年的氟化水历史，并没有在这种含量水平上发现支持这种说法的证据。
所以不要整天吃甜食和淀粉，改成减肥饮料，喝水，每天刷两次牙，至少每天用牙线，不要喝酸性的东西，比如大多数果汁，去看牙医，如果你的自来水中有氟化物，那将是额外的保护。
牙齿健康是很重要的——很多人因为糟糕的牙齿护理而遭受严重的负面问题，有迹象表明这会导致系统性问题，比如心脏病和痴呆。祝你好运！
Why not teach flossing and rinsing with warm water and sea salt? Green teas have natural fluoride and a great way to flush out the salt residue in your mouth.
为什么不教大家用温水加海盐刷牙并用牙线呢？绿茶含有天然氟化物，是清除口腔中盐分残留的好方法。
No. They’re adding it because it’s industrial runoff and someone’s making bank with this scam. Fluoride is an endocrine disrupter. Bad for your thyroid. Plus, the thing that’s stronger than fluoride, non toxic and naturally mineralized in teeth is hydroxyapatite
不。他们加进去是因为这是工业废料，有人用这个骗局赚钱。氟化物是一种内分泌干扰物。对你的甲状腺有害。此外，比氟化物更强、无毒、在牙齿中自然矿化的东西是羟基磷灰石
Sure, lets ignore difficulty in accessing affordable dental care. NHS dentists are almost always full and many people can’t afford full prices. But sure, fluoride will magically solve the underlying issues of bad dental hygiene and lacking dental infrastructure
当然，让我们忽略获得负担得起的牙科护理的困难。国家医疗体系的牙医几乎总是满员，而很多人付不起全价。但可以肯定的是，氟化物将神奇地解决糟糕的口腔卫生和缺乏牙科基础设施的潜在问题，对吧
I’ve heard fluoride causes people to be more docile.. no idea if it’s true but I prefer not to actually ingest fluoride tho recently got fluoride toothpaste again to see if it makes my teeth feel better
我听说氟化物会让人更温顺…我不知道这是不是真的，但我不想吃下氟化物，最近我又买了含氟化物的牙膏，看看它是否能让我的牙齿感觉更好
the levels of fluoride in tap water are nowhere near what those conspiracy theories talk about.
自来水中的氟化物含量远没有那些阴谋论所说的那么高。
It’s funny. After past year with all the antivax and anti mask craziness I’ve personally grown far more wary of all conspiracy theories thus ignorant re truth of fluoride. I still would rather not ingest it
这很有趣。在过去的一年里，在所有反疫苗和反口罩的疯狂之后，我个人变得更加警惕所有的阴谋论了，因此对氟化物的真相一无所知。我还是不愿意吃它们
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But it doesn't harm you at the levels present in tap water, so its quite silly to say you won't ingest it when tap water contains other particulates as well.
但以自来水中的含量，它不会对你造成伤害的，所以说自来水中也含有其他颗粒物，你就不会喝它，这是相当愚蠢的。
It's been like this for years here in Eastern Canada, The Maritimes.
在加拿大东部的海滨地区，自来水加氟已经加了好多年了。
I just will say that they have done this in the US and have seen upticks in cancer in those who are drinking more fluoride
我想说的是，他们在美国也这么做了，并且发现那些喝更多氟化物的人患癌症的几率上升了
It won’t cut down the number of British teeth jokes for decades though.
然而，这不会在几十年内减少关于英国人牙齿的笑话。
The British don’t have a terrible cavity rate, but culturally don’t use braces and other interventions to straighten and align teeth as often. This means if you were born snaggled, you stay that way. Combine it with massive tea consumption, which stains teeth brown, and you have crooked, yellow teeth.
英国人的蛀牙率并不高，但从文化上讲，他们不经常使用牙套和其他矫正方法来矫正牙齿。这意味着，如果你生来就有缺陷，你就会一直这样。再加上会让牙齿会变成棕色的大量饮茶，于是你就有了横七竖八大黄牙。