我们如何防止冰川融化？（一）
How can we save glaciers from melting?
译文简介
随着人口增多，全球变暖，冰川融化和海平面上升速度加快了，有报告指出，如果全球冰川融化，海平面将上升66米，冰川消融会给人类带来可怕的灾难。我们该做些什么来保护冰川呢
正文翻译
How can we save glaciers from melting?
我们如何防止冰川融化？
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Glacier is an accumulation of snow over many years or centuries. A glacier is has compressed snow over many years and remains in a location for many years in the form of compressed large thick ice masses. A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice which constantly moves due to its own weight. Dure to mass , glacier flow like a very slow river.
There are so many factors responsible for melting of glaciers.
A. Global warming.
B. Carbon dioxide emissions.
C. Ocean warming.
How to stop / avoid glacier melting :
A. Avoid major climatic changes.
B. Slow down erosion.
C. Avoid cutting forests.
D. Prevent global warming by using alternative energy solutions. Using public transportation or carpool , bicycle and walking.
冰川是多年或几个世纪积雪的积累。冰川是由多年的积雪压缩而成，并在某一位置以压缩的大型厚冰块的形式存在多年。冰川是一个持久的致密冰体，由于自身的重量而不断移动。由于质量原因，冰川像一条非常缓慢的河流一样流动。
引起冰川融化的因素有很多。
A.全球变暖。
B.排放二氧化碳。
C.海洋变暖。
如何阻止/避免冰川融化:
A.避免重大气候变化。
B.减缓侵蚀。
C.避免砍伐森林。
D.通过使用替代能源解决方案防止全球变暖。乘坐公共交通工具或拼车、骑自行车或步行。
Glaciers all over the planet are melting, in some instances rapidly, due to a general increase in temperatures all over the planet, but especially at high latitudes. In the European Alps, since summer runoff is quite important commercially, they have taken to putting covers on the glaciers to retard the melting. It is, of course, not practical to cover the 250,000-hectare Greenland icecap, or the 1.5-million-hectare antarctic ice sheet with covers of any sort. So our only way forward is to try and stop the temperature runup by elimination of fossil fuel consumption.
由于全球气温普遍升高，尤其是在高纬度地区，全球各地的冰川都在融化，某些情况下融化得很快。在欧洲的阿尔卑斯山，由于夏季径流具有相当重要的商业价值，他们开始给冰川上盖盖子以延缓融化。当然，要覆盖25万公顷的格陵兰冰盖或150万公顷的南极冰盖是不现实的。因此，我们唯一的出路就是通过减少化石燃料的消耗来阻止气温上升。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Even if we CAN stop them from melting - there’s another problem. Large glaciers slide DOWNHILL where it’s warmer.
即使我们能阻止它们融化，还有另一个问题。大型冰川在温度较高的地方滑下山坡。
Get the atmosphere’s carbon dioxide content back below 300 ppm. Actually would prefer 350 ppm. A lot of glaciers would recover at that level and it makes for sightly milder winters.
让大气中的二氧化碳含量回到百万分之300（300ppm）以下。实际上我觉得百万分之350（350ppm）以下更好。许多冰川将在这个水平上恢复，这样冬天就会温和一些。
We have to wait until Mother Earth comes back from an excursion. Do not fall victim to the anti-CO2 hysteria. No, reducing CO2 emissions won’t help, the existing CO2 has already absorbed all the heat it could, and a lot of its far IR absorption band overlaps with water vapour’s. Addition of the new CO2 or removal will not change things. And the present concentration of CO2 is only two times greater than the minimum which supports photosynthesis and life on Earth. In the past there were much greater CO2 concentrations with flourishing of plant and animal species, and there were periods with lower global temperatures, also with elevated CO2 concentrations.
我们必须等到地球母亲旅行回来。不要成为抗二氧化碳歇斯底里症的受害者。不，减少二氧化碳排放没有帮助，现有的二氧化碳已经吸收了它所能吸收的所有热量，而且它的许多远红外吸收带与水蒸气重叠。增加或去除新的二氧化碳不会改变什么。目前的二氧化碳浓度仅是地球上支持光合作用和生命的最低浓度的两倍。在过去，随着植物和动物物种的繁衍，二氧化碳浓度大大增加，全球温度也有降低的时期，二氧化碳浓度也有升高的时期。
Climate change is real. I know it. I have experienced it. Those who do not accept that are just living in denial, because it is here and the consequences are inevitable.
No doubt.
One of the most serious concerns has been the glaciers and ice-shelf melting. We are losing parts of glaciers every year and with that we are gaining rise in sea level every year.
There are two factors responsible for this:
Global Warming
Warm seawater.
气候变化是真实的。我知道。我经历过。那些不接受这一点的人只是生活在否定中，因为它就在这里，其后果是不可避免的。
毫无疑问。
最严重的问题之一是冰川和冰架融化。每年我们都在失去部分冰川，海平面每年都在上升。
这有两个原因：
全球变暖
温暖的海水。
Thus, the ice melts and in the winter the same ice freezes. Overall, we are losing ice-caps. Not even in winter, are the glaciers safe as they used to be.
The second one we talked about is the warm seawater. The water at the bed of the sea is warm and this water when touches the ice-shelves melts them creating instability.
In 2016, researchers with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory reported that the ice in West Antarctica was melting faster than previously thought. Their findings, published in the journal Nature Communications, said increased circulation of warm water beneath the ice shelf was likely the main contributor to ice loss in the region.
And to tackle this, scientists have proposed to build an underwater wall, like a barrier. It will stop the warm seawater to melt the glaciers.
As you can see in the image, the artificial barrier helps in reducing the rate of melt and bringing back stability.
虽然碳排放仍在上升，科学家们仍在寻找减少大气中碳排放的方法。全球变暖的天气逐年增加。这些暖流取代了极地上的寒流。
因此，冰融化了，在冬天，同样的冰冻结了。总的来说，我们正在失去冰盖。即使在冬天，冰川也不像过去那样安全了。
我们谈到的第二个是温暖的海水。海底的水是温暖的，当接触冰架时，这些水会融化冰架，造成不稳定。
2016年，美国宇航局喷气推进实验室的研究人员报告称，南极洲西部的冰融化速度比之前想象的要快。他们的研究结果发表在《自然通讯》杂志上，冰架下温水循环的增加可能是该地区冰流失的主要原因。
为了解决这个问题，科学家们提议建造一堵水下墙，就像一道屏障。它将阻止温暖的海水融化冰川。
正如你在图片中看到的，人工屏障有助于降低融化速度，恢复稳定性。
For example, building four isolated walls would require between 0.1 and 1.5 cubic km of material.
"That is comparable to the 0.1 km3 that was used to create Palm Jumeirah in Dubai ($12 billion)...(and) the 0.3 km3 that was used to create Hong Kong International Airport ($20 billion)," the report said.
The authors conceded that the work would be located in a much harsher environment than the ones in which those projects were built, and their results suggest that it would only have a 30% probability of success.
However, the report said that the scientific community could work towards developing a plan that was both achievable and had a high probability of success.
"We understand the hesitancy to interfere with glaciers — as glaciologists, we know the pristine beauty of these places. But we have also stood on ice shelves that are now open ocean," wrote Moore.
"If the world does nothing, ice sheets will keep shrinking and the losses will accelerate."
References:
Underwater walls could stop glaciers from melting, scientists say
Build walls on seafloor to stop glaciers melting, scientists say
不过，这是有代价的。
例如，建造四座隔离墙需要0.1到1.5立方千米的材料。
报告称:“这相当于用于建造迪拜朱美拉棕榈岛的0.1平方公里(120亿美元)，以及用于建造香港国际机场的0.3平方公里(200亿美元)。”
作者们承认，这项工作所处的环境要比这些项目所处的环境恶劣得多，他们的结果表明，这项工作成功的可能性只有30%。
然而，该报告称，科学界可以努力制定一个既可实现又有高成功率的计划。
摩尔写道：“我们理解在干涉冰川问题上的犹豫，作为冰川学家，我们知道这些地方的原始美景。但我们也站在现在是开放海洋的冰架上。”。
“如果世界无所作为，冰盖将继续缩小，损失将加速。”
引用:
科学家称，水下墙可以阻止冰川融化
科学家说，在海底建造墙来阻止冰川融化